iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D6389-99

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids

Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testing geotextiles for chemical resistance to liquids.
1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuring changes in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and other optional physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties caused by immersion in test liquids which may be representative of anticipated end-use conditions. This practice may be used to assess the extent to which a product's as-manufactured properties are affected by such immersion.
1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with either Practices D5322 or D5496. The scope of this practice is limited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed and exposed geotextile samples.
1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond the scope of this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-1999
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.02 - Endurance Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6389-99(2005) - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7931/D7931M-21a - Standard Guide for Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6917-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Referred By
ASTM D4884/D4884M-22 - Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999

Buy Standard

ASTM D6389-99 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to LiquidsASTM D6389-99 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D6389-99 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
English language
4 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6389–99
Standard Practice for
Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Bursting Strength Tester Method
D 3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-
1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testing
olefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
geotextiles for chemical resistance to liquids.
D 4439 Terminology for Geotextiles
1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuring
D 4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles
changes in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and other
by Permittivity
optional physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties caused
D 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of
by immersion in test liquids which may be representative of
Geotextiles
anticipated end-use conditions. This practice may be used to
D 4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles
assess the extent to which a product’s as-manufactured prop-
by the Wide-Width Strip Method
erties are affected by such immersion.
D 4603 Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of
1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with
Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) (PET)
either Practices D 5322 or D 5496.The scope of this practice is
D 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-
limited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed and
tion of Geotextiles
exposed geotextile samples.
D 4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) Flow
1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond the
Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
scope of this practice.
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 4751 TestMethodforDeterminingtheApparentOpening
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Size of a Geotextile
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related Products
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
D 5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness of
warning statements, see Section 7.
Geotextiles and Geomembranes
2. Referenced Documents
D 5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of
Geotextiles
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 5322 Practice for Immersion Procedures for Evaluating
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-
the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
tiles
D 5496 Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
thetics
D 1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by
D 5747 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-
Extrusion Plastometer
tance of Geomembranes to Liquids
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
D 5885 Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Poly-
D 3786 Test Method for Hydraulic Bursting Strength of
olefin Geosynthetics by High-Pressure Differential Scan-
Knitted Goods and Nonwoven Fabrics—Diaphragm
ning Calorimetry
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on Geosyn-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance
Properties. Discontinued 1996; Vol 07.02.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6389–99
dling hazardous waste, chemicals, and the immersion solutions. Protective
3. Terminology
equipment suitable for the chemicals being used must be worn by all
3.1 Definitions:
personnel handling or exposed to the chemicals. Particular care should be
3.1.1 chemical resistance, n—for geosynthetics, the extent
taken when opening storage vessels at elevated temperatures due to the
to which a material or product retains its as-manufactured
increased volatility of organics and the increased activity of acids and
physical and chemical characteristics when subjected to im- bases. Care also must be taken to prevent the spilling of hazardous
materials, and provisions must be made to clean up any accidental spills
mersion or contact with a foreign substance (see Practice
that occur.
D 5747).
7.1 Before carrying out any test, safety precautions and
3.1.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
polymeric material used with foundation soil, rock, earth, or disposal procedures for hazardous waste, chemicals, or immer-
sion liquids, and any contaminated geotextile materials should
any other geotechnical engineering related material as an
