ASTM F894-98a

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An American National Standard
Designation: F 894 – 98a
Standard Specification for
Polyethylene (PE) Large Diameter Profile Wall Sewer and
Drain Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2412 TestMethodforDeterminationofExternalLoading
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Pipe Loading
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods
D2657 Practice for Heat Joining of Polyolefin Pipe and
for materials, dimensions, workmanship, ring stiffness, flatten-
Fittings
ing,jointsystems,andaformofmarkingforlargediameter,10
D2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design
to 120 in. (250 to 3050 mm), inside diameter based polyeth-
Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
ylene (PE) pipe of profile wall construction and with butt-
D3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic
fused, bell and spigot, and other mechanical joints for use in
Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
low pressure and gravity flow applications, such as for sewers
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and
and drains.
Fittings Materials
NOTE 1—Pipe produced to this specification should be installed in 3
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
accordance with Practice D2321 and with the manufacturer’s recommen-
F477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for
dations.
Joining Plastic Pipe
NOTE 2—For purposes of this specification, low pressure is defined as
F585 Practice for Insertion of Flexible Polyethylene Pipe
50 ft (15.2 m) of water column or less.
into Existing Sewers
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2.2 Federal Standard:
as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
information only.
2.3 Military Standard:
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
3. Terminology
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
nology D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation
tions prior to use.
for polyethylene is PE.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1 closed profile (CP)—aprofilewallpipewallconstruc-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion that presents essentially smooth internal and external
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
surfaces.
Insulating Materials for Testing
3.2.2 extrusion welding—a joining technique that is accom-
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
plished by extruding a molten polyethylene bead between two
Plastics
prepared surface ends.
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
3.2.3 open profile (OP)—a profile wall pipe wall construc-
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
tion that presents an essentially smooth internal surface with a
D2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo-
ribbed or corrugated external surface.
plastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity–Flow Applica-
3.2.4 profile wall—a pipe wall construction that presents an
tions
essentially smooth surface in the waterway but includes ribs or
other shapes, which can be either solid or hollow, that help
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF-17onPlastic
brace the pipe against diametrical deformation (see Fig. 1).
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.26 on Olefin
Based Pipe.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
published as F894–85. Last previous edition F894–98. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 894
NOTE 4—Other RSC classifications may be supplied, as agreed upon
between the purchaser and the manufacturer, provided that such product
compliesineveryotherrespectwiththeapplicabledimensionaltolerances
and testing requirements of this specification.
4.3 Joining Systems:
4.3.1 Bell and Spigot, Gasketed Type—Seal is affected by a
gasket compressed between the spigot and billed ends of the
pipe (see Fig. 2).
4.3.2 BellandSpigot,ExtrusionWeldType—Sealisaffected
by extrusion welding of the bell and spigot pipe ends (see Fig.
2).
4.3.3 Heat Fusion—Heat fusion joints are in accordance
with Practice D2657. Seal is affected by joining molten pipe
ends under controlled temperature and pressure (see Fig. 3).
4.3.4 Plain End Extrusion Weld—Seal is effected by extru-
sion welding prepared plain ends of the pipe (see Fig. 4).
4.3.5 Other—Where these connections are impractical or
undesirable because of space, layout, or other requirement,
joining methods such as flanging, restrained integral connec-
tors, and others may be used. Methods proposed should be
evaluated by the engineer for suitability.
5. Materials
5.1 Base Materials—The pipe shall be made of PE plastic
compound meeting the requirements of cell classification PE
334433C (or E) or higher cell classification in accordance with
Specification D3350. The material shall have an established
hydrostatic design basis (HDB) of not less than 1250 psi (8.6
MPa) for water at 73.4°F (23°C) determined in accordance
with Test Method D2837.
NOTE 5—Asourceofhydrostaticdesignbasis(HDB)recommendations
FIG. 1 Typical Construction of Profile Wall PE Pipe
for commercial thermoplastic pipe materials is the Plastics Pipe Institute.
These are developed on the basis of Test Method D2837 and additional
requirements. A listing of recommended HDB’s and the criteria for
3.2.5 ring stiffness constant (RSC)—the value obtained by
development may be obtained from the Plastics Pipe Institute, a Division
dividing the parallel plate load in pounds per foot of pipe
of the Society of the Plastic Industry, Suite 600K, 1801 K Street, NW,
length,bytheresultingdeflection,inpercent,at3%deflection.
