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ASTM D3106-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns

Standard Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test Method D 3106 for testing permanent deformation of elastomeric yarns is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments when there is prior agreement as to the exact value of elongation to be used for testing, since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable.
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more) comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Yarns are subjected to long periods of tension resulting in an appreciable amount of stretch during normal use. A portion of the induced stretch may be permanent. The amount of permanent deformation is influenced by the amount of tension, the time the yarn is under tension and the time available for recovery between successive uses.
For optimum processing of elastomeric yarns, the permanent deformation value should be low or zero.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permanent deformation of bare, continuous elastomeric monofilaments and filament yarns made from rubber, spandex, anidex, or other elastomers subjected to prolonged periods of tension. This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a linear density in the range from 4 to 320 tex (36 to 2900 den.).
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, core-spun yarns, or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.
1.3 This test method was developed using yarns in the "as-received" condition, but may be used for treated yarns provided the treatment is specified.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2006
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3106-01 - Standard Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D3106-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007

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ASTM D3106-07 - Standard Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric YarnsASTM D3106-07 - Standard Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns
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ASTM D3106-07 - Standard Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3106–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
breaking force, elastomeric yarn, elongation, elongation at
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perma-
break, extension, force, linear density, length distribution,
nent deformation of bare, continuous elastomeric monofila-
permanent deformation, velveteen.
ments and filament yarns made from rubber, spandex, anidex,
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
or other elastomers subjected to prolonged periods of tension.
Terminology D123.
This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a
linear density in the range from 4 to 320 tex (36 to 2900 den.).
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped,
4.1 The nominal linear density of the sample is known or
core-spun yarns, or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.
determined and the elongation at the breaking force is deter-
1.3 This test method was developed using yarns in the
mined from representative specimens.
“as-received” condition, but may be used for treated yarns
4.2 A specimen from the sample is placed in a pair of
provided the treatment is specified.
line-contact clamps and held at a selected elongation for a
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
specified period of time. The permanent deformation or non-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
recoverable stretch is measured after a specified recovery
only.
period.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Test Method D3106 for testing permanent deformation
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of elastomeric yarns is considered satisfactory for acceptance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
testing of commercial shipments when there is prior agreement
2. Referenced Documents as to the exact value of elongation to be used for testing, since
2 current estimates of between-laboratory precision are accept-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
able.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-
D2433 Test Methods for Rubber Thread
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more)
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
3. Terminology a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homoge-
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
neous as possible, drawn from the material from which the
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in
equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results
from the two laboratories should be compared using a statis-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
tical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originally
foundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterialmust
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3106 – 01 DOI:
10.1520/D3106-07.
be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Yarns are subjected to long periods of tension resulting
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in an appreciable amount of stretch during normal use. A
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. portion of the induced stretch may be permanent. The amount
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3106–07
of permanent deformation is influenced by the amount of 7. Sampling
tension, the time the yarn is under tension and the time
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
available for recovery between successive uses.
take at random the number of shipping cartons of elastomeric
5
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to rovings.  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
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Standard Test Method for Yarn Number and Yarn Number Variability Using Automated Tester

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5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

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5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
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5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM
ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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