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ASTM D6908-06

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems

Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The integrity test methods described are used to determine the integrity of membrane systems, and are applicable to systems containing membrane module configurations of both hollow fiber and flat sheet; such as, spiral-wound configuration. In all cases the practices apply to membranes in the RO, NF, and UF membrane classes. However, the TOC and Dye Test practices do not apply to membranes in the MF range or the upper end of the UF pore size range (0.01 μm and larger pore sizes) due to insignificant or inconsistent removal of TOC material by these membranes.
These methods may be used to identify relative changes in the integrity of a system, or used in conjunction with the equations described in 9.4, to provide a means of estimating the integrity in terms of log reduction value. For critical applications, estimated log reductions using these equations should be confirmed by experiment for the particular membrane and system configuration used.
The ability of the methods to detect any given defect is affected by the size of the system or portion of the system tested. Selecting smaller portions of the system to test will increase the sensitivity of the test to defects. When determining the size that can be tested as a discrete unit, use the guidelines supplied by the system manufacturer or the general guidelines provided in this standard.
The applicability of the tests is largely independent of system size when measured in terms of the impact of defects on the treated water quality (that is, the system LRV). This is because the bypass flow from any given defect is diluted in proportion to the systems total flowrate. For example, a 10-module system with a single defect will produce the same water quality as a 100-module system with ten of the same size defects.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the integrity of water filtration membrane elements and systems using air based tests (pressure decay and vacuum hold), soluble dye, continuous monitoring particulate light scatter techniques, and TOC monitoring tests for the purpose of rejecting particles and microbes. The tests are applicable to systems with membranes that have a nominal pore size less than about 1 m. The TOC, and Dye, tests are generally applicable to NF and RO class membranes only.
1.2 This practice does not purport to cover all available methods of integrity testing.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2006
ICS
13.060.01 - Water quality in general
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6908-05 - Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D6908-06(2010) - Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7285-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Recordkeeping Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Systems
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3923-23 - Standard Practices for Detecting Leaks in Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7601-19 - Standard Practice for Pressure Driven Membrane Separation Element/Bundle Evaluation
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006

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ASTM D6908-06 - Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane SystemsASTM D6908-06 - Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems
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ASTM D6908-06 - Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D6908 – 06
Standard Practice for
1
Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6908; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4839 Test Method for Total Carbon and Organic Carbon
in Water by Ultraviolet, or Persulfate Oxidation, or Both,
1.1 Thispracticecoversthedeterminationoftheintegrityof
and Infrared Detection
water filtration membrane elements and systems using air
D5173 Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Carbon
based tests (pressure decay and vacuum hold), soluble dye,
CompoundsinWaterbyChemicalOxidation,byUVLight
continuous monitoring particulate light scatter techniques, and
Oxidation, by Both, or by High Temperature Combustion
TOCmonitoringtestsforthepurposeofrejectingparticlesand
Followed by Gas Phase NDIR or by Electrolytic Conduc-
microbes. The tests are applicable to systems with membranes
tivity
that have a nominal pore size less than about 1 µm. The TOC,
D5904 Test Method for Total Carbon, Inorganic Carbon,
and Dye, tests are generally applicable to NF and RO class
and Organic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate
membranes only.
Oxidation, and Membrane Conductivity Detection
1.2 This practice does not purport to cover all available
D5997 Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Total Car-
methods of integrity testing.
bon, Inorganic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Oxidation, and Membrane Conductivity Detection
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltra-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Pro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cesses
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6698 Test Method for On-Line Measurement ofTurbidity
2. Referenced Documents
Below 5 NTU in Water
2
E20 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 µm by Optical Micros-
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3
copy
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
E128 Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Per-
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
meability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
F658 Practice for Calibration of a Liquid-Borne Particle
D3864 Guide for Continual On-Line Monitoring Systems
Counter Using an Optical System Based Upon Light
for Water Analysis
3
Extinction
D3923 Practices for Detecting Leaks in Reverse Osmosis
and Nanofiltration Devices
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
tice, refer to Terminologies D6161 and D1129.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
3.1.1 For description of terms relating to cross flow mem-
Exchange Materials.
brane systems, refer to Terminology D6161.
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2006.PublishedJuly2006.Originallyapproved
in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6908–05. DOI: 10.1520/
3.1.2 For definition of terms relating to dissolved carbon
D6908-06.
and carbon analyzers, refer to D5173, D5904 and D5997.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6908 – 06
3.1.3 bubble point—when the pores of a membrane are systems containing membrane module configurations of both
filled with liquid and air pressure is applied to one side of the hollowfiberandflatsheet;suchas,spiral-woundconfiguration.
membrane, surface tension prevents the liquid in the pores In all cases the practices apply to membranes in the RO, NF,
from being blown out by air pressure below a minimum and UF membrane classes. However, the TOC and Dye Test
pressure known as the bubble point. practices do not apply to membranes in the MF range or the
3.1.4 equivalent diameter—the diameter of a pore or defect upper end of the UF pore size range (0.01 µm and larger pore
calculated from its bubble point using Eq 1 (see 9.3). This is sizes) due to insignificant or inconsistent removal of TOC
not
...

