ASTM F504-05(2017)e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: F504 − 05 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Quasi-Static Release Moments of Alpine Ski
Bindings
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF504;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Corrected Fig.7 editorially in March 2022.
1. Scope ISO 9462Alpine Ski Bindings–Safety Requirements and
Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the measure-
ISO 9465Alpine Ski Bindings–Lateral Release under Im-
ment of release moments of ski bindings under conditions
pact Loading-Test Method
where inertia loadings of the ski binding system are not
significant.
3. Terminology
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 The following terminology is introduced with reference
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to the sketch of the boot-ski system shown in Fig. 1.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 Six points of load application to the standard test ski
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
are required. With the adult boot sole (300 mm in length) the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mostforwardpoint,locatedataposition90 60.5cmfromthe
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
centerline of the test shaft, shall be called the “forward point”
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
andshallbedesignatedas F.Thesecondpoint,45 60.5cmin
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
front of the centerline of the test shaft, shall be designated the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
“near point,” N. The third point, located 45 6 0.5 cm behind
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
thecenterlineofthetestshaft,shallbedesignated“rearpoint,”
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
R. The fourth point, located 35 6 0.5 cm in front of the center
line of the test shaft, shall be designated the “near preload
2. Referenced Documents
point,” NP. The fifth point, located 75 6 0.5 cm behind the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
centerline of the test shaft shall be designated the “far rear
F498Test Method for Center Spring Constant and Spring
point,” FRP.Thesixthpoint,the“alternatenearpreloadpoint,”
Constant Balance of Alpine Skis
ANP, is located 7.5 6 0.25 cm, in the minus y-direction from
F779Test Method for Torsion Characteristic of Alpine Skis
the point NP. For sole lengths longer than 300 mm the F and
F944Specification for Properties ofAdultAlpine Ski Boots
FR points are not changed from the location used for the 300
(Withdrawn 2004)
mm boot sole. For sole lengths shorter than 300 mm the N, R,
2.2 ISO Standard:
ANPand NPpoints are not changed from the location used for
ISO 9838Alpine Ski Bindings–Test Soles for Ski Binding
the300mmsole.Forbindingswhicharetobeusedexclusively
Tests
with skis shorter than the test ski, F and FR tests shall be
performed at the N and R points. If the ski is too short for the
specifiedNandRpoints,NandRshallbemovedclosertothe
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F27 on Snow
z-axis by 10 cm each, and all tests performed using the new N
and Water Sports and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F27.10 on
and R points. The forces that are applied to the standard ski at
Binding Test Procedures.
these six designated points may now be described by simple
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published January 2017. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F504–05 (2012).
vector notation. A laboratory-fixed axis designation shall be
DOI: 10.1520/F0504-05R17E01.
usedwiththenumeral zdenotingtheverticalaxisnormaltothe
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
top face of the ski (in the region of the test shaft) and positive
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in the direction outward from the ski; the numeral x denoting
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
the longitudinal axis, positive in the forward direction of the
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
ski; and the numeral y denoting the lateral axis, the positive
www.astm.org.
direction of which is determined by the right-hand rule. The
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. z-axis is coincident with the centerline of the test shaft. The
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F504 − 05 (2017)
withoutimplyingthefrequencyorthemagnitudeofthedanger.
This test method does not include the simulation of all or part
of a skier, and care must be taken not to confuse the values of
momentsmeasuredbythetestshaftwiththeloadssubjectedto
the tibia of a skier under the same conditions.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Ski:
6.1.1 Ski—Three test skis are defined in Table 1 of ISO
9462. The mounting platform shall be as specified in the
relevant ASTM standard. The boot’s ski location marker as
shownonSpecificationF944orISO9838shallbealignedwith
thebootcenterlinemarkerontheski.Iftherearenomarkerson
thebootorskithecenterofthebootsoleshallbelocated15 6
0.5cmbehindthecenteroftheski’sprojectedlengthunlessthe
FIG. 1 Load Application
relevant ASTM standard applies.
