ASTM C857-07

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Designation:C857–07
Standard Practice for
Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground
1
Precast Concrete Utility Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 live loads—will consist of any moving loads that can
affect the design of the structure and their associated impact
1.1 Thispracticedescribestheminimumliveloadsanddead
and surcharge loads.
loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional
3.1.3 utility structure—a structure that is used by electric,
precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts,
gas, communication, or similar industries.
and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from
this practice.
4. Design Loads
NOTE 1—For additional information seeAASHTO Standard Specifica-
4.1 Roof—The design loads for the roof of any structure at
tion for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
or below ground level consists of the live loads including
NOTE 2—Thepurchaseriscautionedthathemustproperlycorrelatethe
impact and dead loads that can develop as a result of earth
anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design
pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and construction materials such
loads used.
as used for roadways and walkways.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1.1 Live Loads—The vehicle and pedestrian load desig-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
nations are given inTable 1. Live load wheel spacing is shown
information only.
in Fig. 1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.2 Impact:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.2.1 The live loads A-16, A-12, and A-8 should be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
increased as follows to sustain the effect of impact:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1.2.2 Live Load Increase:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
0 to 12 in. (0 to 305 mm) below ground level, 30%
2. Referenced Documents
13 to 24 in. (330 to 610 mm) below ground level, 20%
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
25 to 35 in. (635 to 889 mm) below ground level, 10%
C478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-
36 in. (914 mm) or more below ground level, 0%
hole Sections
4.1.3 DeadLoads—Deadloadswillconsistoftheweightof
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
the roof, roadbed, walkways, earth fill, access opening covers,
3
Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition
and any other material that produces a static load.
4.1.3.1 Recommended unit weights of materials for design
3. Terminology
calculations are as follows:
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3 3
Concrete, plain, and reinforced 150 lb/ft (2043 kg/m )
3.1.1 dead loads—will consist of any other load that can
3 3
Cast iron 450 lb/ft (7208 kg/m )
3 3
affect the design of the structure.
Steel 490 lb/ft (7850 kg/m )
3 3
Aluminum 175 lb/ft (2804 kg/m )
3 3
Earth fill (dry) 110 lb/ft (1762 kg/m )
3 3
1
Macadam 140 lb/ft (2243 kg/m )
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 on
4.1.4 Distribution of Wheel Loads Through Earth Fills:
Utility Structures.
4.1.4.1 Wheel loads at ground level should be considered
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C857–95 (2001).
applied to a wheel load area as indicated in Fig. 2.
DOI: 10.1520/C0857-07.
4.1.4.2 Wheel loads should be distributed below ground
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
level as a truncated pyramid, as shown in Fig. 3, in which the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on top surface is the wheel load area and the distributed load area
the ASTM website.
is equal to the following:
3
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C857–07
TABLE 1 Vehicle and Pedestrian Load Designations
where:
2
Designations Maximum Loads Uses
P = horizontal pressure, lbf/ft (Pa)
A
K = coefficient of active earth pressure = (1 − sin f)/(1
A-16 (HS20-44) 16 000
...