ASTM D4394-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading Method
Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Results of this type of test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. The resulting in situ elastic modulus is commonly less than the elastic modulus determined in the laboratory.
5.2 The modulus is determined using an elastic solution for a uniformly distributed load (uniform stress) over a circular area acting on a semi-infinite elastic medium that produces a constant normal displacement of the loaded surface area of the medium.
5.3 This test method is normally performed at ambient temperature, but equipment can be modified or substituted for operations at other temperatures.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design load and to diametrically opposite surfaces.
1.4 Both instantaneous deformation and primary creep can be obtained from this test method.
1.5 Time dependent tests can be performed and are discussed briefly here but are to be reported in another standard.
1.6 Observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.6.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4394 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass
1
Using Rigid Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific
precaution statements, see Section 8.
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
method.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modi-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fications it could be conducted at the surface.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or per-
2
pendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
design load and to diametrically opposite surfaces.
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.4 Both instantaneous deformation and primary creep can
D2113Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
be obtained from this test method.
Rock for Site Exploration
1.5 Time dependent tests can be performed and are dis-
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
cussed briefly here but are to be reported in another standard.
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.6 Observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D4395Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of
Practice D6026.
Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading
1.6.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
Method
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto D4403Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
D4879Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Under-
3
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this ground Openings in Rock (Withdrawn 2017)
standard is beyond its scope. D5079Practices for Preserving andTransporting Rock Core
3
Samples (Withdrawn 2017)
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D5434Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
of Soil and Rock
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
and are not considered standard.
Data
1.8 Thereferencesappendedtothisstandardcontainfurther
D6032Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designa-
information on this test method.
tion (RQD) of Rock Core
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4394–08. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D4394-17. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4394 − 17
3.1.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
Terminology, D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 deflection, n—movement of the rigid plate, mortar
pad, or rock in response to and in the same direction as t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4394 − 08 D4394 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass
1
Using Rigid Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of
deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications
it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design
load.load and to diametrically opposite surfaces.
1.4 Both instantaneous deformation and primary creep can be obtained from this test method.
1.5 Time dependent tests can be performed and are discussed briefly here but are to be reported in another standard.
1.6 Observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.6.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard
is beyond its scope.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Exploration
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4395 Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading Method
D4403 Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
3
D4879 Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Underground Openings in Rock (Withdrawn 2017)
3
D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples (Withdrawn 2017)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008July 1, 2017. Published August 2008August 2017. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20042008 as
D4394 – 04.D4394 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D4394-08.10.1520/D4394-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4394 − 17
D5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D6032 Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of Rock Core
3. Terminology
3.1 For terminology used
...
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