integral part of a manmade project, structure, or system (see be identified and implemented to provide full protection to all
personnel and to comply with applicable disposal regulations.
Terminology D 4439).
3.1.3 geotextile, n—any permeable textile used with foun-
8. Sampling
dation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical material as
an integral part of manmade product, structure, or system (see 8.1 Determine the number of the test specimens according
Terminology D 4439). to the requirements of the property monitoring test and the
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, number of test intervals.
refer to Terminologies D 123 and D 4439. 8.2 Cutindividualtestspecimensrandomlyintherollandin
the cross directions along the length of the roll of geotextile,
4. Summary of Practice
staying at least 150 mm away from the selvage.
8.3 Mix or shuffle specimens in a random fashion, keeping
4.1 This practice defines test methods and procedures for
the roll and cross roll specimens separate. From the shuffled
evaluating the resistance of geotextiles to liquid exposure by
specimens, select specimens for assignment to unexposed
monitoring physical and chemical properties of geotextiles
(baseline) testing and for immersion in the test liquid for
specimens immersed in a test liquid. The physical condition of
testing after exposure.
the geotextile is monitored as a function of cumulative expo-
sure time by means of dimensional measurements and physical
9. Conditioning
property tests.
9.1 Conditioning—Samples must be conditioned at a tem-
5. Significance and Use perature of 2162°C (7064°F) and a relative humidity between
50 and 70 % for a period not less than 40 h prior to weighing
5.1 This practice provides a test procedure for determining
or baseline testing and immersion, or a combination thereof.
the resistance of a geotextile with a liquid waste, leachate, or
9.2 Conditionthetestliquid,thatis,immersionliquid,inthe
chemical. This practice should be used in the absence of other
exposure tank, with stirring, as recommended in Practices
specifications required for the particular situation being ad-
D 5322 or D 5496, or both.
dressed.
5.2 The specification of test procedures in this practice is
10. Procedure
intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or
10.1 Immerse the samples in the liquid according to either
investigate the chemical resistance of a geotextile to a poten-
Practices D 5322 or D 5496.
tially harsh chemical environment.
10.2 Testing for Baseline Values—The unexposed speci-
5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessment
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D7007-24(Practice)
Standard Practices for Electrical Methods for Locating Leaks in Geomembranes Covered with Water or Earthen Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as impermeable barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose. For these reasons, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.  
4.2 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.  
4.3 The most significant causes of leaks in geomembranes that are covered with only water are related to construction activities, including pumps and equipment placed on the geomembrane, accidental punctures, and punctures caused by traffic over rocks or debris on the geomembrane or in the subgrade.  
4.4 The most significant cause of leaks in geomembranes covered with earthen materials is construction damage caused by machinery that occurs while placing the earthen material on the geomembrane. Such damage also can breach additional layers of the lining system such as geosynthetic clay liners.  
4.5 Electrical leak location methods are an effective final quality assurance measure to detect and locate leaks. If any of the requirements for survey area preparation is not adhered to, then leak sensitivity could be diminished. Optimal survey area conditions are described in Section 6.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover standard procedures for using electrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes covered with water or earthen materials. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.9).  
1.2 These practices are intended to ensure that leak location surveys are performed with a standardized level of leak detection capability. To allow further innovations, and because various leak location practitioners use a wide variety of procedures and equipment to perform these surveys, performance-based protocol are also used that specify minimum leak detection criteria.  
1.3 The survey shall then be conducted using the demonstrated equipment, procedures, and survey parameters. In the absence of the minimum signal strength during leak detection distance testing, a minimum measurement density specification is provided. Alternatively, the minimum measurement density may simply be used.  
1.4 Separate procedures are given for leak location surveys for geomembranes covered with water and for geomembranes covered with earthen materials. Separate procedures are given for leak detection distance tests using actual and artificial leaks.  
1.5 Examples of methods of data analysis for soil-covered surveys are provided as guidance in Appendix X1.  
1.6 Leak location surveys can be used on geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, and other containment facilities. The procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous material, and other electrically insulating materials.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 (Warning—The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location could use high voltages, resulting in the potential for electrical shock or electrocution. This hazard might be increased because operations might be conducted in or near water. In particular, a high voltage could exist between the water or earthen material and earth ground, or any grounded conductor. These procedures are potentially VERY DANGEROUS, and can re...

