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ASTM D244-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Emulsified Asphalts

Standard Test Methods for Emulsified Asphalts

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Examination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover the following tests:Test SectionsComposition:Water Content4-10Residue and Oil Distillate by Distillation11-15Residue by Evaporation16-22Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts23-28Consistency:Viscosity (Saybolt Furol)29-33Stability:Demulsibility34-39Settlement40-45Cement Mixing46-52Sieve Test53-58Coating59-62Miscibility with Water63-65Freezing66-68Coating Ability and Water Resistance69-76Storage Stability of Asphalt Emulsion77-83Examination of Residue84-91Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsified Asphalt92-99Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions100-105Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts106-111Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test112-117Weight per Gallon of Emulsified Asphalt118-124Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation126-131
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2000
ICS
75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.42 - Emulsified Asphalt Test
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D244-04 - Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3666-16 - Standard Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D5/D5M-20 - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D88/D88M-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D139-16 - Standard Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D4057-22 - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2397/D2397M-20 - Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D977-20 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D95-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7944-22 - Standard Practice for Recovery of Emulsified Asphalt Residue Using a Vacuum Oven
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000

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ASTM D244-00 - Standard Test Methods for Emulsified AsphaltsASTM D244-00 - Standard Test Methods for Emulsified Asphalts
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ASTM D244-00 - Standard Test Methods for Emulsified Asphalts
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
American Association State
Designation: D 244 – 00 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T59
Standard Test Methods and Practices for
1
Emulsified Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D244; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the
2
headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Ex- C150 Specification for Portland Cement
2
amination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emul- C778 Specification for Standard Sand
3
sions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover D70 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Density of
3
the following tests: Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials
4
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
Test Sections
5
Composition:
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
Water Content 4-10
3
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
Residue and Oil Distillate by Distillation 11-15
4
D128 Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease
Residue by Evaporation 16-22
3
Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts 23-28
D139 TestMethodforFloatTestforBituminousMaterials
Consistency:
3
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
Viscosity (Saybolt Furol) 29-33
3
D977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
Stability:
Demulsibility 34-39
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
Settlement 40-45
3
Trichloroethylene
Cement Mixing 46-52
3
Sieve Test 53-58 D2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
Coating 59-62
D3289 Test Method for Specific Gravity or Density of
Miscibility with Water 63-65
Semi-Solid and Solid Bituminous Materials by Nickel
Freezing 66-68
3
Coating Ability and Water Resistance 69-76 Crucible
6
Storage Stability of Asphalt Emulsion 77-83
E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
Examination of Residue 84-91
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsified 92-99
7
Asphalt poses
Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions 100-105
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts 106-111
7
Ventilation Ovens
Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test 112-117
Weight per Gallon of Emulsified Asphalt 118-124
Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation 126-131 3. Sample Conditioning for Testing
3.1 All emulsions with viscosity requirements of 50°C
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
should be heated to 50 6 3°C in the original sample container
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
in a 71°C water bath or oven. The container should be vented
only.
torelievepressure.Afterthesamplereaches50 63°C,stirthe
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sample to achieve homogeneity.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
1 3
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
4
Road and Paving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
5
D04.42 on Emulsified Asphalt Tests. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
6
Current edition approved July 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
7
published as D244–26T. Last previous edition D244–99. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 244
COMPOSITION
WATER CONTENT The end of the condenser shall be ground to an angle of 30 6
5° from the vertical axis of the condenser.
4. Scope
6.5 Trap—The trap shall be made of annealed glass con-
structed in accordance with Fig. 1(c) and shall be graduated in
4.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
0.10-mL divisions from 0 to 2 mL, and in 0.20-mL divisions
the water content of an emulsified asphalt by reflux distillation
from2to25mL.
using a water trap.
6.6 Solvent—Xylolorotherpetroleumdistillateconforming
to the following distillation requirements:
...

