ASTM D7762-18e1

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D7762 − 18
Standard Practice for
Design of Stabilization of Soil and Soil-Like Materials with
Self-Cementing Fly Ash
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7762; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected units of measurement statement in June 2021.
1. Scope with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the design of stabi-
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
lizationofsoilandsoil-likematerialsusingself-cementingcoal
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
fly ash for roadway applications, treatment of expansive
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
subgrade or organic subgrade, and limiting settlement of fills
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
below buildings. The coal fly ash covered in this method
title of this document means only that the document has been
includes self-cementing fly ashes described in Specification
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
D5239.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 The testing and engineering practices for self-cementing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
coal fly ash are similar to generally accepted practices for soil
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
stabilization with fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 The test methods in this practice are applicable to the mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
characterization of mechanical properties of in situ mixed
self-cementing fly ash stabilized materials. Follow Practice
2. Referenced Documents
D75/D75M for sampling purposes. There are other related fly
ash stabilization standards. Practice D5239 can be used to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
characterize the general types of fly ash for use in soil
C593 Specification for FlyAsh and Other Pozzolans for Use
stabilization. Specification C593 can be used to evaluate the
With Lime for Soil Stabilization
performance of fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime
C597 Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete
soil stabilization. Guide E2277 can be used to characterize
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
properties of fly ash and bottom ash in structural fills and
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
related design and construction considerations.
Fluids
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
as standard. No other units of measure are included in this
kN-m/m ))
standard.
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1883 Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4609 GuideforEvaluatingEffectivenessofAdmixturesfor
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
Soil Stabilization (Withdrawn 2017)
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
D5102 Test Methods for Unconfined Compressive Strength
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.14 on Geotechnics of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Sustainable Construction. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7762–11. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7762-18E01. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7762 − 18
of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures (Withdrawn 2018) the construction procedure used. The selection of appropriate
D5239 Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil materials, applicable tests, acceptance criteria, and specifica-
Stabilization (Withdrawn 2021) tion is the responsibility of the design engineer.
D5918 Test Methods for Frost Heave and Thaw Weakening
4.4 The test methods in this practice are intended for the
Susceptibility of Soils
determination of mechanical properties of FASM. The charac-
E2201 Terminology for Coal Combustion Products
terization of mechanical property improvement with self-
E2277 Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash
cementing fly ash will assist in the evaluation of the fly ash
Structural Fills
stabilized materials.
2.2 AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and
4.5 The use of self-cementing fly ash in geotechnical
Transportation Offıcials) Standard:
engineering applications may be regulated by state and local
AASHTO T 307 Standard Method of Test for Determining
codes. The codes should be consulted.
the Resilient Modulus of Soils and Aggregate Materials
2.3 TRB (Transportation Research Board) Standard:
5. Stabilization Applications
NCHRP 1-28A Harmonized Test Method for Laboratory
Determination of Resilient Modulus for Flexible Pave-
5.1 General—High calcium oxide content and self-
ment Design
cementing properties of subbituminous coal fly ash (self-
2.4 ACAA (American Coal Ash Association) Soil Stabiliza-
cementing fly ash) can be used effectively in stabilization, such
tion Manual:
as drying wet soils to facilitate compaction and increase
Soil Stabilization and Pavement Recycling with Self-
subgrade support, improving stiffness and strength and reduc-
Cementing Coal Fly Ash
ing compressibility of both cohesive soils and granular mate-
rials. However, the effectiveness depends on specific material
3. Terminology
tobestabilizedandspecificflyashandhastobedeterminedon
3.1 Definitions:
a case-specific basis.
3.1.1 For definitions related to coal combustion products,
5.2 Stabilization of Fine-Grained Soils—In the fly ash
refer to Terminology E2201. For definitions of common
stabilization of fine-grained soils, flocculation, agglomeration,
technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
and cementitious reactions may occur. Self-cementing coal fly
4. Significance and Use
ashhasbeendemonstratedtobeaneffectivestabilizationagent
for a range of fine-grained soils in increasing subgrade support
4.1 Self-cementing coal fly ashes are suitable materials for
capacity for pavements, in reducing swelling potential of
the stabilization of soils, recycled pavement materials and road
expansive soils, in increasing shear strength of organic soils
surface gravel. Fly ash stabilization can result in improved
and fine-grained soils, and in reducing the compressibility of
properties, including increased stiffness, strength and freeze-
fills under foundations. The fly ash stabilized section also
thaw durability; reduced hydraulic conductivity, plasticity, and
provides a more stable platform (working platform) during
swelling; and increased control of soil compressibility and
pavement construction over very soft subgrades. Such stabi-
moisture. Fly ash stabilized materials (FASM) may be used in
lized subgrade working platforms can be treated as a subbase
roadway construction, such as working platforms during
section in the pavement thickness design.
construction, stabilized subgrade, subbase, and base layers. Fly
ash stabilization can also be used in limiting settlement of fills
5.3 Stabilization of Coarse-Grained Materials—In coarse-
below buildings.
grained materials, such as aggregate base, gravels, recycled
pavement materials, recycled road surface gravel, cementation
4.2 This practice is intended for use with self-cementing fly
ashthatcanbeusedindividuallyoralongwithotherstabilizing through pozzolanic reactions and hydration within the self-
cementing coal fly ash can cause strength gain and enhance
admixtures to improve soil properties.
durability.Thereactionratedependsontheself-cementingcoal
4.3 The practice describes the unique design considerations
fly ash used.
that may apply to stabilization of soils and soil-like materials
with self-cementing coal fly ash. The requirements for stabili-
5.4 Pavement Recycling: Full Depth Reclamation—
zation of specific materials may vary due to local conditions or Recycling or reclaiming existing flexible pavements with
the intended use of the stabilized material, or both.
self-cementing fly ash as a stabilizing agent has been demon-
4.3.1 This practice is not intended to limit the flexibility of strated to be an efficient and economical method of pavement
design in stabilization. The degree of success attained in
rehabilitation for roadways. The process is accomplished by
stabilization with coal fly ash is highly dependent on the pulverizing the entire pavement section down to the subgrade
particular combination of soil, fly ash, and other additives and
and stabilizing the pulverized mixture by adding self-
cementing coal fly ash and water (as needed). The recycled
4 section provides an enhanced base for a new hot mix asphalt
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
(HMA) wearing surface. Self-cementing fly ash stabilized
Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
recycled sections have structural capacities (enhanced modulus
National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research
and reduced plastic deformations), which are considerably
Board, Washington, DC.
better than a crushed-stone aggregate base and can be equiva-
AmericanCoalAshAssociationEducationalFoundation,15200E.GirardAve.,
Suite 3050, Aurora, Colorado 80014-3955. lent to an asphaltic concrete base section.
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D7762 − 18
5.5 Gravel Road Recycling: In
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