ASTM C1499-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
Standard Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization and design code or model verification.
Engineering applications of ceramics frequently involve biaxial tensile stresses. Generally, the resistance to equibiaxial flexure is the measure of the least flexural strength of a monolithic advanced ceramic. The equibiaxial flexural strength distributions of ceramics are probabilistic and can be described by a weakest link failure theory, (1, 2) . Therefore, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical estimation or' the equibiaxial strength.
Equibiaxial strength tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under multiple tensile stresses. Multiaxial stress states are required to effectively evaluate failure theories applicable to component design, and to efficiently sample surfaces that may exhibit anisotropic flaw distributions. Equibiaxial tests also minimize the effects of test specimen edge preparation as compared to uniaxial tests because the generated stresses are lowest at the test specimen edges.
The test results of equibiaxial test specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material and/or selected portions of a component may not totally represent the strength properties in the entire, full-size component or its in-service behavior in different environments.
For quality control purposes, results derived from standardized equibiaxial test specimens may be considered indicative of the response of the bulk material from which they were taken for any given primary processing conditions and post-processing heat treatments or exposures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the equibiaxial strength of advanced ceramics at ambient temperature via concentric ring configurations under monotonic uniaxial loading. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes, testing rates, allowable deflection, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Two types of test specimens are considered: machined test specimens and as-fired test specimens exhibiting a limited degree of warpage. Strength as used in this test method refers to the maximum strength obtained under monotonic application of load. Monotonic loading refers to a test conducted at a constant rate in a continuous fashion, with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.
1.2 This test method is intended primarily for use with advanced ceramics that macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior. While this test method is intended for use on monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior, and the application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1499 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced
1
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheequibi-
C1145Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
axialstrengthofadvancedceramicsatambienttemperaturevia
C1239Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
concentric ring configurations under monotonic uniaxial load-
Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters forAdvanced
ing. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing
Ceramics
modes, testing rates, allowable deflection, and data collection
C1259Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
and reporting procedures are addressed. Two types of test
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio forAdvanced Ceramics by
specimens are considered: machined test specimens and as-
Impulse Excitation of Vibration
fired test specimens exhibiting a limited degree of warpage.
C1322Practice for Fractography and Characterization of
Strength as used in this test method refers to the maximum
Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
strength obtained under monotonic application of load. Mono-
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
tonic loading refers to a test conducted at a constant rate in a
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
continuous fashion, with no reversals from test initiation to
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
final fracture.
someter Systems
1.2 This test method is intended primarily for use with E337Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
advanced ceramics that macroscopically exhibit isotropic, chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
peratures)
homogeneous, continuous behavior. While this test method is
intended for use on monolithic advanced ceramics, certain F394Test Method for Biaxial Flexure Strength (Modulus of
Rupture) of Ceramic Substrates (Discontinued 2001)
whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as
3
(Withdrawn 2001)
certaindiscontinuousfiber-reinforcedcompositeceramicsmay
IEEE/ASTM SI 10Standard for Use of the International
also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally,
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
continuous fiber ceramic composites do not macroscopically
exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior, and the
3. Terminology
application of this test method to these materials is not
recommended.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to biaxial testing
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
appearing in Terminology E6 and Terminology C1145 may
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
applytothetermsusedinthistestmethod.Pertinentdefinitions
standard.
are listed below with the appropriate source given in parenthe-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ses.Additionaltermsusedinconjunctionwiththistestmethod
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are defined in the following section.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 advanced ceramic, n—highly engineered, high perfor-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mance predominately non- metallic, inorganic, ceramic mate-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rial having specific functional attributes. C1145
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Mechanical Properties and Performance. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1499–08. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/C1499-09. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1499 − 09
3.1.3 breaking load, [F], n—load at which fracture occurs. taken for any given primary processing conditions and post-
E6 processing heat treatments or exposures.
3.1.4 equibiaxial flexural strength, [F/L ], n—maximum
2
5. Interferences
stre
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1499–08 Designation:C1499–09
Standard Test Method for
Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced
1
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the equibiaxial strength of advanced ceramics at ambient temperature via
concentric ring configurations under monotonic uniaxial loading. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes,
testing rates, allowable deflection, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Two types of test specimens are
considered: machined test specimens and as-fired test specimens exhibiting a limited degree of warpage. Strength as used in this
test method refers to the maximum strength obtained under monotonic application of load. Monotonic loading refers to a test
conducted at a constant rate in a continuous fashion, with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.
1.2 Thistestmethodisintendedprimarilyforusewithadvancedceramicsthatmacroscopicallyexhibitisotropic,homogeneous,
continuous behavior. While this test method is intended for use on monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or
particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these
macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic,
homogeneous, continuous behavior, and the application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
C 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters forAdvanced Ceramics
C 1259 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio forAdvanced Ceramics by Impulse
Excitation of Vibration
C 1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
F 394 Test Method for Biaxial Flexure Strength (Modulus of Rupture) of Ceramic Substrates (Discontinued 2001)
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to biaxial testing appearing inTerminology E 6 andTerminology C 1145 may
apply to the terms used in this test method. Pertinent definitions are listed below with the appropriate source given in parentheses.
Additional terms used in conjunction with this test method are defined in the following section.
3.1.1 advanced ceramic, n—highly engineered, high performance predominately non- metallic, inorganic, ceramic material
having specific functional attributes. C 1145
3.1.2 breaking load, [F], n—load at which fracture occurs. E6
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved Aug.May 1, 2008.2009. Published September 2008.June 2009. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20052008 as
C 1499 – 058.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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