ASTM D2060-14(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2060 − 14 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Methods for
Measuring Zipper Dimensions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D2050 Terminology Relating to Subassemblies Used in the
Manufacture of Textiles
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the
D2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
dimensions of all types and sizes of zippers.
Laundering
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:
D2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-
Sections
cleaning
Chain Flatness 34–39
D2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Light
Chain Straightness 40–44
D2054 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes to
Chain Thickness 28–33
Chain Width 45–50
Crocking
Length of Zipper or Parts 9–14
D2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun-
Longitudinal Dimensional Change 51–58
dering
Slider Mouth Width 21–27
Tape Width 15–20
D2058 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall Drycleaning
D2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system (Fog)
D2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers
must be used independently of the other, without combining
values in any way. D2062 Test Methods for Operability of Zippers
D2724 Test Method for Bond Strength of Bonded, Fused,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D3657 Specification for Zipper Dimensions
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Ventilation Ovens
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.2 AATCC Method:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
AATCC 143 Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile End
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Products After Repeated Home Launderings
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.3 ANSI Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by
2. Referenced Documents
Attributes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles 3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Subassemblies,
D13.54, refer to Terminology D2050.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
dimension, zipper.
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on
Subassemblies., Inc.
Current edition approved March 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally
ɛ1
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2060 –14 . DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D2060-14R22. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2060 − 14 (2022)
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to means of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-
Terminology D123. ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance of
3.2.1 Optional key terms, not under the jurisdiction of this a zipper. Test methods for measuring those properties have not
SC that must be used to understand this standard. If the been published either because no practical methods have yet
optional term is necessary, a very exact and detailed discussion been developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa-
must also be included to indicate why this is so. tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires an
intimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.
4. Significance and Use
5. Sampling
4.1 The significance of specific tests is discussed in the
5.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
appropriate sections.
at random the number of individual containers from each
4.2 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac-
shipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-
ceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test
cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the
methods have been used extensively in the trade for this
supplier. Consider individual containers from each shipping
purpose, and because current estimates of between-laboratory
carton to be the primary sampling units.
precision are acceptable in most cases.
4.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
reported test results when using Test Methods D2060 for
shipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a sampling
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
quality level, and limiting quality level.
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
5.2 Laboratory Sample and Test Specimens—As a labora-
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
tory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of zippers
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
specified in Section 7 at random from each container in the lot
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
sample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample and
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
the test specimens.
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
6. Test Specimen
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
6.1 The test specimen shall consist of a completely as-
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
sembled zipper or length of chain.
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias if found, either
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the 7. Number of Specimens
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of
7.1 All Properties Except Slider Mouth Width and Chain
the known bias.
Width—Takeanumberofzippersperindividualcontainerfrom
4.3 The test method(s) in these test methods, along with each shipping carton such that the user may expect at the 90 %
those in Test Methods D2051, D2052, D2053, D2054, D2057, probability level that the test result for an individual container
D2058, D2059, D2061, and D2062, are a collection of proven is no more than the amounts shown in Table 1, above or below
test methods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of the true average for the individual container. Determine the
zippers without the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers. number of zippers per individual container as follows:
The enumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation 7.1.1 Reliable Estimate of s or v—When there is a reliable
of all zipper properties. Besides those properties measured by estimate ofs orv based upon extensive past records for similar
TABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Known and Unknown Variability in User’s Laboratory Units as Indicated
No Reliable Estimate of s
Allowable Var- Equation for n Using
or v
Property iation (Two- a Reliable Estimate
Number of
A
Sided) of s or v
Basis
Specimens
Length, assembled zipper, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 0.70
Length, chain, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 0.39
Length, top tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 4.56
Length, bottom tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 3 9.09
Length, opening, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 0.87
Effective tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 2.34
Full tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 2.51
Chain thickness, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 0.64
Chain straightness, ⁄32-in. increments 1.0 n =2.71× s 1 0.59
Wet dimensional change, home laundry, 0.200 n = 67.6 × s 17 0.49
percentage points
Wet dimensional change, launder-ometer, 0.200 n = 67.6 × s 12 0.41
percentage points
Dimensional change in dry heat, 0.200 n = 67.6 × s 10 0.38
percentage points
A
The values of s or v in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will usually be found in practice (see 7.1.2).
D2060 − 14 (2022)
materials tested in the user’s laboratory as directed in these test 10. Significance and Use
methods, calculate n using the equations in Table 1 which are
10.1 These measurements are useful in determining confor-
based on (Eq 1)or(Eq 2) as noted in Test Method D2905,
mance with a purchasing specification and suitability for end
Section 5:
use products using zippers.
