TP180 - Uredba o sežigalnicah odpadkov in napravah za sosežig odpadkov

These standards (EN 13284-1 and -2) have been published for over 10 years without revision. Significant advances have happened in the measurement of particulate at low concentration using continuous methods. Also various research studies carried out in the UK have indicated that there are some aspects of measuring low concentration of dust by the manual method require strengthening. Sections to be added should include: 1. filter preparation, conditioning and handling, 2. the number of samples required for an average measurement, 3. limit of quantification (separate from limit of detection). The standards also need revising to line up with EN 15259 as there is significant overlap in EN 13284 Part 1. EN 13284-2 needs to be updated to reflect imminent amendments in EN 14181 (from which it is derived).

ISO/IEC 17025:2017 specifies the general requirements for the competence, impartiality and consistent operation of laboratories.
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 is applicable to all organizations performing laboratory activities, regardless of the number of personnel.
Laboratory customers, regulatory authorities, organizations and schemes using peer-assessment, accreditation bodies, and others use ISO/IEC 17025:2017 in confirming or recognizing the competence of laboratories.

This European Standard specifies a reference method for the measurement of low dust concentration in ducted gaseous streams in the concentrations below 50 mg/m3 at standard conditions. This European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators. More generally, it may be applied to gases emitted from stationary sources, and to higher concentrations. If the gases contain unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement depends on the sampling and filter treatment conditions. This method has been validated in field tests with special emphasis to dust concentrations around 5 mg/m3. The results of the field tests are presented in Annex A.

This European Standard specifies the standard reference method (SRM) for the determination of the sulphuric oxide SO2 in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks. It is based on a sampling system and two analytical principles: ion chromatography and the Thorin method.
This European Standard specifies the performance characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled by measuring systems based on the measurement method. It applies to periodic monitoring and to the calibration or control of automatic measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
This European Standard specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method to the SRM by application of prEN 14793.
This European Standard has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0,5 mg/m³ to 2 000 mg/m³ of SO2 for an ion-chromatography variant and 5 mg/m³ to 2 000 mg/m³ of SO2 for the Thorin method according to emission limit values laid down in the Directive 2010/75/EC.
The limit values of EU Directives are expressed in units of mg/m³ of SO2 on dry basis and at standard conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.
NOTE   The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and reproducibility in the field are given in Annex E.

This European Standard specifies a procedure to demonstrate the equivalence of an alternative method (AM) with the reference method (RM) or the standard reference method (SRM), both implemented to determine the same measurand.
In particular, this European Standard provides the statistical tools and different criteria to evaluate the alternative method. This does not release the body performing the equivalence testing from bearing technical and analytical judgement on the evaluation of the different criteria.
Three steps are required for demonstration of equivalence:
   description of the alternative method and setting of the field of application (measurement range and type of gas matrix);
   determination of the performance characteristics of the alternative method and calculation of the expanded uncertainty where appropriate and check of compliance with the maximum expanded uncertainty allowed for the reference method;
   check of repeatability and lack of systematic deviation of the alternative method in the field or on a recognized test bench in comparison with the reference method for the type of matrix defined in the field of equivalence.
This European Standard requires that a reference method has been defined and validated.
This European Standard only considers the case of linear quantitative methods.
This European Standard has been drawn up for laboratories working in air quality measurements and consequently an example taken from this sector are presented in Annex A.

This European Standard specifies the standard reference method (SRM) based on the paramagnetic principle for the determination of the oxygen concentrations in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks. It includes the sampling and the gas conditioning system as well as the analyser.
This European Standard specifies the performance characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled by measuring systems based on this measurement method. It applies to periodic monitoring and the calibration or control of automated measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
This European Standard specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method (AM) to the SRM by application of prEN 14793.
This European Standard has been validated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion plants and on a recognized test bench. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range from 3 % to 21 %. Oxygen concentration values, expressed as volume concentrations, are used to allow results of emission measurements to be standardised to the oxygen reference concentration and dry gas conditions required e.g. by EU Directive 2010/75/EC on industrial emissions.
NOTE   The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and reproducibility in the field are given in Annex A.

This European Standard specifies the standard reference method (SRM) based on the chemiluminescence principle for the determination of the nitrogen oxides (NOx) in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks. It includes the sampling and the gas conditioning system, as well as the analyser.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled by measuring systems based on this measurement method. It applies for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of automatic measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
This European Standard specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method to the SRM by application of prEN 14793.
This European standard has been validated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations and on a recognized test-bench. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mg/m3 to 1 300 mg/m3 of NO2 for large combustion plants and 0 mg/m3 to 400 mg/m3 of NO2 for waste incineration, according to emission limit values (ELV) laid down in the Directive 2010/75/EC.
The ELV for NOx (NO + NO2) in EU directives are expressed in mg/m3 of NO2 on a dry basis, at a specified value for oxygen and at reference conditions (273 K and 101,3 kPa).
NOTE    The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and reproducibility in the field are given in Annex F.

