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ASTM D3559-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water

Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test for lead is necessary because it is a toxicant and because there is a limit specified for lead in potable water in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. This test serves to determine whether the lead content of potable water is above or below the acceptable limit.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in water and waste water by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included as follows:ConcentrationRangeSectionsTest Method A-Atomic Absorption, Direct1.0 to 10 mg/L7 to 15Test Method B-Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction100 to 1000 μg/L16 to 24Test Method C-Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry1 to 100 μg/L25 to 35Test Method D-Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace5 to 100 μg/L36 to 44
1.2 Test Method B can be used to determine lead in brines. Test Method D has been used successfully with reagent water, lake water, well water, filtered tap water, condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process, waste treatment plant effluent, and a production plant process water.
1.3 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 10.4.1, Note 2, 11.2, 11.3, 21.7, 21.8, 21.11, 23.7, 23.10, 32.2.1, and 33.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2003
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3559-96 - Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D3559-08 - Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D1068-15 - Standard Test Methods for Iron in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1581-08(2020) - Standard Specification for Composition of Anorganic Bone for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D3645-15 - Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D3557-17 - Standard Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4309-18 - Standard Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of Total Metals in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D858-17 - Standard Test Methods for Manganese in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8006-16 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Analysis of Residential and Commercial Water Supply Wells in Areas of Exploration and Production (E&P) Operations
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D1886-14(2021)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Nickel in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D1691-17 - Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D1971-16(2021)e1 - Standard Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Determination of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D857-17 - Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4382-18 - Standard Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D1688-17 - Standard Test Methods for Copper in Water
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003

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ASTM D3559-03 - Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 3559 – 03
Standard Test Methods for
1
Lead in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope* D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
3
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverthedeterminationofdissolved
3
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
and total recoverable lead in water and waste water by
2 D1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse
3
and Steam in Closed Conduits
anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included
3
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
as follows:
3
D1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
Concentration
3
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
Range Sections
3
Test Method A—Atomic Absorption, Direct 1.0 to 10 mg/L 7 to 15
D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, 100 to 1000 µg/L 16 to 24
3
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
Chelation-Extraction
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Test Method C—Differential Pulse Anodic 1to100 µg/L 25to35
3
Stripping Voltammetry
Applicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
Test Method D—Atomic Absorption, 5to100 µg/L 36to44
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
Graphite Furnace
3
duits
1.2 Test Method B can be used to determine lead in brines. 3
D3557 Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
Test Method D has been used successfully with reagent water, 3
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
lake water, well water, filtered tap water, condensate from a
D3919 Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by
medium Btu coal gasification process, waste treatment plant 3
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
effluent, and a production plant process water.
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
1.3 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of 3
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 3
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5847 Practice for the Writing Quality Control Specifica-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3
tions for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E 60 Practice for Photometric and Spectrophotometric
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals
bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecifichazards
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
statements, see 10.4.1, Note 2, 11.2, 11.3, 21.7, 21.8, 21.11,
of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near Infrared Spectrophotom-
23.7, 23.10, 32.2.1, and 33.1. 5
eters
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms used in these test
3
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 total recoverable lead—an arbitrary analytical term
relatingtotherecoverableformsofleadthataredeterminedby
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on the digestion method which are included in the procedure.
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
Constituents in Water.
4. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published January 2003. Originally
4.1 Thetestforleadisnecessarybecauseitisatoxicantand
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D3559–96.
2
Platte,J.A.,andMarcy,V.M.,“ANewToolfortheWaterChemist,” Industrial becausethereisalimitspecifiedforleadinpotablewaterinthe
Water Engineering, May 1965.
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. This
Brown, E., Skougstad, M. W., and Fishman, M. J., “Methods for Collection and
Analysis of Water Samples for Dissolved Minerals and Gases,” Techniques of
Water-Resources Investigations of the U. S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter ,
4
1970, p. 115. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3559–03
test serves to determine whether the lead content of potable 9. Interferences
water is above or below the acceptab
...

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1.1 This test method covers a method for analysis of selected pesticides in a water matrix by filtration followed with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The samples are prepared in 20 % methanol, filtered, and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This method was developed for an agricultural run-off study, not for low level analysis of pesticides in drinking water. This method may be modified for lower level analysis. The analytes are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 A full collaborative study to meet the requirements of Practice D2777 has not been completed. This standard contains single-operator precision and bias based on single-operator data. Publication of standards that have not been fully validated is done to make the current technology accessible to users of standards, and to solicit additional input from the user community.  
1.3 A reporting limit check sample (RLCS) is analyzed during every batch to ensure that if an analyte was present in a sample at or near the reporting limit it would be positively identified and accurately quantitated within set quality control limits. A method detection limit (MDL) study was not done for this method, the method detection limits would be much lower than the reporting limits in this method and would be irrelevant. A RLCS was determined to be more applicable for this standard. If this method is adapted to report much lower or near the MDL then a MDL study would be warranted.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The Reporting Range for the target analytes are listed in Table 1.  
1.5.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 6 after taking into account an 8 mL water sample volume and a final diluted sample volume of 10 mL (80 % water/20 % methanol).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7485-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 NP and OP have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The source of NP and OP is prominently from the use of common commercial surfactants. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The ethoxylate chain is readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and, under anaerobic conditions, NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This method has been investigated and is applicable for environmental waters, including seawater.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), and octylphenol (OP), extracted from water utilizing solid phase extraction (SPE), separated using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These compounds are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to single reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The method detection limit (MDL) and reporting limit (RL) for NP, NP1EO, NP2EO, and OP are listed in Table 1.    
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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