ASTM D2941-00(2012)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2941 − 00 (Reapproved2012)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the break 4.1 Break depends on the fiber structure and on the relation
pattern of shoe upper leather using an arbitrary break scale. between the grain and other strata of the leather. A fine break,
This test method does not apply to wet blue. or a grain pattern which shows many fine wrinkles when it is
bent to form a concave surface, as it is in the vamp of a shoe,
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
reflects favorably upon appearance and serviceability.Acoarse
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
break, on the other hand, where a few coarse wrinkles are
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
formed on bending the grain to form a concave surface may
and are not considered standard.
indicate that the grain layer is separating from the corium or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
main stratum as in pipey leather. Shoes made from fine-break
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
leather are more attractive and tend to wear longer than shoes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
made from coarse-break leather. (See MIL-STD 663 and the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4
ALCA Journal).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5,6
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
2 5.1 Satra Mandrel, consisting of two windows or hollows.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Satra Visual Break Scale, consisting of eight levels of
D1517 Terminology Relating to Leather
2.2 MIL Standard: break ranging from 1, fine, to 8, coarse.
MIL-STD 663 Visual Inspection Guide for Footwear Upper
6. Test Specimen
Leather
6.1 The sample for the test should be taken from an agreed
3. Terminology
area of the hide, and shall be a piece of leather 2 by 4 in. (51
3.1 Definitions:
by 102 mm) with the long dimension perpendicular to the
3.1.1 break (of leather)—the pattern of wrinkles formed on
backbone; or a cut shoe part.
the grain surface of upper leather when it is bent grain in to
6.2 Unless otherwise specified, one specimen shall be tested
form a concave surface. This characteristic is observed in the
from each sample.
vamp of the shoe in walking. For this reason this test method
is primarily intended for evaluation of cut parts.
7. Procedure
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
7.1 With long dimension of the specimen parallel to the
refer to Terminology D1517.
length of the mandrel, bend it with thumb and fingers to bring
it into contact with the outside of the mandrel, and observe the
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
wrinkles through the windows.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear. This test
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
(Standard Method E64 – 1972).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally Bailey, M., Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, JALCA,
approved in 1970. Last previous editio
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