ASTM D3597-02(2013)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D3597 −02 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven Upholstery Fabrics—Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics
by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-
1.1 This performance specification covers the performance
Traverse Tensile Testing Machine) (Withdrawn 1995)
requirements for plain, tufted, or flocked woven upholstery
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
fabrics as used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture.
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
These requirements apply to both the warp and filling direc-
2.2 AATCC Test Methods:
tions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.
8 AATCC Colorfastness to Crocking:
1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to
Crockmeter Method
fabrics used in porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for knitted
16 Colorfastness to Light
fabrics, bonded or laminated fabrics, or surface-coated fabrics
23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
(such as vinyls and urethanes).
107 Colorfastness to Water
116 Colorfastness to Crocking:
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method
129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under High
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. Humidities
Gray Scale for Color Change, Evaluation Procedure 1
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Chromatic Transference Scale, AATCC Evaluation Proce-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dure 8 AATCC 9–Step Chromatic Transference Scale
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Specifications Standards Test Procedures for Upholstered
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Furniture Fabrics
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Guides for the Household Furniture Industry
2.3 Federal Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
16CFR, Chapter II-Consumer Product Safety Commission,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Subchapter D-Flammable Fabrics Act Regulation
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2.4 Military Standard:
D434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in
ASQ/ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam (Withdrawn 8
spection by Attributes
2003)
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this standard give only the
D1175 Method of Test for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test
Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder and Uniform Abrasion);
methods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
Replaced by D 4157, D 4158 (Withdrawn 1981)
3. Terminology
D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this performance
specification, refer to Terminology D123. Definitions found in
1 4
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
.AATCC Technical Manual, aAvailable from American Association of Textile
D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC
Furnishings. 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally Issued in 1969 by the NationalAssociation of Furniture Manufacturers and the
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3597 – 02 (2009). National Retail FurnitureAssociation.Available from Home Furniture Manufactur-
DOI: 10.1520/D3597-02R13. ers Assn., P. O. Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.
2 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromtheBureauofConsumerProtection,FederalTradeCommission,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Washington, DC 20580.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
www.astm.org. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3597−02 (2013)
a dictionary of common terms are suitable for terms used in 6.2 Tear Strength—Determine the tear strength in accor-
this performance specification. dance with Test Method D2262.
NOTE 2—If preferred, use of Test Method D1424 is permitted with
4. Significance and Use
existing requirements as given in this standard. However, in case of
controversy, Test Method D2262 shall prevail.
4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the
requirements listed in Table 1.
6.3 Resistance to Yarn Slippage:
6.3.1 Determine the resistance to yarn slippage in accor-
4.2 It should be recognized that fabrics can be produced
dance with Test Method D434. Regardless of the disclaimer
utilizing an almost infinite number of combinations of con-
found in 1.2 ofTest Method D434, this procedure is applicable
struction variables (e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers,
with the following modifications.
yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical and
6.3.2 Sew the seam using a minimum of seven and a
mechanicalfinished).Additionally,fashionoraestheticsdictate
maximum of eight stitches per inch (320 stitches per metre).
that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made
6.3.3 Use a chrome or nickel plated needle, 0.063 in. (1.60
from fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in
mm) in diameter.
Table 1.
6.3.4 Use a No. 24-4 hard finish “Z” twist white cotton
4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-
sewing thread as the needle thread. Use either hard or soft
blyapplytoallthevariousfabricsthatcouldbeutilizedforthis
finish No. 24-4 “Z” twist white cotton sewing thread for the
end-use.
bobbin thread.
4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties and
6.4 Surface Abrasion:
test methods are discussed in the appropriate section of the
6.4.1 Determine the surface abrasion in accordance with
specified test methods.
Test Method D1175, using the Oscillatory Cylinder Method
5. Specification Requirements with the following modifications.
6.4.2 Useacleanwirescreenabradant,stainlesssteel,50by
5.1 The properties of woven upholstery fabrics (plain,
70 mesh (210 by 297 µm), backed by a 14-mesh (1.4 by 1.4
tufted, or flocked) shall conform to the specification require-
mm) to an 18-mesh (1.0 by 1.0 mm) screen.
ments in Table 1.
6.4.3 The tension of the specimen shall be 4 lbf (18 N) and
6. Test Methods (See Note 1) the compression force shall be 3 lbf (13 N).
6.1 BreakingStrength—Determine the dry breaking force in
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in Test
Singer No. 23 needle, or its equivalent has been found satisfactory for this
Method D5034, using a constant rate of extension (CRE)
method.
tensile testing machine. Source, most suppliers of upholstery sewing thread.
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
Characteristics Requirements Section
Breaking strength (load) 222 N (50 lbf), min 6.1
Tongue tear strength 27 N (6 lbf), min 6.2
Resistance to yarn slippage 111 N (25 lbf), min 6.3
A
Surface abrasion
Light-duty 3000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4
Medium-duty 9000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4
Heavy-duty 15,000 cycles (double rubs), min 6.4
Dimensional change:
Warp or filling 5.0% shrinkage, max to 6.5
2.0% gain, max
B
Colorfastness to:
C D
Water, Color Change grade 4, min 6.6
C D
Solvent, Color Change grade4, min 6.7
D
Burnt gas fumes-2 cycles grade 4, min 6.8
Crocking:
E
Dry grade 4, min 6.9
E
Wet grade 3, min 6.9
D
Light-40 AATCC Fading Units grade 4, min 6.10
D
Ozone 1 cycle grade 4, min 6.11
Retention of hand, character, and appearance no significant change 6.12
Durability of back coating no significant change 6.13
Flammability pass 6.14
FTC Requirements pass 6.15
A
For guideline purposes see 6.4.1.
B
Class in the colorfastness requirements is based on a numerical scale of
...