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ASTM G92-86(2003)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites

Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice gives suggested procedures for characterization of atmospheric test sites. It can be useful to researchers, manufacturers, engineering firms, architects, and construction contractors to provide corrosion and environmental data, materials selection information, and a materials storage practice.
This practice does not give specific parameters for classifying the type of test site. PROCEDURES  Top
SCOPE
1.1 This practice gives suggested procedures for the characterization of atmospheric test sites. Continuous characterization can provide corrosion data, environmental data, or both which will signal changes in corrosivity of the atmospheric environment. This practice can also provide guidance for classification of future test sites.
1.2 Two methods are defined in this practice for the characterization of atmospheric test sites. The methods are identified as characterization Methods A and B. The preferred characterization technique would require using both Method A and B for concurrent data collection.
1.2.1 Method A is to be used when atmospheric corrosion is monitored on a continuing basis at a test site using specified materials and exposure configurations.
1.2.2 Method B is specified when atmospheric factors are monitored on a continuing basis.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
20-Nov-1986
ICS
19.040 - Environmental testing
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.04 - Corrosion of Metals in Natural Atmospheric and Aqueous Environments
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G92-86(1997)e1 - Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
Effective Date
21-Nov-1986
Replaced By
ASTM G92-86(2010) - Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Referred By
ASTM G112-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Exfoliation Corrosion Tests in Aluminum Alloys
Effective Date
21-Nov-1986
Referred By
ASTM G50-20 - Standard Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests on Metals
Effective Date
21-Nov-1986
Referred By
ASTM G140-02(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining Atmospheric Chloride Deposition Rate by Wet Candle Method
Effective Date
21-Nov-1986
Referred By
ASTM G116-99(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Conducting Wire-on-Bolt Test for Atmospheric Galvanic Corrosion
Effective Date
21-Nov-1986

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ASTM G92-86(2003) - Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test SitesASTM G92-86(2003) - Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
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ASTM G92-86(2003) - Standard Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G92 – 86 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Practice for
Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G92; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G84 Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Sur-
faces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric
1.1 This practice gives suggested procedures for the char-
Corrosion Testing
acterization of atmospheric test sites. Continuous characteri-
G91 Practice for Monitoring Atmospheric SO Using the
ization can provide corrosion data, environmental data, or both 2
Sulfation Plate Technique
which will signal changes in corrosivity of the atmospheric
environment. This practice can also provide guidance for
3. Summary of Methods
classification of future test sites.
3.1 Characterization Method A is to be used when atmo-
1.2 Two methods are defined in this practice for the char-
spheric corrosion data are to be obtained.
acterization of atmospheric test sites. The methods are identi-
3.1.1 Corrosion tests to measure the corrosivity of the test
fied as characterization Methods A and B. The preferred
site should follow the procedure established by Practice G50.
characterization technique would require using both MethodA
Additional special instructions are identified in this procedure
and B for concurrent data collection.
relating to types of materials for corrosion characterization
1.2.1 MethodAis to be used when atmospheric corrosion is
tests, time of test exposure, positioning of test specimens,
monitored on a continuing basis at a test site using specified
removal of test specimens and proper identification, cleaning
materials and exposure configurations.
practices, and reporting of data.
1.2.2 Method B is specified when atmospheric factors are
3.2 Characterization Method B is to be used when atmo-
monitored on a continuing basis.
spheric climatological factors influencing the corrosion of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
metals are to be monitored.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 Several atmospheric factors which have been identi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fied as having significant bearing on the corrosion of metals
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
include, but are not limited to, sulfur dioxide, chlorides,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature, humidity, precipitation, time of wetness, and
2. Referenced Documents atmospheric particulate matter.
3.3 The preferred technique utilizes both Methods A and B
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for concurrent data to be collected.
