ASTM E345-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design.
4.2 The results of tension tests from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility of the entire end product of its in-service behavior in different environments.
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since the methods have been used extensively for these purposes.
4.4 Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility of materials through the measurement of elongation or reduction of area. However, as specimen thickness is reduced, tension tests may become less useful for determining ductility. For these purposes Test Method E796 is an alternative procedure for measuring ductility.
4.5 Different industries differentiate between foil and sheet at different thicknesses.
Note 1: In 2013, to harmonize with international standards, the Aluminum Association revised its definition of foil to include thicknesses less than or equal to 0.2 mm (0.008 in.).
4.6 This standard differs from Test Methods E8/E8M in that it permits determining the specimen thickness by weighing (7.3) and determining the elongation from crosshead displacement for some specimens (7.8).
4.7 It is impossible for this standard to define the thickness range for every possible alloy where this standard should be used instead of Test Methods E8/E8M or other tensile test standards. Superior results for a specific alloy and thickness could be obtained by measuring the specimen thickness by weighing (7.3) to avoid damaging the material and to obtain sufficient accuracy. In addition, it may be acceptable for a given alloy and thickness to determine the elongation from crosshead displacement in cases where conventional extensometers that contact the specimen or...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic foil at room temperature. Exception to these methods may be necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E345 − 24
Standard Test Methods of
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E252 Test Method for Thickness of Foil, Thin Sheet, and
Film by Mass Measurement
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic
E796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
foil at room temperature. Exception to these methods may be
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a
E2309 Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring
particular material.
Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3. Terminology
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
3.1 Refer to Terminology E6 for the definitions of the
tion only and are not considered standard.
following terms used in this standard: accuracy, ductility,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
elongation, elongation after fracture, elongation at fracture,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
extensometer, gauge length, length of the reduced parallel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
section, reduced parallel section, reduction of area, stress-strain
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
diagram, tensile strength, yield strength, and upper yield
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strength.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
development, quality control, and design.
4.2 The results of tension tests from selected portions of a
2. Referenced Documents
part or material may not totally represent the strength and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ductility of the entire end product of its in-service behavior in
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
different environments.
Materials
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac-
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
ceptance testing of commercial shipments, since the methods
ing Machines
have been used extensively for these purposes.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma- 4.4 Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility
terials of materials through the measurement of elongation or reduc-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to tion of area. However, as specimen thickness is reduced,
Determine Conformance with Specifications tension tests may become less useful for determining ductility.
For these purposes Test Method E796 is an alternative proce-
dure for measuring ductility.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
4.5 Different industries differentiate between foil and sheet
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
Uniaxial Testing. at different thicknesses.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
NOTE 1—In 2013, to harmonize with international standards, the
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E345 – 16. DOI:
Aluminum Association revised its definition of foil to include thicknesses
10.1520/E0345-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E345 − 16 E345 − 24
Standard Test Methods of
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic foil at room temperature. Exception to these methods may be
necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E252 Test Method for Thickness of Foil, Thin Sheet, and Film by Mass Measurement
3
E796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil (Withdrawn 2009)
E2309 Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in Refer to Terminology E6 apply to the for the definitions of
the following terms used in these methods of tension testing.this standard: accuracy, ductility, elongation, elongation after fracture,
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial
Testing.
Current edition approved July 15, 2016Jan. 1, 2024. Published August 2016February 2024. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20132016 as
ɛ1
E345 – 93 (2013)E345 – 16. . DOI: 10.1520/E0345-16.10.1520/E0345-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E345 − 24
elongation at fracture, extensometer, gauge length, length of the reduced parallel section, reduced parallel section, reduction of
area, stress-strain diagram, tensile strength, yield strength, and upper yield strength.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information
may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design.
4.2 The results of tension tests from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility of
the entire end product of its in-service behavior in different environments.
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since the methods have been
used extensively for these purposes.
4.4 Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility of materials through the measurement of elongation or reduction of
area. However, as specimen
...
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