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5.1 The complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures is a fundamental property of the material. Test results at critical temperatures (Tcritical) are used for specifications for some mixes. Mixtures with stiffer binders, aged mixes, mixtures with higher amounts of fines (material finer than 75 µ), and mixtures with lower voids all tend to have higher complex shear modulus values than mixtures with less stiff binders, unaged mixes, mixtures with low levels of fines, and higher air voids. In general, mixtures with higher complex shear modulus values at a given service temperature will exhibit lower permanent deformation values than similar mixtures tested at the same temperature that have lower complex shear modulus values.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures using torsion rectangular geometry on a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). It is applicable to asphalt mixtures having complex shear modulus values greater than 1 × 104 Pa when tested over a range of temperatures from –40 °C to 76 °C at frequencies of 0.01 to 25 Hz and strains of 0.0005 % to 0.1 %. The determination of complex shear modulus is typically determined at 20 °C to 70 °C at 0.01 % strain at ten discrete frequency values covering 0.01 to 10 Hz. From these data, temperature or frequency master curves can be generated as required. This test method is intended for determining the complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures as required for specification testing or quality control of asphalt mixture production.  
1.2 This test method is appropriate for laboratory-prepared and compacted mixtures, field-produced and laboratory-compacted mixtures or field cores, regardless of binder type or grade and regardless of whether RAP is used in the mixture. Due to the geometry of the specimens being tested this test method is not applicable to open-graded or SMA mixtures. It has been found to be appropriate for dense-graded mixtures, whether coarse- or fine-graded, with 19 mm or smaller nominal maximum aggregate size.  
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ASTM D6521-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is designed to simulate the in-service oxidative aging that occurs in asphalt binders during pavement service. Residue from this conditioning practice may be used to estimate the physical or chemical properties of asphalt binders after several years of in-service aging in the field.  
5.2 Binders conditioned using this practice are normally used to determine specification properties in accordance with Specification D6373 or D8239, or AASHTO M 320.  
5.3 For asphalt binders of different grades or from different sources, there is no unique correlation between the time and temperature in this conditioning practice and in-service pavement age and temperature. Therefore, for a given set of in-service climatic conditions, it is not possible to select a single PAV conditioning time, temperature, and pressure that will predict the properties or the relative rankings of the properties of asphalt binders after a specific set of in-service exposure conditions.  
5.4 The relative degree of hardening of different asphalt binders varies with conditioning temperatures and pressures in the PAV. Therefore, two asphalt binders may age at a similar rate at one condition of temperature and pressure, but age differently at another condition. Hence, the relative rates of aging for a set of asphalts at PAV conditions may differ significantly from the actual in-service relative rates at lower pavement temperatures and ambient pressures.
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1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of asphalt binders to simulate accelerated aging (oxidation) by means of pressurized air and elevated temperature. This is intended to simulate the changes in rheology which occur in asphalt binders during in-service oxidative aging, but may not accurately simulate the relative rates of aging. It is normally intended for use with residue from Test Method D2872 (RTFOT), which is designed to simulate plant aging.
Note 1: PAV conditioning has not been validated for materials containing particulate materials.  
1.2 The aging of asphalt binders during service is affected by ambient temperature and by mixture-associated variables, such as the volumetric proportions of the mix, the permeability of the mix, properties of the aggregates, and possibly other factors. This conditioning process is intended to provide an evaluation of the relative resistance of different asphalt binders to oxidative aging at selected elevated aging temperatures and pressures, but cannot account for mixture variables or provide the relative resistance to aging at in-service conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method can be used for quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts at a temperature of 135 °C (275 °F) with a 60-min distillation test using current distillation apparatus. This method is suitable to obtain residues for service evaluation, quality control, and research. This distillation method is not intended to produce residues equivalent to the Test Method D6997 260 °C (500 °F) distillation procedure.
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1.1 This method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The emulsified asphalts will generally contain polymeric materials. It is especially suitable for emulsified asphalt residue properties that may be altered at the high-temperature 260 °C (500 °F) distillation. Since there is currently not a precision statement for this procedure, it is recommended to the user that this procedure not be used for buy/sell purposes at the present time.  
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1.2.1 Exception—Sample mass is given only in SI units. Sample mass as given in SI units should be regarded as standard. No other units of sample mass are included in this standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website – http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm – for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
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Note 1: This test method may be modified for use with other bituminous materials with softening points less than 85 °C [185 °F] by using a different temperature than specified in Section 7 by agreement of the interested parties. The report of results from such a test may cite this method but must clearly state the temperature employed in the exception and acknowledge that the interpretation of results in Section 9 and the precision and bias stated in Section 10 may not apply.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D5869/D5869M-07a(2023)(Practice)
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5.1 Roofing and waterproofing materials and systems undergo changes in physical properties as a result of being subjected to heat. They also undergo changes in physical properties as they age in service. Since service conditions vary widely, any relationship between changes observed in this practice and changes in service must be established by the user of this practice.
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1.1 This practice establishes a procedure and conditions of temperature and time for heat exposure of roofing and waterproofing materials and systems in the presence of air.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D4799/D4799M-17(2023)(Practice)
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4.1 This weathering apparatus is used for comparing the weathering characteristics of bituminous materials against a control material for which the outdoor weathering characteristics are known. It is not possible to establish a precise correlation between accelerated and natural weathering because (1) there are geographical climatic variations, local weather variations, and variations in local pollutants, and (2) the relation between accelerated and natural weathering is material dependent. Acceleration factors differ between materials as well as between formulations of the same material. Guide G141 provides guidance regarding this issue.
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ASTM D7552-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Complex Shear Modulus (G*) of Asphalt Mixtures Using Dynamic Shear Rheometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures is a fundamental property of the material. Test results at critical temperatures (Tcritical) are used for specifications for some mixes. Mixtures with stiffer binders, aged mixes, mixtures with higher amounts of fines (material finer than 75 µ), and mixtures with lower voids all tend to have higher complex shear modulus values than mixtures with less stiff binders, unaged mixes, mixtures with low levels of fines, and higher air voids. In general, mixtures with higher complex shear modulus values at a given service temperature will exhibit lower permanent deformation values than similar mixtures tested at the same temperature that have lower complex shear modulus values.  
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures using torsion rectangular geometry on a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). It is applicable to asphalt mixtures having complex shear modulus values greater than 1 × 104 Pa when tested over a range of temperatures from –40 °C to 76 °C at frequencies of 0.01 to 25 Hz and strains of 0.0005 % to 0.1 %. The determination of complex shear modulus is typically determined at 20 °C to 70 °C at 0.01 % strain at ten discrete frequency values covering 0.01 to 10 Hz. From these data, temperature or frequency master curves can be generated as required. This test method is intended for determining the complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures as required for specification testing or quality control of asphalt mixture production.  
1.2 This test method is appropriate for laboratory-prepared and compacted mixtures, field-produced and laboratory-compacted mixtures or field cores, regardless of binder type or grade and regardless of whether RAP is used in the mixture. Due to the geometry of the specimens being tested this test method is not applicable to open-graded or SMA mixtures. It has been found to be appropriate for dense-graded mixtures, whether coarse- or fine-graded, with 19 mm or smaller nominal maximum aggregate size.  
1.3 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, the test method is to be used for research and informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers...

  • Standard
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    English language
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  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off