6.2 Boot—Four test soles are defined in Table 2 of ISO
origin of the XYZ coordinate system is a point 230 mm along
9462. The standard adult sole shall be 30 6 0.5 cm in length
theaxisofthetestshaftfromthebearingsurfaceofthetestsole
and shall be adjustable, over a range of 64 cm. It shall be
for 300 mm test soles. The location is changed proportionally
constructed to meet the requirements of ISO 9838. Details
forsolesotherthan300mm.Thedirectionofanyforceapplied
concerning boot characteristics shall conform to the relevant
to the ski is defined by its unit vector. The magnitude of a
ASTMstandard.However,itshallbepermissibletomodifythe
preload force applied to the ski is defined by the M or M
z y
boot if the binding manufacturer specifies that modification is
moment created by the force.
necessary for proper function of the binding.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.3 Stiffener—When a ski stiffener is called for (see Annex
4.1 The ski binding is mounted on a standard ski and a
A1andAnnexA2),achannelofdimensions75to80mmwide
standardbootsoleisinsertedintothebinding.Arelativelystiff
by35to40mmhighby4to5mmthickshallbeusedtostiffen
test shaft instrumented for moments is affixed to the sole and
the ski between the near and rear points. The channel shall be
attached rigidly to the test frame. The apparatus is shown in
made of 6061 T6 aluminum, or equivalent. The bar shall be
Fig. 2.
attachedtotheskibybolts,screws,orclampsat Nand Rpoints
and at a point half way between N and R points. The stiffener
4.2 Loads sufficient to produce binding release are applied
described in Fig. A1.1 meets this requirement.
to the binding by forcing the ski to displace relative to the
frame until release occurs. The components of the moments
6.4 Test Frame:
transmitted through the binding to the test shaft are recorded.
6.4.1 The test frame consists of all mechanical components
These records are interpreted to provide the static release
that connect the boot to a stationary reference, including the
moments of the binding.
boot sole attachment, the test shaft, and the supporting struc-
ture for the test shaft. The test frame shall include a boot sole
5. Significance and Use
attachment constructed in accordance with ISO 9838 for the
5.1 Thistestmethodinvolvessimulationinthelaboratoryof
standard sole.
potential injury-producing loads that can occur in skiing,
6.4.2 Theanglebetweenthebottomofthebootsoleandthe
test shaft shall be 90 6 1° in the z−x and z−y planes; the
positionsofcenterlineofthetestshaftrelativetothebootshall
be at a longitudinal location 20 6 1 cm from the front of the
boot sole when the 300-mm boot sole is used. For other boot
sole lengths the distance shall be two thirds the distance from
the front of the sole.
6.4.3 The test shaft and associated instrumentation shall be
capable of measuring moments about the x-, y-, and z-axes as
required. Further specifications for the test shaft as part of the
instrumentation system are discussed in 6.6.
6.4.4 The linear compliance of all combined mechanical
−6
components of the test frame shall be no more than 4×10
m/N in either of the x or y directions, and no more than
−7
4×10 m/N in the z direction for loads applied at the
intersection of the test shaft and the attachment plate. The
−5
angular compliance shall be no more than 5×10 rad/N · m
FIG. 2 Test Equipment for rotations around the x, y,or z-axes.
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F504 − 05 (2017)
NOTE 1—When an associated high-speed test series is established, the
−5
angular compliance shall be no more than 2.5×10 rad/N·mfor
rotations around the x-, y-, or z-axes.
6.5 Cable:
6.5.1 The minimum length of cable between the point of
attachment to the ski and the nearest support shall be 1 m.
6.5.2 The cable shall be attached to the ski such that the
resultant force transmitted through the cable passes within 1
cm of the centeroid of the cross section of the ski.
6.5.3 Preloads are applied through a pulley near the base of
the load cell pedestal with an attachment swivel not more than
12 cm offset from the load cell axis. A spring with a spring
constant of 65 N/cm (610%) and an unloaded length of at
least 20 cm is attached between the preload cable and the
FIG. 4 Test 1.3
attachment fixture. When a preload (PL) is used in a test the
preloadcableforcewillinduceamoment M thatisaspecified
y
percentage of the nominal release moment in test 2.1 (see Fig.
11).
6.5.4 Release in tests 1.1, 2.2, and 2.2 (Fig. 3, Fig. 11, and
Fig. 12) is accomplished by a single cable connecting points N
and Rthatisloadedbyatravellerpulleyofadesigncapableof
applying loads at N and R that are opposite in direction and
equal in magnitude to within 5% of each other.
NOTE 2—Preloads (PL) given in are examples of M preload moments
y
that may be specified.
6.6 Instrumentation:
6.6.1 Measurements—The instrumentation shall provide
measurement of the peak M and M moments. The values of
z y
FIG. 5 Test 1.4
measured moments are referred to a point 23 6 0.1 cm above
the bearing surface of the boot sole on the z-axis for 300-mm
sole lengths. Other length soles shall require this reference
point to be shifted proportionally.