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4439-24(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7005/D7005M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of Geocomposites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is to be used as a quality control or quality assurance test. As a manufacturing quality control (MQC) test, it would generally be used by the geocomposite product manufacturer or fabricator. As a construction quality assurance (CQA) test, it would be used by certification or inspection organizations.  
5.2 This test method can also be used to verify if the adhesion or bond strength varies after exposure to various incubation media in durability or chemical resistance testing, or both.  
5.3 Whatever use is to be associated with the test, it should be understood that this is an index test.
Note 2: There have been numerous attempts to relate the results of this test to the interface shearing resistance of the respective materials determined per Test Method D5321/D5321M. To date, no relationships have been established between the two properties.  
5.4 Test Method D7005/D7005M for determining the bond strength (ply adhesion) strength may be used as an acceptance test of commercial shipments of geocomposites, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 are advisable.  
5.4.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using the procedure in Test Method D7005/D7005M for acceptance of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should first confirm that the tests were conducted using comparable test parameters including specimen conditioning, grip faces, grip size, etc. Comparative tests should then be conducted to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of the material in question. The test specimens should be randomly assigned to each laboratory for testing. The average results from ...
SCOPE
1.1 It has been widely discussed in the literature that bond strength of flexible multi-ply materials is difficult to measure with current technology. The above is recognized and accepted, since all known methods of measurement include the force required to bend the separated layers, in addition to that required to separate them. However, useful information can be obtained when one realizes that the bending force is included and that direct comparison between different materials, or even between the same materials of different thickness, cannot be made. Also, conditioning that affects the moduli of the plies will be reflected in the bond strength measurement.  
1.2 This index test method defines a procedure for comparing the bond strength or ply adhesion of geocomposites. The focus is on geotextiles bonded to geonets or other types of drainage cores, for example, geomats, geospacers, etc. Other possible uses are geotextiles adhered or bonded to themselves, geomembranes, geogrids, or other dissimilar materials. Various processes can make such laminates: adhesives, thermal bonding, stitch bonding, needling, spread coating, etc.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 11.1.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on ...

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4595/D4595M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the wide-width force-elongation properties of geotextiles provides design parameters for reinforcement type applications, for example, design of reinforced roadways/pavements, reinforced embankments over soft subgrades, reinforced soil retaining walls, and reinforcement of slopes. When strength is not necessarily a design consideration, an alternative test method may be used for acceptance testing. Test Method D4595/D4595M for the determination of the wide-width tensile properties of geotextiles may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete (Note 3). Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D4595/D4595M for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 Most geotextiles can be tested by this test method. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given geotextile depending upon its structure. Special clamping adaptions may be necessary with strong...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of geotextiles using a wide-width specimen tensile method. This test method is applicable to most geotextiles that include woven geotextiles, nonwoven geotextiles, layered fabrics, and knit fabrics that are used for geotextile applications.  
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of tensile strength and elongation of geotextiles and includes directions for the calculation of initial modulus, offset modulus, secant modulus, and breaking toughness.  
1.3 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet geotextiles by the wide-width method are included.  
1.4 The basic distinction between this test method and other methods for measuring strip tensile properties is the width of the specimen. Some fabrics used in geotextile applications have a tendency to contract (neck down) under a force in the gage length area. The greater width of the specimen specified in this test method minimizes the contraction effect of those fabrics and provides a closer relationship to expected geotextile behavior in the field and a standard comparison.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Developme...

