ASTM D6111-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by Displacement
Standard Test Method for Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by Displacement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific gravity or density of a solid is a property that can be measured conveniently to follow physical changes in a sample, to indicate degree of uniformity among different sampling units or specimens, or to indicate the average density of a large item.
5.2 It is possible that variations in density of a particular plastic lumber or shapes specimen will be due to changes in crystallinity, loss of plasticizer/solvent content, differences in degree of foaming, or to other causes. It is possible that portions of a sample will differ in density because of difference in crystallinity, thermal history, porosity, and composition (types or proportions of resin, plasticizer, pigment, or filler).
Note 2: Reference is made to Test Method D1622.
5.3 Density is useful for calculating strength to weight and cost to weight ratios.
5.4 If the cross-sectional area of the specimen is required for future testing on a particular sample, it is acceptable to determine it from a specific gravity measurement, see Eq 5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density and specific gravity of plastic lumber and shapes in their “as manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the bulk specific gravity or bulk density by immersion of the entire item or a representative cross section in water. This test method involves the weighing of a one piece specimen in water, using a sinker with plastics that are lighter than water. This test method is suitable for products that are wet by, but otherwise not affected by water for the duration of the test.
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, this test method would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:D6111 −18
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and
1
Shapes by Displacement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
density and specific gravity of plastic lumber and shapes in
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
their “as manufactured” form.As such, this is a test method for
D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a
Plastics
product and not a material property test method.
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the bulk
D5033 GuideforDevelopmentofASTMStandardsRelating
specific gravity or bulk density by immersion of the entire item
to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn
3
or a representative cross section in water. This test method
2007)
involves the weighing of a one piece specimen in water, using
D6108 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Plastic
a sinker with plastics that are lighter than water. This test
Lumber and Shapes
method is suitable for products that are wet by, but otherwise
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
not affected by water for the duration of the test.
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
3
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
predominately from recycled plastics. However, this test
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
method would also be applicable to similar manufactured
plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is
3. Terminology
non-homogeneous in the cross-section.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.1.1 density, bulk—theweightperunitvolumeofamaterial
including voids inherent in material as tested. (Terminology
standard.
D883)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Specific gravity at 23/23°C can be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3
converted to density 23°C, g/cm , as follows:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
23C 3
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D , g/cm 5 sp gr 23/23°C 30.9976 (1)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 plastic lumber, n—a manufactured product made pri-
marily from plastic materials (filled or unfilled), typically used
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
as a building material for purposes similar to those of tradi-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
tional lumber, which is usually rectangular in cross-section.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(Terminology D883)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Plastic lumber is typically supplied in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sizes similar to those of traditional lumber board, timber and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dimension lumber; however the tolerances for plastic lumber
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and for traditional lumber are not necessarily the same.
(Terminology D883)
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber (Section contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D20.20.01). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6111 - 13a. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D6111-18. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6111−18
3.1.3 plastic shape, n—a manufactured product made pri- 6. Apparatus
marily from plastic materials (filled or unfilled), which is not
6.1 Balance—A bal
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6111 − 13a D6111 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and
1
Shapes by Displacement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density and specific gravity of plastic lumber and shapes in their “as
manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not
a material property test method.
1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the bulk specific gravity or bulk density by immersion of the entire item or a
representative cross section in water. This test method involves the weighing of a one piece specimen in water, using a sinker with
plastics that are lighter than water. This test method is suitable for products that are wet by, but otherwise not affected by water
for the duration of the test.
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, this test method would
also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the
cross-section.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
3
D5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn 2007)
D6108 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density, bulk—the weight per unit volume of a material including voids inherent in material as tested. (Terminology D883)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber (Section
D20.20.01).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013June 1, 2018. Published September 2013June 2018. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
D6111 - 13.D6111 - 13a. DOI: 10.1520/D6111-13A.10.1520/D6111-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6111 − 18
3
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Specific gravity at 23/23°C can be converted to density 23°C, g/cm , as follows:
23C 3
D , g/cm 5 sp gr 23/23°C30.9976 (1)
3.1.2 plastic lumber, n—a manufactured product made primarily from plastic materials (filled or unfilled), typically used as a
building material for purposes similar to those of traditional lumber, which is usually rectangular in cross-section. (Terminology
D883)
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Plastic lumber is typic
...
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