ASTM C1099-92(1997)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C 1099–92 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Test Method for
Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1099; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 Testing temperature (2525 (1385) versus 2575°F
(1413°C)),
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modu-
3.2.2 Air atmosphere versus argon atmosphere in the fur-
lus of rupture of carbon-containing refractories at elevated
nace,
temperatures in air.
3.2.3 Hold time prior to breaking the sample (12 versus 18
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units and degrees
min), and
Fahrenheit are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
3.2.4 Loading rate on the sample (175 (778) versus 350
parentheses are for information only.
lb/min (1556 N/min)).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 Resin bonded magnesia-carbon brick containing ap-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
proximately 17 % carbon after coking where tested in two
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
separate ruggedness tests. Metal-free brick were tested in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
first ruggedness test, while aluminum-containing brick were
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
tested in the second. Results were analyzed at a 95 % confi-
statements, see Section 5.
dence level.
2. Referenced Documents 3.4 For the metal-free brick, the presence of an argon
atmosphereandholdtimehadstatisticallysignificanteffectson
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the modulus of rupture at 2550°F (1400°C). The argon atmo-
C 583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory
sphere yielded a lower modulus of rupture. The samples tested
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
in air had a well-sintered decarburized zone on the exterior
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com-
surfaces, possibly explaining the higher moduli of rupture.The
parison Technique
longer hold time caused a lower result for the metal-free brick.
2.2 ISO Standard:
3.5 For the aluminum-containing brick, testing temperature,
ISO Recommendation 5013 Determination of the Hot
the presence of an argon atmosphere, and loading rate had
Modulus of Rupture of Shaped and Unshaped Dense and
statistically significant effects on the modulus of rupture at
Insulating Refractory Products
2550°F (1400°C).The higher testing temperature increased the
3. Significance and Use
measured result, the presence of an argon atmosphere lowered
the result, and the higher loading rate increased the result.
3.1 The modulus of rupture of carbon-containing refracto-
ries at elevated temperatures has become accepted as a useful
4. Apparatus
measurement in quality control testing and in research and
4.1 Electrically-Heated Furnace—An electrically heated
development. These measurements are also used to determine
furnace should be used. The furnace will contain an air
the suitability of particular products for various applications
atmosphere.
and to develop specifications. The sample may undergo some
4.2 Lower Bearing Edges, at least one pair, made from
oxidation during the test.
volume-stable refractory material (Note 1) shall be installed in
3.2 In 1988, ruggedness testing was conducted on this test
the furnace on 5-in. (127-mm) centers.
procedure. The following variables were studied:
4.3 Thrust Column, containing the top bearing edge that is
made from the same volume-stable refractory material used for
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on
thelowerbearingedges,shallextendoutsidethefurnacewhere
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.08 on Basic
means are provided for applying a load.
Refractories.
4.3.1 The lower bearing edges and the bearing end of the
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1992. Published October 1992.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
support column shall have rounded bearing surfaces having
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
about a ⁄4-in. (6 mm) radius (Note 2). The lower bearing
Available from theAmerican National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
surfaces may be made adjustable, but must attain the standard
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1099–92 (1997)
span of 5 6 ⁄32 in. (1276 2 mm). The length of the lower keeping the original brick surface as the tension surface, and
bearing surfaces shall exceed the specimen width by about ⁄4 close the door as quickly as possible.
in. The load shall be applied to the upper bearing edge by any 8.4 Hold the sample for 15 min 6 30 s. Bring the top
suitablemeans.Instrumentationformeasuringtheloadshallbe bearing edge to bear at mid-span on the specimen, ensure
accurate to 1 lbf (4.45 N). proper alignment of the bearing surfaces, and apply pressure
4.3.2 The thrust column shall be maintained in vertical through the loading mechanism until failure of the specimen
alignment and all bearing surfaces shall be parallel in both occurs. The rate of application of the load on the sample shall
horizontal directions. be 175 6 17.5 lbf (778.8 N)/min.The resulting rate of increase
in bending stress for the standard 1 by 1 by 6 in. (25 by 25 by
NOTE 1—A minimum of 90 % alumina content is recommended as a
152 mm) specimen is 1312.5 6 131 psi (9.05 6 0.9 MPa)/
suitable refractory.
min.
NOTE 2—All bearing surfaces should be checked periodically to main-
tain a round surface. 8.5 Since opening the furnace door as the specimen is
inserted will lower the temperature of the furnace, note the
4.4 It is recommended that the furnace temperature be
amount of temperature loss, as well as the time it takes for the
controlled with calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermo-
furnace to reestablish its equilibrium temperature.
couples connected to a program-controller recorder (see
8.6 Once the sample has been broken, open the furnace
Method E 220). A thermocouple protection tube is advisable.
door, remove the broken sample from the lower bearing edges,
Temperature differential within the furnace shall not be more
andplaceanothersampleo
...