ASTM D4941-89(2004)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D4941–89(Reapproved2004)
Standard Practice for
Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 drawdown, n—a layer of paint deposited on a sub-
strate by use of a drawdown bar for the evaluation of paint
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of
characteristics.
artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints
using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.
4. Summary of Practice
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from
4.1 The paint is spread over the area of the test panel to be
these paints is included.
covered by the drawdown and the bar is pulled down with
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
pressure just sufficient to avoid lifting of the bar from the chart
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
surface.
only.
4.2 Test panels are allowed to dry in a dust-free environ-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.3 If complete hiding (opacity) is needed and not produced
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by a single paint film, a second film is applied at a 90° angle to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the first. If required, additional layers may be applied using a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
narrower drawdown bar.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Quality standards for artists’ paints require the evalua-
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,
tion of various appearance characteristics of paint films.
and Applications
Tinting strength determination (Test Method D 4838) specifi-
D 4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting
cally requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric
Strength of Chromatic Paints
measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation,
E 1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrophotometric Data for
transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also
Object-Color Evaluation
require drawdown samples.
3. Terminology 5.2 Artists’ tube paints have a paste consistency that makes
the use of traditional film application methods difficult, espe-
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D16 for definitions of
cially for drying oil paints.
terms used in this practice.
5.3 Artists’ paints vary in two properties important to the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time.
3.2.1 drawdown bar, n—a metal applicator with a specified
Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation
gap designed to deposit a wet paint film uniformly on a
require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate.
specified test panel (for example, an opacity chart) or other
Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce
substrate.
complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the
specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is
necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
without these defects through application of a series of thin
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
films.
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artists’ Paints and Related Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
e1
6. Apparatus
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 4941 – 89 (1999) .
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Drawdown Bars, two, of different widths with a clear-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ance of 0.152 mm (0.006 in.). Recommended widths are 7.6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cm (3 in.) and 15.2 cm (6 in.). The second bar is required to
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D4941–89 (200
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