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ASTM B874-96(2008)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process

Standard Specification for Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for chromium diffusion of metals applied by pack cementation process. The four classes of chromium diffusion coating, defined by the type of base metal, are as follows: Class I (carbon steels); Class II (low-alloy steels); Class III (stainless steels); and Class IV (nickel-based alloys). Specimens shall adhere to processing requirements such as substrate preparation, materials (masteralloys, activators, and inert fillers), loading, furnace cycle, post cleaning, post straightening, visual inspection, and marking and packaging. Specimens shall also adhere to coating requirements such as diffusion thickness, decarburization, chromium content, appearance, and mechanical properties (tensile strength, and macro- and micro-hardness).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for chromium diffusion of metals by the pack cementation method. Pack diffusion employs the chemical vapor deposition of a metal which is subsequently diffused into the surface of a substrate at high temperature. The material to be coated (substrate) is immersed or suspended in a powder containing chromium (source), a halide salt (activator), and an inert diluent such as alumina (filler). When the mixture is heated, the activator reacts to produce an atmosphere of chromium halides which transfers chromium to the substrate for subsequent diffusion. The chromium-rich surface enhances corrosion, thermal stability, and wear-resistant properties.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2008
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.03 - Engineering Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B874-96(2003) - Standard Specification for Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Replaced By
ASTM B874-96(2013) - Standard Specification for Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process
Effective Date
01-Dec-2013

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ASTM B874-96(2008) - Standard Specification for Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation ProcessASTM B874-96(2008) - Standard Specification for Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process
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ASTM B874-96(2008) - Standard Specification for Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B874 −96(Reapproved2008)
Standard Specification for
Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation
Process
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3951Practice for Commercial Packaging
E766Practice for Calibrating the Magnification of a Scan-
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverstherequirementsforchromium
ning Electron Microscope
diffusion of metals by the pack cementation method. Pack
E1077Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-
diffusion employs the chemical vapor deposition of a metal
ization of Steel Specimens
whichissubsequentlydiffusedintothesurfaceofasubstrateat
F1330Guide for Metallic Abrasive Blasting to Descale the
high temperature. The material to be coated (substrate) is
Interior of Pipe
immersed or suspended in a powder containing chromium
(source), a halide salt (activator), and an inert diluent such as
3. Terminology
alumina (filler). When the mixture is heated, the activator
reacts to produce an atmosphere of chromium halides which
3.1 Definitions used in this specification are in accordance
transfers chromium to the substrate for subsequent diffusion.
with Terminology B374.
The chromium-rich surface enhances corrosion, thermal
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
stability, and wear-resistant properties.
3.2.1 diffusion coating—a diffusion coating is one produced
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bycausinganelementtoreactwithordiffuseinto,orboth,the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surface of a metallic substrate, thus, chemically altering the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
surface of the substrate.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 retorts—containers in which powder and parts are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
packed for processing. They can be constructed of carbon,
stainless, or high alloys and fabricated in all shapes and sizes
2. Referenced Documents
to accommodate parts being processed.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 significant surface—areas that are essential to the
B374Terminology Relating to Electroplating
serviceabilityorfunctionofthearticle.Thesesurfacesmustbe
B487Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
identifiedonadrawingormarked-upsampleofproduct.Areas
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
can fall into one of three categories as follows:
Cross Section
3.2.4 coating required—these surfaces must be in accor-
B602Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
dance with all quality requirements of this specification.
Inorganic Coatings
B697Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
3.2.5 no coating required—these surfaces are areas where
of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
no coating is allowed due to a number of reasons including
B762Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic and
dimensional, fabrication, and welding, as well as others.
Inorganic Coatings
Materials used for masking are commercially available.
C664Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion Coating
3.2.6 optional—these surfaces do not require coating, but at
the same time do not require masking.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
4. Classification
Metallic and Inorganic Coatingsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B08.03 on Engineering Coatings.
4.1 Therearefourclassesofchromiumdiffusiondefinedby
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
base (basis) metal category.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B874–96 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/B0874-96R08. 4.1.1 Class I—Carbon steel.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1.2 Class II—Low-alloy steels.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1.3 Class III—Stainless steels.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 4.1.4 Class IV—Nickel-based alloys.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B874−96(2008)
5. Ordering Information 6.6 Post-Straightening—Long tubes may have distortion
due to the high temperature of process. Use rotary straightener
5.1 In order to make the application of this specification
or hydraulic press to restore straightness and ovality.
complete,thepurchasershallsupplythefollowinginformation
6.7 Visual Inspection—Inspect in accordance with 7.3.
to the vendor through a purchase order and drawings:
5.1.1 Title,ASTM designation number, and date of issue of
6.8 Marking and Packaging—To be defined by the pur-
this specification.
chaser in the purchase order. Parts processed for the U.S.
5.1.2 Deposit by classification (see Section 4).
government and military, including subcontract, shall be pack-
aged in accordance with Practice D3951.
5.1.3 Composition and metallurgical condition of substrate
to be coated.
7. Coating Requirements
5.1.4 Location of significant surfaces (see 3.2.3).
5.1.5 Samples for destructive metallurgical test (see 8.1).
7.1 Diffusion Thickness—The following are minimums for
5.1.6 Any post heat treatment required.
the different classes of materials based on standard process
5.1.7 Acceptance inspection procedure to be used (see parameters. Thicker coatings require special processing and
must be called out for in the purchase order if required.
Section 9).
5.1.8 Any requirement for certification (see Section 11).
Class Minimum, in.
Class I (carbon) 0.003
Class II (low alloys) 0.003
6. Processing Requirements
Class III (stainless steels) 0.002
Class IV (nickel base alloys) 0.001
6.1 Substrate Preparation—Themetaltobechromizedshall
7.2 Decarburization—For certain Class I and Class II
be free of flaws and defects that will be detrimental to the
materials,themaximumdepthofdecarburizationtobedefined
coating. Thorough cleaning is essential to ensure satisfactory
by the purchaser.
diffusion. Materials used for cleaning should not damage the
base metal. Oils, dirt, grease, and stains must be removed.
7.3 Chromium Content—The outer 15% of coating shall
Whenblastingisalsorequired,usealuminumoxide(90to220
contain a minimum of 20% (by weight) chromium.
mesh) at 60 to 80 psi from 4 to 6 in. standoff. (Refer to Guide
7.4 Appearance—The diffusion zone shall be nonporous
F1330.)
andadherenttothebasemetalandshallhaveauniformsurface
6.2 Materials: free from objectionable imperfections. Minor variations in
color and surface appearance shall be considered acceptable,
6.2.1 Masteralloy with 50 to 100 % Pure Chromium —Sold
providing the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2 are met (see 8.7).
under a number of trade names, in various mesh sizes.
Percentage in mix depends on material being processed.
8. Test Methods
6.2.2 Activator—Most commonly used is ammonium
chloride, but many others are available. Percentage in mix
8.1 Special Test Specimens:
depends on material and type of activity.
8.1.1 The permission or the requirements to use special test
6.2.3 Inert Filler—Aluminum oxide or calcined alumina is
specimens, the number to be used, the material from which
used and co
...

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