6.6.2 Range—Maximum moment along a single axis:
300 N·m ~full 2scalefor M M ! (1)
z x
1000 N·m full 2scalefor M
~ !
y
6.6.3 Accuracy—Absolute accuracy for moment measure-
ments to errors less than 62% of reading for readings above
50 N·m and less than 61 N·m for readings 50 N·m or less.
FIG. 6 Test 1.5
6.6.4 Repeatability—Repeated readings under standard test
conditions shall be repeatable to 61.5% for moment readings
above50N·m.Repeatabilityshallbeto 60.75N·mforlower
readings.
6.6.5 Hysteresis—The hysteresis measured at no load shall
belessthan1.5-N·mmomentfollowingacyclicalloadtofull
scale.
6.6.6 Null Drift shall be correctable to less than 0.75-N · m
moment at 20°C.
6.6.7 Temperature Sensitivity:
Gainvariations:correctableto0.2% °C at (2)
FIG. 3 Test 1.1 T 60.5°C
o
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F504 − 05 (2017)
PL=.75×[2.1]
PL=.75×[2.1]
FIG. 7 Test 1.6
FIG. 10 Test 1.11
PL=.50×[2.1]
FIG. 11 Test 2.1
FIG. 8 Test 1.8
FIG. 12 Test 2.2
PL=.50×[2.1]
FIG. 9 Test 1.10
6.6.8 Frequency Response—Gain measured at full scale
shallvarylessthan1dBoverthebandwidth0to100Hz.Phase
lag shall be less than 10° over the same bandwidth.
Nullvariations:correctableto0.5 N·m/°C at (3)
6.7 Load Application:
T 60.5°C
o
6.7.1 Locations and Directions of Application—The appa-
where: T =equilibrium environmental temperature and is ratus shall have the capability of applying the load configura-
o
in the range from−20 to+20°C. tions in accordance with Figs. 3-15. Tests in Category 1 have
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F504 − 05 (2017)
FIG. 13 Test 2.3
FIG. 14 Test 2.5
FIG. 15 Test 2.8
a significant M component; tests in Category 2 have a Figs. 3-15 as measured under a cable tension equivalent to
z
significant M component.Notethattheunitvectorisgivenfor
approximately 10% of the nominal release load in tests 1.1 or
y
all loads applied through the cable system. The unit vector for
2.1 as appropriate.
a release load is shown as a solid line while the unit vector for
6.7.2 Rates of Application—The apparatus shall have the
a preload is shown as a dashed line. Preloads (PL) are given in
ability of applying loads such that the linear speed of the cable
terms of the nominal value of test 2.1 (see Fig. 11).
at the point of attachment to the ski shall be adjustable to two
6.7.1.1 Release load and preload cables shall be adjustable
different rates as follows: 2 6 0.5 cm/s and 60 6 10 cm/s.
to within 2° of the orientation of the unit vector specified in
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F504 − 05 (2017)
6.7.3 Calibration—The load cell is calibrated using the 8. Procedure
fixture and procedures defined in Annex A.
8.1 An individual release measurement shall consist of
6.7.4 Zeroing—The instrumentation is zeroed without the
attaching a ski-binding system to the test apparatus and
ski attached to the test sole.
applying a load configuration, as specified in 6.7.1 and 6.7.2,
sufficient to cause the binding mechanism to release while
7. Test Specimen Preparation
simultaneously recording information sufficient to determine
7.1 Bindings should be mounted in accordance with the
the two peak M and M moments. Refer to Annex A2 for
z y
manufacturer’s specifications, and boot surfaces and interfaces
step-by-step procedures.
shall be cleaned with an appropriate cleaner, unless otherwise
specified by environmental test procedures. All tests shall be
9. Keywords
performed with boot-binding contact points wet by a mist of
distilled water unless otherwise specified by environmental 9.1 alpine ski binding; release binding; release envelope;
release moment
procedures.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. FIXTURES
A1.1 Scope A1.2 Fixtures and Test Configurations
A1.1.1 This Annex describes fixtures that may be used to A1.2.1 Use the ski stiffening fixture described in Fig.A1.1
adapt the device described in Test Method F504 to meet the and release loads as defined in Fig. 3 and Fig. 11 unless
req
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