ASTM D2060-00

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D2060–00
Standard Test Methods for
Measuring Zipper Dimensions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 2058 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
Drycleaning
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the
D 2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray
dimensions of all types and sizes of zippers.
(Fog)
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:
D 2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers
Sections
D 2062 Test Methods for Operability of Zippers
Chain Flatness 34-39
Chain Straightness 40-44
D 2724 Test Methods for Bonded and Laminated Apparel
Chain Thickness 28-33
Fabrics
Length of Zipper or Parts 9-14
D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens
Longitudinal Dimensional Change 45-52
Slider Mouth Width 21-27
Required to Determine the Average Quality of Textiles
Tape Width 15-20
D 3657 Specification for Zipper Dimensions
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall D 3692 Practice for Selection of Zippers for Care-Labeled
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
Apparel and Household Furnishings
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
must be used independently of the other, without combining
Ventilation Ovens
values in any way.
2.2 AATCC Method:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
AATCC 143 Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile End
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Products After Repeated Home Launderings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.3 Military Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
MIL-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by Attributes
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to zippers
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-
used in these test methods, refer to Terminology D 2050. For
tiles definitions of other textile terms, refer to Terminology D 123.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Materials
4. Significance and Use
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
D 2050 Terminology Relating to Zippers 4.1 The significance of specific tests is discussed in the
D 2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to appropriate sections.
Laundering 4.2 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac-
D 2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry- ceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test
cleaning methods have been used extensively in the trade for this
D 2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Light purpose, and because current estimates of between-laboratory
D 2054 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes to precision are acceptable in most cases.
Crocking
4.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
D 2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun- reported test results when using Test Methods D 2060 for
dering
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
1 3
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassemblies Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
and were developed in cooperation with the Slide Fastener Assn., Inc. Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
published as D 2060 – 61 T. Last previous edition D 2060 – 95. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2060
plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
quality level, and limiting quality level.
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
5.2 Laboratory Sample and Test Specimens—As a labora-
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
tory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of zippers
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
specified in Section 7 at random from each container in the lot
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
sample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample and
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
the test specimens.
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
6. Test Specimen
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias if found, either
6.1 The test specimen shall consist of a completely as-
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
sembled zipper or length of chain.
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of
the known bias.
7. Number of Specimens
4.3 The test method(s) in these test methods, along with
7.1 All Properties Except Slider Mouth Width—Take a
those in Test Methods D 2051, D 2052, D 2053, D 2054,
number of zippers per individual container from each shipping
D 2057, D 2058, D 2059, D 2061, and D 2062, are a collection
carton such that the user may expect at the 90 % probability
of proven test methods. They can be used as aids in the
level that the test result for an individual container is no more
evaluation of zippers without the need for a thorough knowl-
than the amounts shown in Table 1, above or below the true
edge of zippers. The enumerated test methods do not provide
average for the individual container. Determine the number of
for the evaluation of all zipper properties. Besides those
zippers per individual container as follows:
properties measured by means of the enumerated test methods
there are other properties that may be important for the
7.1.1 Reliable Estimate of s or v—When there is a reliable
satisfactory performance of a zipper. Test methods for measur-
estimate of s or v based upon extensive past records for similar
ing those properties have not been published either because no
materials tested in the user’s laboratory as directed in these test
practical methods have yet been developed or because a valid
methods, calculate n using the equations in Table 1 which are
evaluation of the information resulting from existing unpub-
based on (Eq 1) or (Eq 2):
lished methods requires an intimate and thorough knowledge
2 2
t 3 s
of zippers.
n 5 (1)
E
5. Sampling
2 2
5.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
t 3 v
n 5 (2)
take at random the number of individual containers from each
A
shipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-
where:
cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the
n = number of specimens (rounded upward to a whole
supplier. Consider individual containers from each shipping
number),
carton to be the primary sampling units.
s = reliable estimate of the standard deviation of individual
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
observations in the user’s laboratory under conditions
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
of single-operator precision,
shipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a sampling
TABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Known and Unknown Variability in User’s Laboratory Units as Indicated
No Reliable Estimate of s
Allowable Var- Equation for n Using
or v
Property iation (Two- a Reliable Estimate
Number of
Sided) of s or v A
Basis
Specimens
Length, assembled zipper, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 0.70
Length, chain, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 0.39
Length, top tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 4.56
Length, bottom tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 3 9.09
Length, opening, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 0.87
Effective tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 2.34
Full tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 2.51
Chain thickness, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 0.64
1 2
Chain straightness, ⁄32-in. increments 1.0 n = 2.71 3 s 1 0.59
Wet dimensional change, home laundry, 0.200 n = 67.6 3 s 17 0.49
percentage points
Wet dimensional change, launder-ometer, 0.200 n = 67.6 3 s 12 0.41
percentage points
Dimensional change in dry heat, 0.200 n = 67.6 3 s 10 0.38
percentage points
A
The values of s or v in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will usually be found in practice (see 7.1.2).