2 2
t 3s
n 5 (1)
2 11. Apparatus
E
2 2 11.1 Scale, graduated in 0.5 mm or ( ⁄64 in.).
t 3v
n 5 (2)
A
12. Procedure
where:
12.1 Length of Completely Assembled Zipper—Place the
n = number of specimens (rounded upward to a whole
closed zipper flat on a horizontal working surface without
number), tension, aligning the chain over a straight reference line on the
s = reliable estimate of the standard deviation of individual
working surface. Make marks on the working surface corre-
observationsintheuser’slaboratoryunderconditionsof
sponding to the zipper extremities. Remove the zipper and,
single-operator precision, using the scale, measure the distance between the marks to the
v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of indi-
nearest 1.0 mm or ( ⁄32 in.).
vidual observations in the user’s laboratory under con-
NOTE 2—For the bottom end, the zipper extremities are the bottom of
ditions of single-operator precision,
the bottom stop or interlocking element for a nonseparable zipper. The
t = 1.645, the value of Student’s t for infinite degrees of
bottom end of a separable zipper is the lowermost tape or reinforcing tape
freedom, for two-sided limits, and a 90 % probability
but not the overhang of the fixed retainer. For the top end, the zipper
extremitiesarethetopofthetopstop,ortopofthelastelement,whichever
level (t = 2.706), E and A = values of the allowable
2 2 2 2
is the extreme for both nonseparable and separable zippers.
variations listed in Table 1, and t /E and t /A = the
basis for calculation of the constants in the equations in 12.2 Length of Chain—Place the closed chain, without
Table 1.
tension, flat on a horizontal working surface, aligning the chain
over a straight reference line on the working surface. Place the
7.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of s or v— When there is no
scale on one stringer flush alongside the outer edge of the
reliable estimate of s or v for the user’s laboratory, (Eq 1)or
interlockable elements or the outer edge of the bead if the bead
(Eq 2) should not be used directly. Instead, specify the number
extends beyond the elements. Measure the distance between
of specimens shown in Table 1. This number of specimens is
the extreme ends of the chain to the nearest 1 mm or ( ⁄32 in.).
calculated using values of s or v, which are listed in Table 1,
and that are somewhat larger values of s or v than are usually 12.3 Length of Tape End—Place the closed zipper, without
tension, flat on a horizontal working surface, aligning the chain
found in practice. When a reliable estimate of s or v for
dimensional change or length of bottom end in the user’s over a straight reference line on the working surface. Place the
end of the scale against the outermost surface of the outermost
laboratory becomes available, the equations in Table 1, which
stationary component. Measure to the nearest 1.0 mm or ( ⁄32
are based on (Eq 1) and (Eq 2), will usually specify fewer
in.) the tape end length along the cord to the outermost point of
specimens than are listed in Table 1 for the condition when
the pinked or straight-cut edge. In a case where the lengths of
there is no reliable estimate of s or v.
the tape ends on the two stringers are different, measure the
7.2 SliderMouthWidthandChainWidth—Unlessotherwise
length of the shorter tape end. This test method is not
agreed upon, as when specified in an applicable material
applicable to tape ends that are cut or pinked on a diagonal in
specification, take one specimen per lot.
excess of 5° in either direction.
12.4 Effective Length of Opening, Completely Assembled
8. Conditioning
Zipper—Place the closed zipper, without tension, flat on a
8.1 FortestsmadeasdirectedinSections12,18,37,42,and
horizontal working surface, aligning the chain over a straight
55, bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium for testing in
reference line on the working surface. With a sharp-pointed
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in
pencil, make a reference mark even with the top of the slider.
Practice D1776. Preconditioning is not required.
Move the slider to the extreme open position and make another
reference mark even with the top of the slider. Measure the
8.2 For tests made as directed in Sections 25 and 31,
distance between the marks to the nearest 1.0 mm or ( ⁄32 in.).
specimens need not be preconditioned nor conditioned.
This test method is not applicable to separable zippers.
LENGTH OF ZIPPER OR PARTS
13. Report
9. Summary of Test Method
13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in
Sections9–14 of Test Methods D2060. Describe the material
9.1 The chain or zipper is placed on a flat surface and, with
or product sampled and the method of sampling used.
the aid of a suitable scale, the length of the zipper or desired
zipper part is determined. 13.2 Report the following information:
D2060 − 14 (2022)
13.2.1 The specific property (or properties) measured, 20.1.1 Precisionofthetestmethodisrelatedtothecarewith
13.2.2 Number and description, of specimens tested, and whichtheoperatorreadsthe0.5mm( ⁄64-in.)incrementsonthe
13.2.3 Measured length of each specimen. scale. The test method, though employing measurement of a
variable, is really descriptive rather than quantitative. The test
14. Precision and Bias
method has been found satisfactory in commercial use for
determining conformity to an established specification.
