ASTM A681-08(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A681 −08 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Tool Steels Alloy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E30 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Steel, Cast Iron,
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
physical requirements for available wrought alloy tool steel
Steel
products.
E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
1.2 These products, which include hot or cold finished bar,
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
plate, sheet, strip, rod, wire, or forgings, are normally fabri-
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
cated into tools, dies, or fixtures.The selection of a material for
2.2 Military Standard:
a particular application will depend upon design, service
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
conditions, and desired properties.
ment and Storage
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 2.3 Federal Standards:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking and Shipment (Civil Agencies)
Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. and Steel Products
2.4 Other Standard:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
SAE J1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and Alloys (UNS)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3. Classification
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 Material in accordance with this specification is classi-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fied by chemical composition. Types correspond to respective
AISI designations.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 Hot Work Tool Steels, Identification H:
2 3.1.1.1 Types H10 to H19 are characterized by a controlled
2.1 ASTM Standards:
chromium content along with other alloying elements.The first
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
four, containing molybdenum, offer excellent toughness and
of Steel Products
high hardenability and are frequently used in cold work
A561 Practice for Macroetch Testing of Tool Steel Bars
applications requiring toughness at relatively high hardness
A600 Specification for Tool Steel High Speed
levels.
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
3.1.1.2 Types H21 to H26 are characterized by a controlled
for Steel Products for Shipment
tungsten content along with other alloying elements. These
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
steels offer greater resistance to the softening effect of elevated
service temperatures but exhibit a lower degree of toughness.
3.1.1.3 Types H41 to H43 are low-carbon modifications of
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, molybdenum high speed tool steels (Note 1) and have charac-
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
teristics similar to the tungsten types.
A01.29 on Tool Steels.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A681 – 08 (2015). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/A0681-08R22. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
the ASTM website. PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A681−08 (2022)
NOTE 1—High-speed tool steels are covered in Specification A600.
6. Chemical Composition
3.1.2 Cold Work Tool Steels, Identification A—Types A2 to
6.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the
A10 cover a wide range of carbon and alloy contents but all
manufacturer to determine the percentage of the elements
have high hardenability and may be hardened in air. The low
specified, and these values shall conform to the requirements
carbon Types A8 and A9 have less wear resistance but offer
for chemical composition specified in Table 1. If requested or
greater toughness than others in this group.TypeA7, with high
required, the chemical composition shall be reported to the
carbon and vanadium, offers exceptional wear resistance but at
purchaser or his representative.
a very low level of toughness.
6.2 Analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished
3.1.3 Cold Work Tool Steels, Identification D—Types D2 to
bars and forgings by machining off the entire cross section and
D7 are characterized by high carbon and high chromium
drilling parallel to the axis of the bar or forging at any point
contents and exhibit high resistance to abrasion. The types
midway between the center and surface in accordance with the
containing molybdenum may be hardened in air and offer a
latest issue of Practice E59. The chemical analysis of the
high degree of dimensional stability in heat treatment.
drilling chips shall be made in accordance with the latest issue
3.1.4 Cold Work Tool Steels, Identification O—Types O1 to
of Test Methods E30. The chemical composition thus deter-
O7 are low-alloy types that must be hardened by quenching in
mined shall not vary from the limits specified in Table 1.
oil. Sizes over about 2 in. (50 mm) in cross section usually
exhibit lower interior hardness.
7. Hardness Requirements
3.1.5 Shock-Resisting Steels, Identification S—Types S1 to
S7 vary in alloy content but are intended for shock-resisting
7.1 Annealed hardness values shall be obtained in accor-
applications.
dance with the latest issue of Test Methods and Definitions
3.1.6 Special-Purpose Tool Steels, Identification L—Types
A370, and shall not exceed the Brinell hardness values (or
L2 to L6 are low-alloy steels with a wide range of carbon
equivalent Rockwell hardness values) specified in Table 2.
content. The low-carbon types are generally used for structural
7.2 Specimens for determination of minimum response to
applications requiring good levels of toughness, while the
hardening shall be ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) thick disks cut so as to
high-carbon types may be used for short-run tools.
represent either the full cross-sectional area or that midway
3.1.7 Special-Purpose Tool Steels, Identification F—Types
between the center and outer surface of the material. If the
F1 to F2 are high-carbon steels with varying tungsten content
material form or size does not lend itself to accurate hardness
used primarily for relatively short-run fine edge cutting tools.
determination on ⁄4 in. thick cross-sectional disks, then longi-
3.1.8 Mold Steels, Identification P:
tudinal specimens may be used for hardness testing. Examples
3.1.8.1 Types P2 to P6 are very low-carbon steels and must
are round bars less than ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter or sheet.
be carburized after machining or hubbing.