This European Standard specifies the standard reference method (SRM) based on the infra-red (IR) absorption principle. It includes the sampling and the gas conditioning system, and allows the determination of the carbon monoxide CO in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled by measuring systems using the IR measurement method. It applies for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of automatic measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
This European Standard specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method (AM) to the SRM by application of prEN 14793.
This European Standard has been validated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion plants and on a recognized test bench. It has been validated for CO concentrations with sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0 mg/m3 to 400 mg/m3 for large combustion plants and 0 mg/m3 to 740 mg/m3 for waste and co-incineration. Directive 2010/75/EC lays down emission values which are expressed in mg/m3, on dry basis at a specified value of oxygen and at standard conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa.
NOTE    The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and reproducibility in the field are given in Annex A.

This Technical Specification CEN/TS 1948-5 specifies the long-term sampling of PCDD/PCDF/PCB concentrations in emissions of stationary sources. It is intended to base the new method on EN 1948 Part 2, 3, 4 "Analyses of PCDD/PCDF/PCB".
The development of the new method is necessary due to the enhanced demand of several European countries and of the European Commission with regard to possible amendment of the Waste Incineration Directive 2000/76.
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/stationary.htm#2
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/technical_annex2.pdf
Preferably the development of the method has to be done by validation measurements.

This European Standard specifies sampling from stationary sources, extraction, clean-up, identification and quantification procedures of the dioxin-like PCBs. The procedure described lays down requirements to measure the PCB congeners given in Annex A (see Table A.1). It is applicable to the 12 non- and mono-ortho PCB designated by the WHO. It is optimised to measure PCB concentrations of about 0,01 ng WHOTEQPCB/m3. In addition to the 12 non- and mono-ortho-PCB the present document is also applicable to measure further PCB-congeners like the “marker PCB” 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180 (see Annex F). This document specifies a framework of quality control requirements for any PCB sampling, extraction, cleanup, identification and quantification methods to be applied. As a result of their similar chemical behaviour PCBs, as shown in the validation campaign, can be sampled from stationary sources together with the PCDDs/PCDFs. Therefore, it is possible to measure PCBs together with PCDDs/PCDFs by applying EN 1948-1, −2, −3 and −4. The complete sampling procedure is described in EN 1948-1. Each of the three sampling methods of EN 1948-1 can be combined with the methods described in this document to complete the measurement procedure. EN 1948-1 is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure and is necessary for the determination of PCBs. The analyses of the following PCB congeners is described in this European Standard and is validated in the validation campaign:   
a) Non-ortho substituted PCBs
1) 3,3’,4,4’-TeCB(77)
2) 3,4,4’,5-TeCB (81)
3) 3,3’,4,4’,5-PeCB (126)
4) 3,3’,4,4’,5,5’-HxCB (169)
b) Mono-ortho substituted PCBs
1) 2,3,3’,4,4’-PeCB (105)
2) 2,3,4,4’,5-PeCB (114)
3) 2,3’,4,4’,5-PeCB (118)
4) 2’,3,4,4’,5-PeCB (123)
5) 2,3,3’,4,4’,5-HxCB (156)
6) 2,3,3’,4,4’,5’-HxCB (157)
7) 2,3’,4,4’,5,5’-HxCB (167)
8) 2,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’-HpCB (189)
c) Marker PCBs
1) 2,4,4'- TriCB (28)
2) 2,2',5,5'-TeCB (52)
3) 2,2',4,5,5'- PeCB (101)
4) 2,2',3,4,4',5'- HxCB (138)
5) 2,2',4,4',5,5'- HxCB (153)
6) 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'- HpCB (180)

The method specified in this European Standard is designed for use as a standard reference method.This European Standard specifies a set of minimum performance requirements for an instrument using flame ionization detection, together with procedures for its calibration and operation, for the measurement of the mass concentration of total gaseous organic carbon (TOC) and for solvent emissions total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in stationary source emissions.This European Standard is suitable for the measurement of gaseous or vapour phase TOC and TVOC emissions such as emissions from waste incinerators and solvent using processes.The results obtained using this standard, are expressed in milligrams per cubic metre as total carbon (mg/m3). This standard is suitable for use in the range 1 mg/m3 up to at least 1000 mg/m3.This European Standard is not applicable for permanently installed AMS. For permanently installed AMS refer to EN15267-3.

