ASTM D3561-02

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Designation: D 3561 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium Ions in Brackish Water,
Seawater, and Brines by Atomic Absorption
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Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3561; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
lithium, potassium, and sodium ions in brackish water, seawa- method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
ter, and brines by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 Samplescontainingfrom0.1to70 000mg/Loflithium,
potassium, and sodium may be analyzed by this test method. 4.1 This test method is dependent on the fact that metallic
elements, in the ground state, will absorb light of the same
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with
artificial brine samples. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure wavelength they emit when excited. When radiation from a
given excited element is passed through a flame containing
the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the ground state atoms of that element, the intensity of the
transmitted radiation will decrease in proportion to the amount
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- of ground state element in the flame. A hollow cathode lamp
whose cathode is made of the element to be determined
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
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bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. provides the radiation. The metal atoms to be measured are
placed in the beam of radiation by aspirating the specimen into
2. Referenced Documents
an oxidant fuel flame. A monochromator isolates the charac-
2.1 ASTM Standards: teristic radiation from the hollow cathode lamp, and a photo-
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D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water sensitive device measures the attenuated transmitted radiation,
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D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water which may be read as absorbance units or directly as concen-
D2777 PracticefortheDeterminationofPrecisionandBias tration on some instruments.
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ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D-19 on Water 4.2 Since the variable and sometimes high concentrations of
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con- matrix materials in the waters and brines affect absorption
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duits differently,itisdifficulttopreparestandardssufficientlysimilar
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D 5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples to the waters and brines. To overcome this difficulty, the
D 5847 Standard Practice for the Writing Quality Control method of additions is used in which three identical samples
Specifications for StandardTest Methods forWaterAnaly- are prepared and varying amounts of a standard added to two
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sis of them. The three samples are then aspirated, the concentra-
tion readings recorded, and the original sample concentration
calculated.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water 5. Significance and Use
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
5.1 Identification of a brackish water, seawater, or brine is
in Water.
determined by comparison of the concentrations of their
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published April 2002. Originally
published as D 3561 – 77. Last previous edition D 3561 – 96.
dissolved constituents. The results are used to evaluate the
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Fletcher, G. F. and Collins, A. G., Atomic Absorption Methods of Analysis of
Oilfield Brines: Barium, Calcium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Lithium, Magnesium,
Manganese, Potassium, Sodium, Strontium, and Zinc, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report
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of Investigations 7861, 1974, 14 pp. Collins,A. G. Geochemistry of OilfieldWaters, Angino, E. E., and Billings, G. K., Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry in
Elsevier, New York, NY 1975. Geology, Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, NY 1967. Dean, J. A., and Rains, T.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.01. C., Editors, Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Vol 1, Theory,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.02. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY 1969.
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D 3561 – 02
water as a possible pollutant, or as a commercial source of a 8.5 Potassium Solution, Standard (1 mL = 1 mg K)—
valuable constituent such as lithium. Dissolve 1.907 g of potassium c
...