In this case, the specimen shall be a minimum of 3 in. (76 mm)
3.1.8.2 Types P20 and P21 are usually supplied in the
in length and parallel flats shall be ground on the original mill
prehardened condition and can be placed in service directly
surfaces. The specimens shall be heat treated as prescribed in
after machining.
Table 3.
4. Ordering Information 7.2.1 The hardness of the specimen after the specified heat
treatment shall meet the minimum hardness value for the
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
particular type of steel shown in Table 3. Rockwell C tests
the following information, as required to describe adequately
should be used where possible but light load tests may be
the desired material:
necessaryonthinspecimens.Thesetestsshouldbespecifiedby
4.1.1 Class of material (hot work tool steel, etc.),
agreement between the seller and the purchaser. The hardness
4.1.2 Type (H11, D2, etc.),
value shall be obtained in accordance with the latest issue of
4.1.3 Shape (sheet, strip, plate, flat bar, round bar, square
TestMethodsandDefinitionsA370,andshallbetheaverageof
bar, hexagon bar, octagon, special shapes),
at least five readings taken in an area midway between the
4.1.4 Dimensions (thickness, width, diameter, length),
center and surface of the largest dimension of the cross-
4.1.5 Finish (hot rolled, forged, blasted or pickled, cold
sectional specimen or along the parallel surfaces of the
drawn, machined, ground, precision ground and polished),
longitudinal specimen.
4.1.6 Condition (annealed, hardened and tempered, etc.),
4.1.7 ASTM designation and year of issue, and
8. Macrostructure
4.1.8 Special requirements.
8.1 Specimens for the determination of the macrostructure
5. Materials and Manufacture
shall represent the entire cross-sectional area in the annealed
conditionandbepreparedinaccordancewiththelatestissueof
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, material covered by this
specification shall be made by an electric melting process. It Practice A561. Material supplied to this specification shall be
shall be made from ingots or slabs that have been reduced in capable of exhibiting a structure free of excessive porosity,
crosssectioninsuchamannerandtosuchadegreeastoensure segregation, slag, dirt or other nonmetallic inclusions, pipe,
proper refinement of the solidification structure. checks, cracks, and other injurious defects.
A681−08 (2022)
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements,%
C
UNS Carbon Manganese Phos- Silicon Chromium Vanadium Tungsten Molybdenum
D
Sulfur,
Desig- Type phorus,
min max min max max min max min max min max min max min max
B
nation max
T20810 H10 0.35 0.45 0.20 0.70 0.030 0.030 0.80 1.25 3.00 3.75 0.25 0.75 . . . . . . 2.00 3.00
T20811 H11 0.33 0.43 0.20 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.80 1.25 4.75 5.50 0.30 0.60 . . . . . . 1.10 1.60
T20812 H12 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.80 1.25 4.75 5.50 0.20 0.50 1.00 1.70 1.25 1.75
T20813 H13 0.32 0.45 0.20 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.80 1.25 4.75 5.50 0.80 1.20 . . . . . . 1.10 1.75
T20814 H14 0.35 0.45 0.20 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.80 1.25 4.75 5.50 . . . . . . 4.00 5.25 . . . . . .
T20819 H19 0.32 0.45 0.20 0.50 0.030 0.030 0.15 0.50 4.00 4.75 1.75 2.20 3.75 4.50 0.30 0.55 Co 4.00–4.50
T20821 H21 0.26 0.36 0.15 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.15 0.50 3.00 3.75 0.30 0.60 8.50 10.00 . . . . . .
T20822 H22 0.30 0.40 0.15 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.15 0.40 1.75 3.75 0.25 0.50 10.00 11.75 . . . . . .
T20823 H23 0.25 0.35 0.15 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.15 0.60 11.00 12.75 0.75 1.25 11.00 12.75 . . . . . .
T20824 H24 0.42 0.53 0.15 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.15 0.40 2.50 3.50 0.40 0.60 14.00 16.00 . . . . . .
T20825 H25 0.22 0.32 0.15 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.15 0.40 3.75 4.50 0.40 0.60 14.00 16.00 . . . . . .
E
T20826 H26 0.45 0.55 0.15 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.15 0.40 3.75 4.50 0.75 1.25 17.25 19.00 . . . . . .
