ASTM D6850-13
(Guide)Standard Guide for QC of Screening Methods in Water
Standard Guide for QC of Screening Methods in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Screening methods are often used to determine the presence or absence of a specific analyte, groups of analytes, classes of compounds or other indicators of chemical compounds in order to determine if further analysis or action is necessary. The determination whether to proceed with further action is useful in reducing the number of negative results for which the screening method serves as a surrogate.
4.2 The use of screening methods, whether to generate qualitative or semi-quantitative results, is increasingly becoming a useful tool for regulatory monitoring, process control, and site characterization. The appropriate use of a screening method, or any other method for that matter, is dependent upon the Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) that are defined by the user of the data.
4.3 Persons responsible for assessing the quality of the data generated by the use of screening methods should have detailed Quality Control guidelines by which to assess data quality.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the Quality Control practices for use with screening methods for organic and inorganic constituents in water. Methods are provided by various standard setting bodies, governmental agencies, as well as many domestic and international manufacturers.
1.2 This guide provides general QC procedures that are applicable to a broad range of screening methodologies. These procedures help to ensure the quality of data that is generated. Additional, method-specific or project specific requirements may be necessary. This guide also includes general considerations regarding proper utilization of screening methods.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6850 − 13
Standard Guide for
1
QC of Screening Methods in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 action level, n—a concentration of the analyte of
1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the Quality
concern at which some further action is required or suggested.
Control practices for use with screening methods for organic
and inorganic constituents in water. Methods are provided by
3.2.2 batch, n—a set (group) of samples analyzed along
variousstandardsettingbodies,governmentalagencies,aswell
with QC samples; the quality of the sample-set’s results is
as many domestic and international manufacturers.
indicated by the results from the QC samples.
1.2 This guide provides general QC procedures that are
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The number of samples in the batch is
applicable to a broad range of screening methodologies. These
defined by the task group responsible for the method. See
procedures help to ensure the quality of data that is generated.
PracticeD5847fordefinitionanddiscussionofbatchandbatch
Additional, method-specific or project specific requirements
size.
may be necessary. This guide also includes general consider-
3.2.3 false negative, n—a negative response for a sample
ations regarding proper utilization of screening methods.
that contains the target analyte(s) at or above the stated action
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
level.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.4 false positive, n—a positive response for a sample that
standard.
contains the target analyte(s) below the stated action level.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 qualitative method, n—a validated method that detects
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
presence or absence of an analyte at a specified screening limit.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.6 screening limit, n—the concentration of analyte that
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
can be determined with a given certainty.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.6.1 Discussion—The task group responsible for the
2
method establishes the value of the screening limit.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3.2.7 screening method, n—amethodthatisusedtoseparate
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
or categorize samples.
D5172 Guide for Documenting the Standard Operating Pro-
3.2.7.1 Discussion—An example would be a method that
cedures Used for the Analysis of Water
provides results that would be used to separate samples into:
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
(1) those that contain an analyte and (2) those that do not
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
contain and analyte above or below a specified action level.
D5905 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Wastewater
3.2.8 semi-quantitative method Type 1, n—a method whose
3. Terminology
results are given in specified, discreet concentration ranges.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
3.2.8.1 Discussion—Two types of examples of this method
refer to Terminology D1129 and Practice D5847.
would include semi-quantitative immunoassays or test strips.
The cutoff concentration of the ranges has been predefined.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in 3.2.9 semi-quantitative method Type 2, n—a method whose
Water.
results are reported as a single number along with the stated
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
uncertainty.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6850 – 03 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D6850-13.
3.2.9.1 Discussion—The uncertainty will be reported as
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(standard deviation of x at a concentration of y). The values of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
x and y can be established from the Initial Demonstration of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Performance study.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6850 − 03 (Reapproved 2008) D6850 − 13
Standard Guide for
1
QC of Screening Methods in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the Quality Control practices for use with screening methods for organic and
inorganic constituents in water. Methods are provided by various standard setting bodies, governmental agencies, as well as many
domestic and international manufacturers.
1.2 This guide provides general QC procedures that are applicable to a broad range of screening methodologies. These
procedures help to ensure the quality of data that is generated. Additional, method-specific or project specific requirements may
be necessary. This guide also includes general considerations regarding proper utilization of screening methods.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5172 Guide for Documenting the Standard Operating Procedures Used for the Analysis of Water
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D5905 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Wastewater
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D1129 and Practice D5847.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 action level, n—a concentration of the analyte of concern at which some further action is required or suggested.
3.2.2 batch, n—a set (group) of samples analyzed such that results of analysis of the QC samples analyzed with the batch are
indicative of the along with QC samples; the quality of the results of analysis of samples in the batch. The number of samples in
the batch is defined by the task group responsible for the method.sample-set’s results is indicated by the results from the QC
samples.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008Aug. 1, 2013. Published May 2008August 2013. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D6850 – 03.D6850 – 03 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/D6850-03R08.10.1520/D6850-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The number of samples in the batch is defined by the task group responsible for the method. See Practice D5847 for definition and
discussion of batch and batch size.
3.2.3 false negative, n—a negative response for a sample that contains the target analyte(s) at or above the stated action level.
3.2.4 false positive, n—a positive response for a sample that contains the target analyte(s) below the stated action level.
3.2.5 qualitative method, n—a validated method that detects presence or absence of an analyte at a specified screening limit.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6850 − 13
3.2.6 screening limit, n—the concentration of analyte that can be determined with a given certainty. The task group responsible
for the method establishes the determination of the screening limit.
3.2.6.1 Discussion—
The task group responsible for the method establishes the value of the screening limit.
3.2.7 screening method, n—a method that is used to separate or categorize samples.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—
An example would be a method that provides results that would be used to sepa
...
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