Washington, DC 20006-1301.
The ring stiffness constant (RSC) that is used in this specifi-
5.2 Other Pipe Materials—Materialsotherthanthosespeci-
cation to classify pipe is a measure of the pipe’s deformation
fied under base materials may be used as part of the profile
resistance to diametrical point loading, such as is experienced
construction, for example, as a core tube to support the shape
during handling and installation. A pipe should resist these
of the profile during processing, provided that these materials
loads sufficiently well to allow its installation to prescribed
are compatible with the base PE material, are completely
deflection limits.
4. Classifications and Uses
4.1 Uses—The requirements of this specification are in-
tended to provide pipe suitable for underground or overground
gravity and low pressure drainage of sewer, surface water, and
industrial waste.
NOTE 3—Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only upon
the specific approval of the governing code, or other authority, and after
determining the suitability of the product under the anticipated environ-
ment,temperature,andotherend-useconditions.Usersshouldconsultthe
manufacturer for the required product information.
4.2 Classifications—This specification covers PE profile
wallpipeproductsmadeinfourstandardringstiffnessconstant
(RSC) classifications, namely 40, 63, 100, and 160. These are
referred to as RSC 40, RSC 63, RSC 100, and RSC 160. FIG. 2 Typical Extrusion Weld Joint Constructions
F 894
interface between bell and spigot, such that it is suitable for
permanent sealing by thermal welding using the extrusion
welding process, in accordance with the manufacturer’s rec-
ommended procedure. Alternatively, the pipe ends may act as
either spigot or bell to an externally supplied coupling.
6.2.2 Permanently sealed joints may be effected by welding
from inside the pipe or outside, or both.
6.2.3 The assembly of the welded joints shall be in accor-
FIG. 3 Heat Fusion
dance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
6.3 Heat Fusion (See Fig. 3):
6.3.1 The pipe ends shall be plain and suitable for machine
facing to square.
6.3.2 The assembly of the joint shall be in accordance with
Practice D2657 and the manufacturer’s recommendations.
6.4 Extrusion Welding Plain End (See Fig. 4):
6.4.1 The pipe ends shall be chamfered as for welding.
6.4.2 Permanently sealed joints may be effected by welding
from inside the pipe or outside, or both.
6.4.3 The assembly of the welding joints shall be in accor-
dance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
FIG. 4 Extrusion Weld
7. Requirements
encapsulated in the finished product, and in no way compro-
7.1 Workmanship—The pipe shall be essentially uniform in
mise the performance of the PE pipe products in the intended
color, opacity, density, and other properties. The inside and
use. Examples of suitable materials include polyethylene and
outside surfaces shall be matte or semi-glossy in appearance
polypropylene.
and be free of chalking, sticky, or tacky material. Slight lines
5.3 Rework Material—Clean rework PE material generated
andmoldmarks(seeNote6)arepermissibleprovidedthatthey
from the manufacturer’s own pipe production may be used by
donotresultinvariationoftheinsidediameterofmorethan ⁄8
the same manufacturer provided the pipe produced meets all
in.(3.2mm)fromthatobtainedonadjacentunaffectedportions
the requirements of this specification. Rework material of the
of the surface, and provided that such pipe meets all of the test
type described in 5.2, may only be used to make product if it
requirements set forth in this specification. Apart from the
hasbeenshowntobecompatiblewiththebasePEmaterialand
built-in voids and hollows associated with some profile wall
allowstheproductionofpipethatmeetsalltherequirementsof
designs, the pipe walls shall be free of cracks, blisters, foreign
this specification.
inclusions,orotherdefectsthatarevisibletothenakedeyeand
5.4 Gaskets—Elastomeric gaskets shall comply with the
that may affect the wall integrity. Bloom or chalking may
requirements specified in Specification F477.
develop in pipe exposed to direct rays of the sun (ultraviolet
5.5 Lubricant—The lubricant used for assembly of gasket
radiant energy) for extended periods and consequently the
joints shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket or on the
above requirements do not apply to pipe after extended
pipe.
exposure to direct rays of sun.
5.6 Thermal Welding Material—The material used for ther-
NOTE 6—Processes currently available for the production of pipe
mally welding the pipe material shall meet the requirements
meeting this specification involve tools or molds that may leave small
established for the base material.
parting lines or flash marks on the surface of the pipe. These are typical
of any molding process and in no way affect the performance of the pipe.