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6637/D6637M-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the tensile force-elongation values of geogrids provides index property values. This test method shall be used for quality control and acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geogrids.  
5.2 In cases of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.3 All geogrids can be tested by any of these methods. Some modification of techniques may be necessary for a given geogrid depending upon its physical makeup. Special adaptations may be necessary with strong geogrids, multiple layered geogrids, or geogrids that tend to slip in the clamps or those which tend to be damaged by the clamps.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile strength properties of geogrids by subjecting strips of varying width to tensile loading.  
1.2 Three alternative procedures are provided to determine the tensile strength, as follows:  
1.2.1 Method A—Testing a single geogrid rib in tension (N or lbf).  
1.2.2 Method B—Testing multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).  
1.2.3 Method C—Testing multiple layers of multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).  
1.3 This test method is intended for quality control and conformance testing of geogrids.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5820-95(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual-Seamed Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual-track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams can be assessed for continuity and watertightness. The test is not intended to provide any indication of the physical strength of the seam.  
5.2 This practice recommends an air pressure test within the channel created between dual-seamed tracks whereby the presence of unbonded sections or channels, voids, nonhomogenities, discontinuities, foreign objects, and the like, in the seamed region can be identified.  
5.3 This technique is intended for use on seams between geomembrane sheets formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a nondestructive evaluation of the continuity of parallel geomembrane seams separated by an unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of seam can be evaluated by this practice more quickly than by other common nondestructive tests.  
1.2 This practice should not be used as a substitute for destructive testing. Used in conjunction with destructive testing, this method can provide additional information regarding the seams undergoing testing.  
1.3 This practice supercedes Practice D4437/D4437M for geomembrane seams that include an air channel. Practice D4437/D4437M may continue to be used for other types of seams. The user is referred to the referenced standards or to EPA/530/SW-91/051 for additional information regarding geomembrane seaming techniques and construction quality assurance.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7006-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice covers test arrangements, measurement techniques, sampling methods, and calculations to be used for nondestructive evaluation of geomembranes using ultrasonic testing.  
5.2 Wave velocity may be established for particular geomembranes (for specific polymer type, specific formulation, specific density). Relationships may be established between velocity and both density and tensile properties of geomembranes. An example of the use of ultrasound for determining density of polyethylene is presented in Test Method D4883. Velocity measurements may be used to determine thickness of geomembranes (1, 2).4 Travel time and amplitude of transmitted waves may be used to assess the condition of geomembranes and to identify defects in geomembranes including surface defects (for example, scratches, cuts), inner defects (for example, discontinuities within geomembranes), and defects that penetrate the entire thickness of geomembranes (for example, pinholes) (3, 4). Bonding between geomembrane sheets can be evaluated using travel time, velocity, or impedance measurements for seam assessment (5-10). Examples of the use of ultrasonic testing for determining the integrity of field and factory seams through travel time and velocity measurements (resulting in thickness measurements) are presented in Practices D4437 and D4545, respectively. An ultrasonic testing device is routinely used for evaluating seams in prefabricated bituminous geomembranes in the field (11). Integrity of geomembranes may be monitored in time using ultrasonic measurements.
Note 1: Differences may exist between ultrasonic measurements and measurements made using other methods due to differences in test conditions such as pressure applied and probe dimensions. An example is ultrasonic and mechanical thickness measurements.  
5.3 The method is applicable to testing both in the laboratory and in the field for parent material and seams. The test durations are very short as wave transmission through ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a summary of equipment and procedures for ultrasonic testing of geomembranes using the pulse echo method.  
1.2 Ultrasonic wave propagation in solid materials is correlated to physical and mechanical properties and condition of the materials. In ultrasonic testing, two wave propagation characteristics are commonly determined: velocity (based on wave travel time measurements) and attenuation (based on wave amplitude measurements). Velocity of wave propagation is used to determine thickness, density, and elastic properties of materials. Attenuation of waves in solid materials is used to determine microstructural properties of the materials. In addition, frequency characteristics of waves are analyzed to investigate the properties of a test material. Travel time, amplitude, and frequency distribution measurements are used to assess the condition of materials to identify damage and defects in solid materials. Ultrasonic measurements are used to determine the nature of materials/media in contact with a test specimen as well. Measurements are conducted in the time-domain (time versus amplitude) or frequency-domain (frequency versus amplitude).  
1.3 Measurements of one or more ultrasonic wave transmission characteristics are made based on the requirements of the specific testing program.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development ...

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5884/D5884M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.  
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7466/D7466M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Asperity Height of Textured Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The asperity height is an index property used to quantify one of the physical attributes related to the surface roughness of textured geomembranes.  
5.2 This test method is applicable to all currently available textured geomembranes that are deployed as manufactured geomembrane sheets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to measure the asperity height of textured geomembranes.  
1.2 This test method does not provide for measurement of the spacing between the asperities nor of the complete profile of the textured surface.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off