ASTM E594-96

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: E 594 – 96
Standard Practice for
Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
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in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope CGA P-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Contain-
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ers
1.1 This practice serves as a guide for the testing of the
CGA G-5.4 Standard for Hydrogen Piping Systems at
performance of a flame ionization detector (FID) used as the
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Consumer Locations
detection component of a gas or supercritical fluid (SF)
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CGA P-9 The Inert Gases: Argon, Nitrogen and Helium
chromatographic system.
CGA V-7 Standard Method of Determining Cylinder Valve
1.2 This recommended practice is directly applicable to an
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Outlet Connections for Industrial Gas Mixtures
FID that employs a hydrogen-air or hydrogen-oxygen flame
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CGA P-12 Safe Handling of Cryogenic Liquids
burner and a d-c biased electrode system.
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HB-3 Handbook of Compressed Gases
1.3 This recommended practice covers the performance of
the detector itself, independently of the chromatographic col-
3. Terminology
umn, the column-to-detector interface (if any), and other
3.1 Definitions:
system components, in terms that the analyst can use to predict
3.1.1 drift—the average slope of the baseline envelope
overall system performance when the detector is made part of
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expressed in amperes per hour as measured over ⁄2 h.
a complete chromatographic system.
3.1.2 noise (short-term)—the amplitude expressed in am-
1.4 For general gas chromatographic procedures, Practice
peres of the baseline envelope that includes all random
E 260 should be followed except where specific changes are
variations of the detector signal of a frequency on the order of
recommended herein for the use of an FID. For definitions of
1 or more cycles per minute (see Fig. 1).
gas chromatography and its various terms see Recommended
3.1.2.1 Discussion— Short-term noise corresponds to the
Practice E 355.
observed noise only. The actual noise of the system may be
1.5 For general information concerning the principles, con-
2 larger or smaller than the observed value, depending upon the
struction, and operation of an FID, see Refs (1, 2, 3, 4).
method of data collection or signal monitoring from the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
detector, since observed noise is a function of the frequency,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
speed of response, and the bandwidth of the electronic circuit
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measuring the detector signal.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 other noise—Fluctuations of the baseline envelope of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
a frequency less than 1 cycle per minute can occur in
information, see Section 5.
chromatographic systems.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.4 Discussion—The amplitude of these fluctuations may
actually exceed the short-term noise. Such fluctuations are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
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difficult to characterize and are not typically to be expected.
E 260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
They are usually caused by other chromatographic components
E 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
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such as the column, system contaminants, and flow variations.
tionships
These other noise contributions are not derived from the
E 1449 Standard Guide for Supercritical Fluid Chromatog-
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detector itself and are difficult to quantitate in a general
raphy Terms and Relationships
manner. It is, however, important for the practicing chromatog-
2.2 CGA Standards:
rapher to be aware of the occurrence of this type of noise
contribution.
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This recommended practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13
4. Significance and Use
on Molecular Spectroscopy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E13.19
on Chromatography.
4.1 Although it is possible to observe and measure each of
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally
published as E 594 – 77. The last previous edition E 594 – 95.
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The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to
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this recommended practice. Available from Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 1725 Jefferson Davis
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.01. Highway, Arlington, VA 22202-4100.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E 594
FIG. 1 Example of the FID Noise Lev
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