D2060
but not the overhang of the fixed retainer. For the top end, the zipper
v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of
extremitiesarethetopofthetopstop,ortopofthelastelement,whichever
individual observations in the user’s laboratory under
is the extreme for both nonseparable and separable zippers.
conditions of single-operator precision,
12.2 Length of Chain—Place the closed chain, without
t = 1.645, the value of Student’s t for infinite degrees of
tension, flat on a horizontal working surface, aligning the chain
freedom, for two-sided limits, and a 90 % probability
over a straight reference line on the working surface. Place the
level (t = 2.706), E and A = values of the allowable
2 2 2 2
scale on one stringer flush alongside the outer edge of the
variations listed in Table 1, and t /E and t /A = the
interlockable elements or the outer edge of the bead if the bead
basis for calculation of the constants in the equations in
extends beyond the elements. Measure the distance between
Table 1.
the extreme ends of the chain to the nearest 1 mm or ⁄32 in.
7.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of s or v— When there is no
12.3 Length of Tape End—Place the closed zipper, without
reliable estimate of s or v for the user’s laboratory, (Eq 1) or
tension, flat on a horizontal working surface, aligning the chain
(Eq 2) should not be used directly. Instead, specify the number
over a straight reference line on the working surface. Place the
of specimens shown in Table 1. This number of specimens is
end of the scale against the outermost surface of the outermost
calculated using values of s or v, which are listed in Table 1,
stationary component. Measure to the nearest 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in.
and that are somewhat larger values of s or v than are usually
the tape end length along the cord to the outermost point of the
found in practice. When a reliable estimate of s or v for
pinked or straight-cut edge. In a case where the lengths of the
dimensional change or length of bottom end in the user’s
tape ends on the two stringers are different, measure the length
laboratory becomes available, the equations in Table 1, which
of the shorter tape end. This test method is not applicable to
are based on (Eq 1) and (Eq 2), will usually specify fewer
tape ends that are cut or pinked on a diagonal in excess of 5°
specimens than are listed in Table 1 for the condition when
in either direction.
there is no reliable estimate of s or v.
12.4 Effective Length of Opening, Completely Assembled
7.2 Slider Mouth Width—Unless otherwise agreed upon, as
Zipper—Place the closed zipper, without tension, flat on a
when specified in an applicable material specification, take one
horizontal working surface, aligning the chain over a straight
specimen per lot.
reference line on the working surface. With a sharp-pointed
8. Conditioning
pencil, make a reference mark even with the top of the slider.
Move the slider to the extreme open position and make another
8.1 FortestsmadeasdirectedinSections12,18,37,41,and
reference mark even with the top of the slider. Measure the
49, bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium for testing in
distance between the marks to the nearest 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in.
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in
This test method is not applicable to separable zippers.
Practice D 1776. Preconditioning is not required.
8.2 For tests made as directed in Sections 25 and 31,
13. Report
specimens need not be preconditioned nor conditioned.
13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in
LENGTH OF ZIPPER OR PARTS Sections 9-14 of Test Methods D 2060. Describe the material
or product sampled and the method of sampling used.
9. Summary of Test Method
13.2 Report the following information:
9.1 The chain or zipper is placed on a flat surface and, with 13.2.1 The specific property (or properties) measured,
the aid of a suitable scale, the length of the zipper or desired
13.2.2 Number and description, of specimens tested, and
zipper part is determined. 13.2.3 Measured length of each specimen.
14. Precision and Bias
10. Significance and Use
14.1 Precision—See Section 53.
10.1 These measurements are useful in determining con-
14.1.1 Precisionofthetestmethodisrelatedtothecarewith
formance with a purchasing specification and suitability for
which the operator reads the 1.0-mm ( ⁄32-in.) increments on
end use products using zippers.
the scale. The test method, though employing measurement of
11. Apparatus
avariable,isreallydescriptiveratherthanquantitative.Thetest
method has been found satisfactory in commercial use for
11.1 Scale, graduated in 0.5 mm or ⁄64 in.
determining conformity to an established specification.
12. Procedure
14.2 Bias—The procedure in Test Methods D 2060 for
measuring the length of zipper parts has no known bias.
12.1 Length of Completely Assembled Zipper—Place the
closed zipper flat on a horizontal working surface without
TAPE WIDTH
tension, aligning the chain over a straight reference line on the
working surface. Make marks on the working surface corre-
15. Summary of Test Method
sponding to the zipper extremities. Remove the zipper and,
15.1 The chain or zipper is placed on a flat horizontal
using the scale, measure the distance between the marks to the
surface and, with the aid of a scale, the tape width is measured.
nearest 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in.
16. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—For the bottom end, the zipper extremities are the bottom of
16.1 These measurem
...