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1.3 Analyte concentrations from 0.05 µg/L up to approximately 5 µg/L may be determined without dilution of the sample. Analytes with insufficient sensitivity will not be detected, but they can be measured with acceptable accuracy and precision when present in sufficient amounts. In addition, newer instruments, or instruments of improved sensitivity may be used to lower detection limits.  
1.4 Analytes that are not separated chromatographically, but that have different mass spectra and noninterfering quantitation ions, can be identified and measured in the same calibration mixture or water sample. Analytes that have very similar product ions cannot be individually identified and measured in the same calibration mixture or water sample unless they have different retention times.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use by samplers, technicians, or analysts to verify that samples are preserved or at the proper pH specified in analytical procedures.  
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4.1 The integrity test methods described are used to determine the integrity of membrane systems, and are applicable to systems containing membrane module configurations of both hollow fiber and flat sheet; such as, spiral-wound configuration. In all cases the practices apply to membranes in the RO, NF, and UF membrane classes. However, the TOC and Dye Test practices do not apply to membranes in the MF range or the upper end of the UF pore size range (0.01 μm and larger pore sizes) due to insignificant or inconsistent removal of TOC material by these membranes.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Microplastics Particle and Fiber Size, Distribution, Shape, and Concentration in Waters with High to Low Suspended Solids Using a Dynamic Image Particle Size and Shape Analyzer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many microplastic particles enter the environment, including ambient waters and drinking water supplies, via wastewater sources resulting from both industrial processes and consumer products. The presence of high percentages of organic particles, including cellulose material originating from toilet paper and chitin-based materials originating from insect exoskeletons, makes visual identification and subsequent quantification of microplastic particles in wastewater difficult.  
5.2 This test method, associated sampling Practice D8332, and preparation Practice D8333 provide a standardized approach for the preparation of water and, particularly, wastewater samples. The isolation of microplastic particles from interfering contaminants by Practice D8333 enables positive identification and, therefore, quantification of microplastic particles.  
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1.2 This test method is used as a complementary technique for microplastic particle and fiber polymer identification methods infrared microscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy pyrolysis.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Estimations of oil slick thickness are useful for:  
3.1.1 Estimating amount (volume) of oil in an area,  
3.1.2 Positioning oil spill countermeasures in optimal locations,  
3.1.3 Evaluating a spill situation,  
3.1.4 Estimating volume for legal or prosecution purposes, such as for an illegal discharge, and  
3.1.5 Developing spill control strategies.  
3.2 This guide is only applicable to thin sheens (sheen and rainbow sheen up to about 3 μm). Thick oil and water-in-oil emulsions do not show visual differences with respect to thickness (1, 2).3
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for estimating the thickness of oil on water using only visual clues.  
1.2 This guide applies to oil-on-water and does not pertain to oil on land or other surfaces.  
1.3 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water conditions.  
1.4 The thickness values obtained using this guide are at best estimates because the appearance of oil on water may be affected by a number of factors including oil type, sea state, visibility conditions, view angle, and weather.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8294-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimating pH to Verify Status of Aqueous Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use by samplers, technicians, or analysts to verify that samples are preserved or at the proper pH specified in analytical procedures.  
5.2 The pH is indicated within about 1 pH unit for wide-range paper and within 0.5 pH units for narrow-range paper.  
5.3 Unless stated otherwise in the test method, a wide-range paper estimating pH within 1 unit is suitable.  
5.4 A narrow-range pH paperstrip may be used for test methods with tighter pH requirements; however, accuracy better than ±0.5 pH units of the estimate should not be implied.  
5.5 Rapid pH tests allow users to make spot determinations directly without auxiliary equipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides information on verifying the pH of aqueous samples before analysis. This practice is not intended to be used for non-aqueous samples like oil or grease.  
1.2 This practice may also be used in adjusting pH of samples during various analytical steps.  
1.3 Wide-range pH papers/strips are used for a rapid indication of pH to within about 1 pH unit, and narrow-range pH papers/strips are used to indicate pH within about 0.5 pH units.  
1.4 In some instances, a universal liquid indicator may be used.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM International standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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