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
3.3.1 Should either Method A or B be singled out as the
B6 Specification for Zinc
primary technique to be used on a continuing basis, both
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
should be used at some point in time to establish a data base.
sion Test Specimens
The availability of computerized weather stations greatly
G50 Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests
facilitates the collection of reliable atmospheric data.
on Metals
4. Significance and Use
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
4.1 This practice gives suggested procedures for character-
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on Atmospheric
ization of atmospheric test sites. It can be useful to researchers,
Corrosion.
manufacturers, engineering firms, architects, and construction
Current edition approved Nov. 21, 1986. Published January 1987. DOI: 10.1520/
G0092-86R03.
contractors to provide corrosion and environmental data, ma-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
terials selection information, and a materials storage practice.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 This practice does not give specific parameters for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. classifying the type of test site.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G92 – 86 (2003)
PROCEDURES 5.2.2 An identifying code should be assigned to each
specimen. Locating a permanent code on each test specimen
5. Method A can be accomplished easily by using a code template (Fig. 1).
5.2.2.1 Pre-assignment of codes for a definite test period is
5.1 Materials:
suggested. After a temporary mark is placed on the specimen,
5.1.1 The materials recommended for conducting atmo-
a permanent drilled code (a series of 2.5 mm holes) should
spheric corrosion characterization studies are copper-bearing
perforate the test specimen.
structural carbon steel (such as Specification A36/A36M with
5.2.3 All test specimens of the same alloy should be cleaned
0.2 % copper min) and high-purity zinc (Specification B6 high
by the same procedure to ensure a comparative surface finish
grade).
following the guidance of Practice G1. The recommended
5.1.2 Materials recommended are the absolute minimum
practice suggested for cleaning is (a) degrease and pickle, if
required to serve as a characterization base for test sites.
necessary, to remove grease, mill scale, or other impurities; (b)
Additional materials should be added to meet individual needs.
scrub with pumice and britle brush until free of water-break;
Sufficient material should be obtained at the start to insure that
(c) dry with towels; and (d) place in a desiccator for 2 h before
an ample supply of the same heat is available to complete the
weighing.
characterization test. If tests are on-going and additional
materials must be obtained, care should be taken in attempting
5.2.4 Specimens should be weighed (61.0 mg) and original
to match material compositions. mass recorded on a data sheet (Table 1). Specific information,
such as nominal composition, density, and exposed area should
5.1.3 Sufficient specimens should be prepared to comply
with the specific criteria for the planned characterization test. also be recorded.
5.2.5 Specimensshouldbestoredinadesiccatororsealedin
5.2 Material Preparation:
airtight storage bags until the time of exposure.
5.2.1 Testspecimensshouldbeshearedtosize,forexample,
100 3 150 mm. 5.3 Exposure of Test Specimens:
* Template contains 126 drilled holes
FIG. 1 Sample Atmospheric Specimen Drill Code Identification Template
G92 – 86 (2003)
TABLE 1 Sample Data Sheet for Atmospheric Corrosion Data
Test Site: Kure Beach (250m lot) Latitude: 34° 008 N
Exposure Dates: 10/7/61 to 10/6/62 Longitude: 77° 558 W
Mass (g) Mass Loss Per Corrosion
Exposure
Material Code Unit Area Rate
Period (days)
Original Final Loss
(mg/m ) (mm/y)
Cu-steel A1-B2 365 196.583 187.332 9.251 2.86 3 10 0.0365
Zinc A2-B2 365 67.521 66.938 0.583 1.84 3 10 0.0026
Test Method Documentation
Steel Zinc
1. Composition (weight %) 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 0.01 P, 0.027 S, 0.24 Si, 0.01 Cu, 0.012 Cd, 0.03 Pb, 0.02 Fe,
0.21 Cu, 0.05 Ni, 0.03 Cr, Balance Fe Balance Zn
3 3 3
2. Density (g/cm ) 7.85 g/cm 7.13 g/cm
3. Dimensions (mm) 100 3 150 3 2.00 mm 100 3 150 3 2.00 mm
2 2 2
4. Exposed area (cm ) 322.9 cm 317.7 cm
TABLE 2 Sample Data Sheet for Atmospheric Climatological Data
Test Site: Kure Beach (250m lot) Latitude: 34° 008 N
Dates: 5/1/83 to 5/3/83 Longitude: 77° 558 W
Time of Wetness
Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Precipitation
Date (h/day)
(mm)
High Low Mean High Low Mean Skyward Groundward
5/1/83 25.6 12.8 19.2 100 56 82 0 12 13
5/2/83 26.1 16.7 21.4 97 56 82 0 10 13
5/3/83 26.7 17.8 22.2 100 60 85 1.3 12 14
5.3.1 The frequency at which test specimens should be 5.4 Removals and Reporting:
exposed at a test site is dictated by the specific needs for data.
