ASTM D2386-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocarbon crystals that can restrict the flow of fuel through filters if present in the fuel system of the aircraft. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft tank normally falls during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel must always be lower than the minimum operational tank temperature.
4.2 Freezing point is a requirement in Specifications D910 and D1655.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in aviation turbine fuels and aviation gasoline. If no crystallization point or freezing point can be measured, this test can be used to report the lowest measurable temperature reached before the crystallization point.
Note 1: The interlaboratory program that generated the precisions for this test method did not include aviation gasoline.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.4, Section 6, and 8.3.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2386 − 19
Designation: 16/15
Standard Test Method for
1
Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2386; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope* Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
Petroleum Products
perature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
aviation turbine fuels and aviation gasoline. If no crystalliza-
Petroleum Products
tion point or freezing point can be measured, this test can be
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
used to report the lowest measurable temperature reached
E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
before the crystallization point.
mometers
NOTE 1—The interlaboratory program that generated the precisions for
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
this test method did not include aviation gasoline. 4
IP Standards for Petroleum and Its Products IP 16/15
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 freezing point, n—in aviation fuels, the fuel tempera-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ture at which solid hydrocarbon crystals, formed on cooling,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
disappear when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to rise
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
under specified conditions of test.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 crystallization point, n—the temperature at which
For specific warning statements, see 5.4, Section 6, and 8.3.
crystals of hydrocarbons first appear when the test sample is
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
cooled.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocar-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
bon crystals that can restrict the flow of fuel through filters if
presentinthefuelsystemoftheaircraft.Thetemperatureofthe
2. Referenced Documents
fuel in the aircraft tank normally falls during flight depending
2
on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D910Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines point of the fuel must always be lower than the minimum
operational tank temperature.
D1655Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D3117Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate
4.2 Freezing point is a requirement in Specifications D910
and D1655.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5. Apparatus
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
5.1 Jacketed Sample Tube—A double-walled, unsilvered
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally
vessel, similar to a Dewar flask, the space between the inner
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D2386–18. DOI:
10.1520/D2386-19.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
the ASTM website. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2386 − 19
accordance with Test Method E77, at temperatures of 0°C, −40°C,
and outer tube walls being filled at atmospheric pressure with
5
−60°C, and −75°C.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2386 − 18 D2386 − 19
Designation: 16/15
Standard Test Method for
1
Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2386; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in aviation
turbine fuels and aviation gasoline. If no crystallization point or freezing point can be measured, this test can be used to
determinereport the lowest measurable temperature reached before the crystallization point.
NOTE 1—The interlaboratory program that generated the precisions for this test method did not include aviation gasoline.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.4, Section 6, and 8.3.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
D3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
4
IP Standards for Petroleum and Its Products IP 16/15
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 freezing point, n—in aviation fuels, the fuel temperature at which solid hydrocarbon crystals, formed on cooling, disappear
when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to rise under specified conditions of test.
3.1.2 crystallization point, n—the temperature at which crystals of hydrocarbons first appear when the test sample is cooled.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018May 1, 2019. Published January 2019June 2019. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20152018 as
ɛ1
D2386 – 15D2386 – 18. . DOI: 10.1520/D2386-18.10.1520/D2386-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2386 − 19
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocarbon crystals
that can restrict the flow of fuel through filters if present in the fuel system of the aircraft. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft
tank normally falls during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel must
always be lower than the minimum operational tank temperature.
4.2 Freezing point is a requirement in Specifications D910 and D1655.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Jacketed Sample Tube—A double-walled, unsilvered v
...
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