ASTM D6989-03(2008)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D6989 − 03 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Practices for
Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin
Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6989; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.2 compatibility, n—the ability of two or more differing
substances to be mixed together without resultant kick-out or
1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for pre-
haziness.
paringasolventorwaterbasedinkresinsolutioninlowboiling
2.1.3 dissolution, n—the point at which all resin completely
solvent or alkaline water using two types of lab equipment; (1)
dissolves in the solvent.
an industrial blender (Sections 3-7), and (2) a laboratory roller
mill (Sections 8-12).
2.1.4 incompatibility, n—when a mixture of two or more
NOTE 1—ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the indus-
differing substances results in precipitation, kick-out, or hazi-
trial blender where possible.
ness.
1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generally
2.1.5 solution, n—resin and solvent form a clear,
available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.
compatible, and homogeneous mixture.
1.3 These procedures are for use with ink resins intended
2.1.5.1 Discussion—Industrial practice may use the term
mainly for liquid (for example, flexographic and rotogravure)
“solution” loosely to describe what may actually be a clear
inks. The type of resins is typically, but not limited to, acrylic
“dispersion.” For the sake of simplification, the terms solution
and styrene/acrylic copolymers, polyamides, polyesters,
and dispersion have been used interchangeably in this practice.
polyvinylbutyral, and maleated/fumarated rosin esters.
BLENDER
1.4 The typical low boiling solvents to be used include
ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl
3. Summary of Blender Practice
acetate, and n-propyl acetate. For water based ink resin
3.1 Place required amount of resin and solvent in a blender
solutions, water is used in combination with ammonium
jar.
hydroxide or amines such as dimethylethanolamine,
monoethanolamine, and triethylamine.
3.2 Mix the resin-solvent mixture at high speed in a blender
until heat is developed by the high shear and the resin is
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
dissolved into solution.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 3.3 The resulting resin solution can be used to measure
parameters such as viscosity and solubility or compatibility of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a printing ink resin.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use of Blender Practice
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resin
solutions by the “cold cut” method, modeling high-shear
2. Terminology
production dispersion techniques.
2.1 Definitions:
5. Apparatus
2.1.1 cold cut, n—dispersion of resin into solvent using high
5.1 Balance or Scale, weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.
shear dispersion without external heating.
5.2 Blender, with one quart vessel and cover, 115 alternating
current volts (VAC), 60 Hz, 840 W (preferably explosion
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
proof).
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles. 5.3 Filter Media, (such as organdy cloth).
Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally
5.4 Auxiliary Equipment, (that is, aluminum foil, paper
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6989 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/D6989-03R08. towels, lab filter stand, etc.).
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D6989 − 03 (2008)
6. Sampling required for immediate use (that is, the material is weighed and
placed on the laboratory roller mill overnight for use the next
6.1 Solid resin should be flaked or crushed (typically to a
2 day).
size no larger than 6 mm .
10. Apparatus
6.2 The total mass of resin solids and solvent should be
approximately 800 g. The exact amount (separately) of resin
10.1 Balance or Scale, weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.
solids and solvent will vary depending on the target percent
10.2 Glass Jars, 1 pint or 1 quart size, with metal lids.
solids to be achieved.
10.3 Laboratory Roller Mill.
7. Procedure 10.4 Filter Media, (suc
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