5.4.1 After the predetermined exposure period is completed
5.3.2 Triplicate specimens of each material should be ex-
(for example, one year), the specimens should be removed and
posed for each test period.
placed in pre-labeled envelopes. Observations or photographs
5.3.3 An exposure period of one year is suggested as a
needed to document appearance can be made at this time or
minimum, multiple periods should be considered, for example,
after the specimens reach the laboratory or other process area.
3, 6, and 12 months; 1 and 2 years or 1, 2, and 4 years. Shorter
Wet specimens should be carefully dried if extended storage
test periods may be necessary where corrosion is severe and
(more than 24 h) is anticipated before cleaning.
longer
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Results obtained from this practice can be used to compare the relative durability of materials subjected to the specific test cycle used. No accelerated test can be specified as a perfect simulation of natural or field exposures. Results obtained from this practice can be considered as representative of natural weathering only when a sufficient magnitude of mathematical correlation exists between exposures.  
4.2 The acceleration factor relating the rate of degradation in this accelerated exposure to the rate of degradation in a natural weathering exposure varies with the type and formulation of the material. Each material and formulation may respond differently to the increased level of irradiance and differences in temperature and humidity. Thus an acceleration factor determined for one material may not be applicable to other materials. For this reason, the use of a single acceleration factor is not recommended. Also, a different acceleration factor may be obtained by using different mirror types and configurations. Because of variability in test results for both accelerated and natural weathering exposures, results from a sufficient number of tests must be obtained to determine an acceleration factor for a material. Further, the acceleration factor is applicable to only one exposure location because results from natural weathering will vary due to seasonal or annual differences in climatic factors.  
4.3 The relative durability of materials determined by this practice can be used to determine the relative durability of the materials exposed under natural weathering conditions provided the materials have similar acceleration factors. However, even if results from a specific accelerated test condition are found to be useful for comparing the durability of materials exposed in a particular exterior location, it cannot be assumed that they will be useful for determining the relative durability for a different location. The relative durability of materials in n...
SCOPE
1.1 Linear Fresnel reflector concentrators using the sun as source are utilized in the accelerated outdoor exposure testing of materials.  
1.2 This practice covers a procedure for performing accelerated outdoor exposure testing of materials using a linear Fresnel reflector, accelerated outdoor weathering, test machine. The apparatus (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and guidelines are described herein to minimize the variables encountered during outdoor accelerated exposure testing.    
1.3 This practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the materials to be tested but is limited to the method of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the procedures and certain conditions of the exposure. Sample preparation, test conditions, and evaluation of results are covered in existing methods or specifications for specific materials.  
1.4 The linear Fresnel reflector accelerated outdoor exposure test apparatus described may be suitable for the determination of the relative durability of materials when these materials are exposed to concentrated sunlight, heat, and moisture.  
1.5 This practice establishes uniform sample mounting and in-test maintenance procedures. Also included in the practice are standard provisions for maintenance of the machine and linear Fresnel reflector mirrors to ensure cleanliness and durability.  
1.6 This practice shall apply to specimens whose size meets the dimensions of the target board as described in 8.2.  
1.7 For test machines currently in use, this practice is not recommended for specimens exceeding 13 mm (1/2 in.) in thickness because of specimen cooling.  
1.8 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate...

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ASTM
ASTM E324-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Relative Initial and Final Melting Points and the Melting Range of Organic Chemicals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It has long been recognized that narrow melting range and high final melting point are good indications of high purity in crystalline organic compounds. Several ASTM test methods use these criteria to assay the purity of organic compounds (Note 1).
Note 1: Other ASTM test methods using melting (or freezing point) data to indicate sample purity are Test Methods D852 and D6875.  
5.2 The relatively simple and rapid test prescribed in this test method shows the sample under test to be either more or less pure than the standard sample. For specification purposes, a minimum allowable purity can be assured by setting limits on the differences in final melting points and the melting ranges between the standard sample and the sample under test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by a capillary tube method, of the initial melting point and the final melting point, which define the melting range, of samples of organic chemicals whose melting points without decomposition fall between 30 °C and 250 °C.  
1.2 This test method is applicable only to crystalline materials that are sufficiently stable in storage to met the requirements of a satisfactory standard sample as defined in Section 7.  
1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to opaque materials or to noncrystalline materials such as waxes, fats, and fatty acids.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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