ASTM D6641/D6641M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined Loading Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined Loading Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce compressive property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. When tabbed (Procedure B) specimens, typically unidirectional composites, are tested, the CLC test method (combined shear end loading) has similarities to Test Methods D3410/D3410M (shear loading) and D695 (end loading). When testing lower strength materials such that untabbed CLC specimens can be used (Procedure A), the benefits of combined loading become particularly prominent. It may not be possible to successfully test untabbed specimens of these same materials using either of the other two methods. When specific laminates are tested (primarily of the [90/0]ns family, although other laminates containing at least one 0° ply can be used), the CLC data are frequently used to “back out” 0° ply strength, using lamination theory to calculate a 0° unidirectional lamina strength (1, 2). Factors that influence the compressive response include: type of material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Composite properties in the test direction that may be obtained from this test method include:
5.1.1 Ultimate compressive strength,
5.1.2 Ultimate compressive strain,
5.1.3 Compressive (linear or chord) modulus of elasticity, and
5.1.4 Poisson's ratio in compression.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the compressive strength and stiffness properties of polymer matrix composite materials using a combined loading compression (CLC) (1)2 test fixture. This test method is applicable to general composites that are balanced and symmetric. The specimen may be untabbed (Procedure A) or tabbed (Procedure B), as required. One requirement for a successful test is that the specimen ends do not crush during the test. Untabbed specimens are usually suitable for use with materials of low orthotropy, for example, fabrics, chopped fiber composites, and laminates with a maximum of 50 % 0° plies, or equivalent (see 6.4). Materials of higher orthotropy, including unidirectional composites, typically require tabs.
1.2 The compressive force is introduced into the specimen by combined end- and shear-loading. In comparison, Test Method D3410/D3410M is a pure shear-loading compression test method and Test Method D695 is a pure end-loading test method.
1.3 Unidirectional (0° ply orientation) composites as well as multi-directional composite laminates, fabric composites, chopped fiber composites, and similar materials can be tested.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the test the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
Note 1: Additional procedures for determining the compressive properties of polymer matrix composites may be found in Test Methods D3410/D3410M, D5467/D5467M, and D695.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6641/D6641M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials Using a Combined Loading Compression (CLC)
1
Test Fixture
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6641/D6641M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method determines the compressive strength
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and stiffness properties of polymer matrix composite materials
2 priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
using a combined loading compression (CLC) (1) test fixture.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This test method is applicable to general composites that are
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
balanced and symmetric. The specimen may be untabbed
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(Procedure A) or tabbed (Procedure B), as required. One
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
requirement for a successful test is that the specimen ends do
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
not crush during the test. Untabbed specimens are usually
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
suitable for use with materials of low orthotropy, for example,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fabrics, chopped fiber composites, and laminates with a maxi-
mum of 50 % 0° plies, or equivalent (see 6.4). Materials of
2. Referenced Documents
higher orthotropy, including unidirectional composites, typi-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cally require tabs.
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
1.2 The compressive force is introduced into the specimen
Plastics
by combined end- and shear-loading. In comparison, Test
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
Method D3410/D3410M is a pure shear-loading compression
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
test method and Test Method D695 is a pure end-loading test
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
method.
Gage Section by Shear Loading
1.3 Unidirectional (0° ply orientation) composites as well as
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
multi-directional composite laminates, fabric composites,
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
chopped fiber composites, and similar materials can be tested.
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
Composite Materials
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D5379/D5379M Test Method for Shear Properties of Com-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the test the
posite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
D5467/D5467M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Us-
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
ing a Sandwich Beam
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
standard.
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
NOTE 1—Additional procedures for determining the compressive prop-
tion
erties of polymer matrix composites may be found in Test Methods
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
D3410/D3410M, D5467/D5467M, and D695.
ing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on
Lamina and Laminate Test Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
3
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6641/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ɛ2
D6641M – 16 . DOI: 10.1520/D6641_D6641M-23. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
test method. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´2
Designation: D6641/D6641M − 16 D6641/D6641M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials Using a Combined Loading Compression (CLC)
1
Test Fixture
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6641/D6641M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—A label in Figure 3 was corrected editorially in March 2017.
2
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to the adjunct information in March 2021.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the compressive strength and stiffness properties of polymer matrix composite materials using a
2
combined loading compression (CLC) (1) test fixture. This test method is applicable to general composites that are balanced and
symmetric. The specimen may be untabbed (Procedure A) or tabbed (Procedure B), as required. One requirement for a successful
test is that the specimen ends do not crush during the test. Untabbed specimens are usually suitable for use with materials of low
orthotropy, for example, fabrics, chopped fiber composites, and laminates with a maximum of 50 % 0° plies, or equivalent (see
6.4). Materials of higher orthotropy, including unidirectional composites, typically require tabs.
1.2 The compressive force is introduced into the specimen by combined end- and shear-loading. In comparison, Test Method
D3410/D3410M is a pure shear-loading compression test method and Test Method D695 is a pure end-loading test method.
1.3 Unidirectional (0° ply orientation) composites as well as multi-directional composite laminates, fabric composites, chopped
fiber composites, and similar materials can be tested.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the test the inch-pound
units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
NOTE 1—Additional procedures for determining the compressive properties of polymer matrix composites may be found in Test Methods
D3410/D3410M, D5467/D5467M, and D695.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on Lamina and
Laminate Test Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Nov. 15, 2023. Published November 2016December 2023. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20142016
ɛ2
as D6641/D6641MD6641/D6641M – 16 -14. DOI: 10.1520/D6641_D6641M-16E02. DOI: 10.1520/D6641_D6641M-23.
2
Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6641/D6641M − 23
FIG. 1 Photograph of a Typical Combined Loading Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage
Section by Shear Loading
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5379/D5379M Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method
D5467/D5467M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a
Sandwich Beam
D5687/D568
...
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