14.1 Precision—See Section 59.
14.1.1 Precisionofthetestmethodisrelatedtothecarewith
20.2 Bias—The procedure in Test Methods D2060 for
whichtheoperatorreadsthe1.0mm( ⁄32-in.)incrementsonthe
measuring the width of zipper tapes has no known bias.
scale. The test method, though employing measurement of a
SLIDER MOUTH WIDTH
variable, is really descriptive rather than quantitative. The test
method has been found satisfactory in commercial use for
21. Summary of Test Method
determining conformity to an established specification.
21.1 A slider is cut into its halves and the mouth is then
14.2 Bias—The procedure in Test Methods D2060 for
measured.
measuring the length of zipper parts has no known bias.
22. Significance and Use
TAPE WIDTH
22.1 The slider mouth width is used only to designate the
15. Summary of Test Method
size of the zipper.
15.1 The chain or zipper is placed on a flat horizontal
23. Apparatus
surface and, with the aid of a scale, the tape width is measured.
23.1 Leaf-TypeTaperGauge, graduated in 0.025 mm (0.001
16. Significance and Use
in.).
16.1 These measurements are used in determining the width
24. Preparation of Specimens
of tape available for attachment of the zipper.
24.1 Use side-cutting pliers, a jeweler’s saw, or other
17. Apparatus
suitable instrument to sever the slider through the diamond and
17.1 Scale, graduated in 0.5 mm or ( ⁄64 in.).
to separate it into its front and back sections.
18. Procedure
25. Procedure
18.1 Effective Width—Place the specimen, without tension,
25.1 When the slider has flanges on both the front and back
flat on a horizontal working surface. With the end of the scale
sections, measure the mouth width on the front half. When the
at a 90° angle to the outer edge of the tape, place the end of the
slider has flanges on only one half, the measurement is made
scale against the outermost edges of the interlockable elements
on that half.
on the bead if the bead extends beyond the elements. Measure
25.2 Measure the mouth width to the nearest 0.025 mm
the distance beyond the outermost edges of the interlockable
(0.001 in.) by inserting a leaf-type taper gauge through the
elements, or the bead if the bead extends beyond the elements
mouth of the slider.Take the measurement between the vertical
to the outermost edge of the tape, to the nearest 0.5 mm or ( ⁄64
parallelsidesoftheflangesattheirnarrowestpointbetweenthe
in.), using a magnifying glass for greater precision. Take five
slider mouth and the leading edge of the diamond.
measurements not less than 25.4 mm (1 in.) apart on each
specimen.
26. Report
18.2 FullWidth—Measure the total tape width including the
26.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in
bead on the tape end of the fastener. Measure the distance
Sections21–27ofTestMethodsD2060.Describethematerial
perpendicular to the chain with the scale to the nearest 0.5 mm
or product sampled and the method of sampling used.
or ( ⁄64 in.) If a tape end does not exist, remove interlockable
26.2 Report the following information:
elements to provide a measuring area.
26.2.1 Number and description of specimens tested,
26.2.2 Width of zipper slider mouth,
19. Report
26.2.3 Acceptable range of nominal slider mouth widths for
19.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in
zippers of that size as specified in Specification D3657, and
Sections15–20ofTestMethodsD2060.Describethematerial
26.2.4 Astatementthatthesampledoesordoesnotconform
or product sampled and the method of sampling used.
to the nominal slider mouth width.
19.2 Report the following information:
19.2.1 The specific property (or properties) measured, 27. Precision and Bias
19.2.2 Number and description of specimens tested, and
27.1 Precision—No statement on the precision of the pro-
19.2.3 Measured width of each specimen.
cedure in Test Methods D2060 for measuring slider mouth
20. Precision and Bias
20.1 Precision—See Section 59.
D2060 − 14 (2022)
width is being made, since the test result is merely used to 36. Apparatus
determine into which of several slider mouth width ranges the
36.1 SurfacePlate—Atoolmaker’ssurfaceplateatleast300
specimen falls.
mm by 300 mm (12 in. by 12 in.).
27.2 Bias—The procedure in Test Methods D2060 for
36.2 Height Gauge, 152 mm (6 in.) vernier, permitting zero
measuring slider mouth width has no known bias.
measure
...