ASTM D953-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics
Standard Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This bearing strength test for plastics is intended to apply in the specification of various thermoplastic or thermosetting products in sheet form where rivets, bolts, or similar fastenings are to be used in joining members or sections. It also is intended to apply wherever sheet materials of the classes indicated are required to sustain edgewise loads that are applied by means of pins or rods of circular cross section which pierce the sheet perpendicular to the surface.
The purpose of the test is to determine the bearing strength of the material and to show the bearing stress versus the deformation of the hole. The allowable deformation of the hole in the material should be such as to produce no looseness of joints.
While it is a known fact that higher strength materials will generally give higher bearing strengths, there is no satisfactory method by which bearing strength may be estimated from tensile or compressive properties of the material.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions or testing parameters or combination thereof covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bearing strength of rigid plastics in either sheet form, molded form, or in thermoset pultruded form. Procedure A is applicable for tension loading and Procedure B for compression loading.
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation:D953–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Bearing Strength of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.2.1 bearing area—the diameter of the hole multiplied by
the thickness of the specimen.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthebearing
3.2.2 bearing strength—the bearing stress at which the
strength of rigid plastics in either sheet form, molded form, or
bearing hole is deformed 4% of its diameter.
in thermoset pultruded form. Procedure A is applicable for
3.2.3 bearing stress—the applied load in newtons (or
tension loading and Procedure B for compression loading.
2 2
pounds-force) divided by the bearing area in mm (or in ).
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and
3.2.4 edge distance ratio—the distance from the center of
appropriate for use in engineering design.
the bearing hole to the edge of the specimen in the direction of
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the principal stress, divided by the diameter of the hole.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.5 maximum bearing stress—the maximum load in new-
only.
tons (or pounds-force) sustained by the specimen, divided by
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the bearing area.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 This bearing strength test for plastics is intended to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
apply in the specification of various thermoplastic or thermo-
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
setting products in sheet form where rivets, bolts, or similar
fasteningsaretobeusedinjoiningmembersorsections.Italso
2. Referenced Documents
is intended to apply wherever sheet materials of the classes
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
indicated are required to sustain edgewise loads that are
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
appliedbymeansofpinsorrodsofcircularcrosssectionwhich
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
pierce the sheet perpendicular to the surface.
D4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Ex-
4.2 The purpose of the test is to determine the bearing
trusion Materials (PA)
strength of the material and to show the bearing stress versus
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
the deformation of the hole. The allowable deformation of the
Plastics Specimens
hole in the material should be such as to produce no looseness
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
of joints.
E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
4.3 While it is a known fact that higher strength materials
will generally give higher bearing strengths, there is no
3. Terminology
satisfactory method by which bearing strength may be esti-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertain-
mated from tensile or compressive properties of the material.
ingtoplasticsusedinthistestmethod,seeTerminologyD883.
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference
3
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
shouldbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.
Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions or
testing parameters or combination thereof covered in the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
over those in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
material specifications then the default conditions apply.
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D953-02. DOI:
10.1520/D0953-09.
2
5. Apparatus
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Testing Machine—A properly calibrated universal test-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ing machine that can be operated at a speed of 1.3 6 0.3 mm
the ASTM website.
3
Attention is also directed to Terminology E6. (0.05 6 0.01 in.)/min, except that in cases of certain types of
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D953–02 Designation:D953–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Bearing Strength of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the determination of the bearing strength of rigid plastics in either sheet or molded form. Procedure
A is applicable for tension loading and Procedure B for compression loading. *
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bearing strength of rigid plastics in either sheet form, molded form, or in
thermoset pultruded form. Procedure A is applicable for tension loading and Procedure B for compression loading.
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials (PA)
D4805Terminology for Plastics Standards 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertaining to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology D883or
Terminology D4805.
3
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bearing area—the diameter of the hole multiplied by the thickness of the specimen.
3.2.2 bearing strength—the bearing stress at which the bearing hole is deformed 4% of its diameter.
2 2
3.2.3 bearing stress—the applied load in newtons (or pounds-force) divided by the bearing area in mm (or in ).
3.2.4 edge distance ratio—the distance from the center of the bearing hole to the edge of the specimen in the direction of the
principal stress, divided by the diameter of the hole.
3.2.5 maximum bearing stress—the maximum load in newtons (or pounds-force) sustained by the specimen, divided by the
bearing area.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This bearing strength test for plastics is intended to apply in the specification of various thermoplastic or thermosetting
products in sheet form where rivets, bolts, or similar fastenings are to be used in joining members or sections. It also is intended
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originally published as D953–48T. Last previous edition D953–95. DOI: 10.1520/D0953-02.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D953-02. DOI:
10.1520/D0953-09.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 08.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
3
Attention is also directed to Terminology E6.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D953–09
to apply wherever sheet materials of the classes indicated are required to sustain edgewise loads that are applied by means of pins
or rods of circular cross section which pierce the sheet perpendicular to the surface.
4.2 The purpose of the test is to determine the bearing strength of the material and to show the bearing s
...
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