E
T20841 H41 0.60 0.75 0.15 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.20 0.45 3.50 4.00 1.00 1.30 1.40 2.10 8.20 9.20
E
T20842 H42 0.55 0.70 0.15 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.20 0.45 3.75 4.50 1.75 2.20 5.50 6.75 4.50 5.50
E
T20843 H43 0.50 0.65 0.15 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.20 0.45 3.75 4.50 1.80 2.20 . . . . . . 7.75 8.50
T30102 A2 0.95 1.05 0.40 1.00 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.50 4.75 5.50 0.15 0.50 . . . . . . 0.90 1.40
T30103 A3 1.20 1.30 0.40 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.70 4.75 5.50 0.80 1.40 . . . . . . 0.90 1.40
T30104 A4 0.95 1.05 1.80 2.20 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.70 0.90 2.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 1.40
T30105 A5 0.95 1.05 2.80 3.20 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.70 0.90 1.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 1.40
T30106 A6 0.65 0.75 1.80 2.50 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.70 0.90 1.40 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 1.40
T30107 A7 2.00 2.85 0.20 0.80 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.70 5.00 5.75 3.90 5.15 0.50 1.50 0.90 1.40
T30108 A8 0.50 0.60 0.20 0.50 0.030 0.030 0.75 1.10 4.75 5.50 . . . . . . 1.00 1.50 1.15 1.65
T30109 A9 0.45 0.55 0.20 0.50 0.030 0.030 0.95 1.15 4.75 5.50 0.80 1.40 . . . . . . 1.30 1.80 Ni 1.25–1.75
T30110 A10 1.25 1.50 1.60 2.10 0.030 0.030 1.00 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25 1.75 Ni 1.55–2.05
T30402 D2 1.40 1.60 0.10 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.60 11.00 13.00 0.50 1.10 . . . . . . 0.70 1.20 . . .
T30403 D3 2.00 2.35 0.10 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.60 11.00 13.50 . . . 1.00 . . . 1.00 . . . . . .
T30404 D4 2.05 2.40 0.10 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.60 11.00 13.00 0.15 1.00 . . . . . . 0.70 1.20
T30405 D5 1.40 1.60 0.10 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.60 11.00 13.00 . . . 1.00 . . . . . . 0.70 1.20 Co 2.50–3.50
T30407 D7 2.15 2.50 0.10 0.60 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.60 11.50 13.50 3.80 4.40 . . . . . . 0.70 1.20
T31501 O1 0.85 1.00 1.00 1.40 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.50 0.40 0.70 . . . 0.30 0.40 0.60 . . . . . .
T31502 O2 0.85 0.95 1.40 1.80 0.030 0.030 . . . 0.50 . . . 0.50 . . . 0.30 . . . . . . . . . 0.30
T31506 O6 1.25 1.55 0.30 1.10 0.030 0.030 0.55 1.50 . . . 0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 0.30
T31507 O7 1.10 1.30 0.20 1.00 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.60 0.35 0.85 0.15 0.40 1.00 2.00 . . . 0.30
T41901 S1 0.40 0.55 0.10 0.40 0.030 0.030 0.15 1.20 1.00 1.80 0.15 0.30 1.50 3.00 . . . 0.50
T41902 S2 0.40 0.55 0.30 0.50 0.030 0.030 0.90 1.20 . . . . . . . . . 0.50 . . . . . . 0.30 0.60
T41904 S4 0.50 0.65 0.60 0.95 0.030 0.030 1.75 2.25 0.10 0.50 0.15 0.35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T41905 S5 0.50 0.65 0.60 1.00 0.030 0.030 1.75 2.25 0.10 0.50 0.15 0.35 . . . . . . 0.20 1.35 . . . . . .
T41906 S6 0.40 0.50 1.20 1.50 0.030 0.030 2.00 2.50 1.20 1.50 0.20 0.40 . . . . . . 0.30 0.50 . . . . . .
T41907 S7 0.45 0.55 0.20 0.90 0.030 0.030 0.20 1.00 3.00 3.50 . . . 0.35 . . . . . . 1.30 1.80 . . . . . .
T61202 L2 0.45 1.00 0.10 0.90 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.50 0.70 1.20 0.10 0.30 . . . . . . . . . 0.25 . . . . . .
T61203 L3 0.95 1.10 0.25 0.80 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.50 1.30 1.70 0.10 0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nickel
T61206 L6 0.65 0.75 0.25 0.80 0.030 0.030 0.10 0.50
...