ASTM E473-99

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 473 – 99
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
1. Scope
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms
controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating or
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis. This
cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either
isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere
(or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external action
intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
(depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time)
thermal analysis.
during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
1.2 This terminolgy specifically supports the single-word
controlled-temperature program.
form for terms using thermoas a prefix, such as thermoanalyti-
cal or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some curve, thermal, n—the plot of a parameter against temperature
or time. (ICTAC) (1993)
terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis.
This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use dielectric thermal analysis, (DETA or DEA), n—a technique
in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or capacitance)
of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using ther-
malas a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagne- and dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under
oscillating electric field are measured as a function of
tometry.
1.3 Definitions that are similar to those published by another temperature or time while the substance is subjected to a
controlled-temperature program in a specified atmophere.
standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name
of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International (ICTAC) (1993)
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor- cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and
the year of the last review or revision is appended. measureable quantities usually between a substance and
some reference or standard material.
2. Terminology
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), n—A technique in
which the difference into a substance and a reference
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
material is measured as a function of temperature while the
different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1993)
substance and reference material are subjected to a
controlled-rate thermal analysis, (CRTA), n—a family of
controlled-temperature program. (ICTAC) (1993)
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a
NOTE 3—The record is the differential scanning calorimetric or DSC
property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1993)
curve. Two modes, power compensation differential scanning calorimetry,
and heat flux differential scanning calorimetry can be distinguished,
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the
depending on the method of measurement used.
reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become
limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to
differential thermal analysis (DTA), n—A technique in which
involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also
the temperature difference between the substance and a
improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled
reference material is measured as a function of temperature,
rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate
while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
of mass loss (or gain).
controlled-temperature program. (ICTAC) (1993)
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history
NOTE 4—The term quantitative differential thermal analysis covers
experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
those uses of DTA where the equipment is designed to produce quantita-
analysis experiment.
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