6. Joining System
6.1 Bell and Spigot (See Fig. 2): 7.2 Pipe Dimensions:—
6.1.1 The pipe ends shall consist of integrally formed bell 7.2.1 Diameter The average inside diameter of the pipe,
andspigot,oneofwhichisdesignedtoaccommodateagasket, including the diameter in integral spigot sections where
which when assembled forms a watertight seal by the radial present, shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 or Table
compressionofthegasketbetweenthespigotandthebellends. 2, when measured in accordance with 8.4.1.
Alternatively, the pipe ends may act as either spigot or bell to 7.2.2 Pipe Wall Thickness—Theminimumwallthicknessof
an externally supplied coupling. the waterway of the pipe (see Fig. 1) shall meet the require-
6.1.2 The joint shall be designed to avoid displacement of ments given in Table 1 or Table 2, when measured in
the gasket when it is assembled in accordance with the accordance with 8.4.2.
manufacturer’s recommendations. 7.2.3 Bell and Spigot Wall Thickness—With the exception
6.1.3 The assembly of the gasket joints shall be in accor- of the tapered lead-in section, where present, the minimum
dance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. wall thickness in the bell of the pipe (see Fig. 1) shall meet the
6.2 Bell and Spigot Thermal Weld Type: values specified in Table 1 or Table 2. The minimum wall
6.2.1 Thepipeendsshallconsistofanintegrallyformedbell thickness of the thinnest section of the spigot shall not be less
and spigot which, when assembled, come together to form an than that established for the pipe waterway.
F 894
TABLE 1 Open Profile Pipe Dimensions and Tolerances
Tolerance on Min Wall Thickness in Pipe Waterway, W
Nominal Average Inside Min Bell
Average Inside
Pipe Size, Diameter, in. Thickness, Tb,
RSC 40, in. RSC 63, in. RSC 100, in. RSC 160, in.
Diameter, in.
in. (mm) (mm) in. (mm)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm)
18 (460) 18.00 (457.2) 60.38 (9.65) 0.18 (4.57) 0.18 (4.57) 0.18 (4.57) 0.22 (5.59) 0.70 (17.78)
21 (530) 21.00 (533.4) 60.38 (9.65) 0.18 (4.57) 0.18 (4.57) 0.18 (4.57) 0.24 (6.10) 0.70 (17.78)
24 (610) 24.00 (609.6) 60.38 (9.65) 0.18 (4.57) 0.18 (4.57) 0.22 (5.59) 0.24 (6.10) 0.70 (17.78)
27 (690) 27.00 (685.8) 60.38 (9.65) 0.18 (4.57) 0.18 (4.57) 0.24 (6.10) 0.24 (6.10) 0.70 (17.78)
30 (760) 30.00 (762.0) 60.38 (9.65) 0.18 (4.57) 0.22 (5.59) 0.24 (6.10) 0.26 (6.60) 0.70 (17.78)
33 (840) 33.00 (838.2) 60.38 (9.65) 0.18 (4.57) 0.24 (6.10) 0.24 (6.10) 0.30 (7.62) 0.95 (24.13)
36 (910) 36.00 (914.4) 60.38 (9.65) 0.18 (4.57) 0.24 (6.10) 0.26 (6.60) 0.30 (7.62) 1.05 (26.67)
42 (1070) 42.00 (1066.8) 60.42 (10.67) 0.24 (6.10) 0.24 (6.10) 0.30 (7.62) 0.38 (9.65) 1.15 (29.21)
48 (1220) 48.00 (1219.2) 60.48 (12.19) 0.24 (6.10) 0.26 (6.60) 0.30 (7.62) 0.38 (9.65) 1.25 (31.75)
54 (1370) 54.00 (1371.6) 60.54 (13.72) 0.24 (6.10) 0.30 (7.62) 0.38 (9.65) 0.42 (10.67) 1.25 (31.75)
60 (1520) 60.00 (1524.0) 60.60 (15.24) 0.26 (6.60) 0.30 (7.62) 0.38 (9.65) 0.52 (13.21) 1.30 (33.02)
66 (1680) 66.00 (1676.4) 60.66 (16.76) 0.30 (7.62) 0.38 (9.65) 0.42 (10.67) 0.67 (17.02) 1.30 (33.02)
72 (1830) 72.00 (1828.8) 60.72 (18.29) 0.30 (7.62) 0.38 (9.65) 0.42 (10.67) 0.90 (22.8
...