ASTM D1143/D1143M-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundation Elements Under Static Axial Compressive Load
Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundation Elements Under Static Axial Compressive Load
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Field tests provide the most reliable relationship between the axial load applied to a deep foundation and the resulting axial movement. Test results may also provide information used to assess the distribution of side shear resistance along the element, the amount of end bearing developed at the element toe, and the long-term load-deflection behavior. The engineer may evaluate the test results to determine if, after applying appropriate factors, the element or group of elements has a static capacity, load response and a deflection at service load satisfactory to support the foundation. When performed as part of a multiple-element test program, the engineer may also use the results to assess the viability of different sizes and types of foundation elements and the variability of the test site.
5.2 If feasible, and without exceeding the safe structural load on the element or element cap (hereinafter unless otherwise indicated, “element” and “element group” are interchangeable as appropriate), the maximum load applied should reach a failure load from which the engineer may determine the axial static compressive load capacity of the element. Tests that achieve a failure load may help the engineer improve the efficiency of the foundation design by reducing the foundation element length, quantity, or size.
5.3 If deemed impractical to apply axial test loads to an inclined element, the engineer may elect to use axial test results from a nearby vertical element to evaluate the axial capacity of the inclined element. Or, the engineer may elect to use a bi-directional axial test on an inclined element (Test Methods D8169).
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/ inspection/and the like. Users of ...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the axial deflection of an individual vertical or inclined deep foundation element or group of elements when loaded in static axial compression. These methods apply to all types of deep foundations, or deep foundation systems as they are practical to test. The individual components of which are referred to herein as elements that function as, or in a manner similar to, drilled shafts, cast-in-place piles (augered cast-in-place piles, barrettes, and slurry walls), driven piles, such as pre-cast concrete piles, timber piles or steel sections (steel pipes or wide flange beams) or any number of other element types, regardless of their method of installation. Although the test methods may be used for testing single elements or element groups, the test results may not represent the long-term performance of the entire deep foundation system.
1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundation elements under static axial compressive load. Plans, specifications, and/or provisions prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. The engineer in charge of the foundation design referred to herein as the engineer, shall approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this standard. (Exception: the test load applied to the testing apparatus shall not exceed the rated capacity established by the engineer who designed the testing apparatus).
1.3 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional” may produce different test results and may be used only when approved by the engineer. The word “shall” indicates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions.
1.4 A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret the test results obtai...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1143/D1143M − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Deep Foundation Elements Under Static Axial Compressive
1
Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1143/D1143M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* to predict the actual performance and adequacy of elements
used in the constructed foundation.
1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the
axial deflection of an individual vertical or inclined deep
1.5 A qualified engineer (qualified to perform such work)
foundation element or group of elements when loaded in static
shall design and approve all loading apparatus, loaded
axial compression. These methods apply to all types of deep
members, and support frames. The geotechnical engineer shall
foundations,ordeepfoundationsystemsastheyarepracticalto
design or specify the test procedures. The text of this standard
test.The individual components of which are referred to herein
references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory
as elements that function as, or in a manner similar to, drilled
material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables
shafts, cast-in-place piles (augered cast-in-place piles,
and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the
barrettes, and slurry walls), driven piles, such as pre-cast
standard. This standard also includes illustrations and appen-
concretepiles,timberpilesorsteelsections(steelpipesorwide
dices intended only for explanatory or advisory use.
flangebeams)oranynumberofotherelementtypes,regardless
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
of their method of installation.Although the test methods may
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
be used for testing single elements or element groups, the test
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
results may not represent the long-term performance of the
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
entire deep foundation system.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for test-
conformance with the standard.
ing deep foundation elements under static axial compressive
1.7 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
load. Plans, specifications, and/or provisions prepared by a
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and
[lbf] represents a unit of force [weight], while the unit for mass
procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular
is slug. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic
test program. The engineer in charge of the foundation design
[F=ma] calculations are involved.
referredtohereinastheengineer,shallapproveanydeviations,
deletions, or additions to the requirements of this standard.
1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
(Exception: the test load applied to the testing apparatus shall
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
not exceed the rated capacity established by the engineer who
Practice D6026.
designed the testing apparatus).
1.8.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected,
1.3 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional”
recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the
may produce different test results and may be used only when
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
approved by the engineer. The word “shall” indicates a
significant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-
mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
indicate mandatory provisions.
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
1.4 A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret the
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
test results obtained from the procedures of this standard so as
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
methods for engineering data.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
RockandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD18.11onDeepFoundations.
1.9 The
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1143/D1143M − 07 (Reapproved 2013) D1143/D1143M − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Deep Foundations Foundation Elements Under Static Axial
1
Compressive Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1143/D1143M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected the title of Figure 2 in June 2018.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the axial deflection of a an individual vertical or inclined deep foundation
element or group of elements when loaded in static axial compression. These methods apply to all deep foundations, types of deep
foundations, or deep foundation systems as they are practical to test. The individual components of which are referred to herein
as piles,elements that function as, or in a manner similar to driven piles or cast-in-place piles, to, drilled shafts, cast-in-place piles
(augered cast-in-place piles, barrettes, and slurry walls), driven piles, such as pre-cast concrete piles, timber piles or steel sections
(steel pipes or wide flange beams) or any number of other element types, regardless of their method of installation, and installation.
Although the test methods may be used for testing single piles or pile groups. Theelements or element groups, the test results may
not represent the long-term performance of a deep foundation.the entire deep foundation system.
1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundations foundation elements under static axial compressive
load. Plans, specifications, and/or provisions prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures
as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. The engineer in responsible charge of the foundation design,design
referred to herein as the Engineer,engineer, shall approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this
standard. (Exception: the test load applied to the testing apparatus shall not exceed the rated capacity established by the engineer
who designed the testing apparatus).
1.3 This standard allows the following test procedures:
Procedure A Quick Test 8.1.2
Procedure B Maintained Test (Optional) 8.1.3
Procedure C Loading in Excess of Maintained Test (Optional) 8.1.4
Procedure D Constant Time Interval Test (Optional) 8.1.5
Procedure E Constant Rate of Penetration Test (Optional) 8.1.6
Procedure F Constant Movement Increment Test (Optional) 8.1.7
Procedure G Cyclic Loading Test (Optional) 8.1.8
1.3 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional” may produce different test results and may be used only when
approved by the Engineer.engineer. The word “shall” indicates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a
recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.11 on Deep Foundations.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013Sept. 15, 2020. Published July 2013October 2020. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1143 –
ε1
07 (2013) . DOI: 10.1520/D1143_D1143M-07R13E01.10.1520/D1143_D1143M-20.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1143/D1143M − 20
1.4 A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret the test results obtained from the procedures of this standard so as to predict
the actual performance and adequacy of pileselements used in the constructed foundation. See Appendix X1 for comments
regarding some of the factors influencing the interpretation of test results.
1.5 A qualified engineer (qualified to perform such work) shall design and approve all loading apparatus, loaded members, support
frames, and and support frames. The geotechnical engineer shall design or specify the test procedures. The text of this standard
references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and
figures) sh
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