The method described in this European Standard determines the concentration of chlorinated compounds in a flue gas that - after passage of the sampling system including a particle filter - give Cl- ions in the absorption solution. This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration. The method applies to waste gases in which chlorides concentration expressed as HCl may vary between 1 mg-m-3 and 5 000 mg-m-3 under normal pressure and temperature conditions (see Note 1), and according to emission limit values laid down, for example, in the Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants.
NOTE 1 The limit values of this European Standard are expressed in mg HCl/m3, on dry basis, at the reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa and at the reference O2 concentration.

This International Standard is applicable to the measurement of the gaseous fluorides that are entrained in gases carried in stacks or ducts. The gaseous fluoride content is expressed as a mass of hydrogen fluoride in the stack gas. This International Standard is applicable to all stacks emitting gases with fluoride concentrations of below 200 mg/m3. It can be used for higher concentrations, but then the absorption efficiency of the bubblers should be checked before the results can be regarded as valid. The detection limit of the method is estimated as 0,1 mg m 3, based on a sample volume of 0,1 m3. All compounds that are volatile at the filtration temperature and produce soluble fluoride compounds upon reaction with water are measured by this method. The method does not measure fluorocarbons. The concentration of fluoride in the adsorbent solution is then measured using an ion selective electrode. The amount of fluoride measured is then expressed as hydrogen fluoride by convention, though this may not reflect the chemical nature of the compounds, which are measured.

This European Standard specifies the sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-2 and EN 1948-3 describing extraction and clean-up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This European Standard has been developed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions. This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF sampling. The user has the possibility to choose between three different methods: "filter/condenser method" "dilution method" "cooled probe method" Each sampling method is illustrated by some sampling systems described in detail in Annex B as examples of proven procedures. During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources. The procedure described in the three parts of EN 1948 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1). Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses see CEN/TS 1948-4), although no validated performance characteristics are available yet.

This European Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-1:2006 and EN 1948-3:2006 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions. This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF extraction and clean-up methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures. Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure. During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources. The procedure described in the three parts of EN 1948:2006 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of EN 1948-1:2006). Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses see CEN/TS 1948-4), although no validated performance characteristics are available yet.

This European Standard specifies specific requirements on automated measuring systems (AMS) for monitoring of total mercury. It is derived from EN 14181, which is the general document on the quality assurance of AMS. It is only applicable in conjunction with EN 14181.
This European Standard sets specific requirements for the quality assurance levels and annual surveillance test as specified in EN 14181, for mercury AMS used for proving that the mercury emissions from a source are compliant with emission limits below 0,5 mg/m3  ) (standard conditions) in ducted gaseous streams. This European Standard is applicable by direct correlation with the standard reference method (SRM) described in EN 13211.
This European Standard is primarily developed for emissions from waste incinerators. From a technical point of view, it may be applied to other processes, for which measurement at an emission limit is required with defined uncertainty.

This European Standard specifies the identification and quantification procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts of this standard, EN 1948-1:2006 and EN 1948-2:2006, describing sampling and extraction and clean-up, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs. This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about 0,1 ng ITEQ/ m3 in stationary source emissions. This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF identification and quantification methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures. Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure. During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources. The procedure described in the three parts of EN 1948:2006 specifies requirements in order to measure every 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDD/PCDF congener required to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of EN 1948-1:2006). Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses see CEN/TS 1948-4), although no validated performance characteristics are available yet.

TC - Addition of a caution notice after 6.3.2

This European Standard specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of specific elements in exhaust gases from hazardous waste incinerators. The method is applicable to each of the specific elements in the concentration range of 0,005 mg/m3 to 0,5 mg/m3. Unless otherwise stated, gas volumes are expressed at dry conditions, normalised to 273 K and oxygen content 101,3 kPa, and normalized to a dry oxygen content of 11 % on the volume/volume basis.
Specific elements according to this European standard are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V).
This European standard is validated for the determination of the mass concentration of specific ele-ments in incineration exhaust gases with the composition given in Table 1.
This European standard is also applicable for exhaust gases from other sources with a similar flue gas composition.

This European standard specifies a manual reference method for the determination of the mass concentration of mercury in exhaust gases from ducts and chimneys. The method is applicable for the concentration range of total mercury from 0,001 to 0,5 mg/m3 in exhaust gases with the following composition: total suspended matter from 0 to 20 mg/m3; CxHy from 0 to 10 mg/m3; HCl from 0 to 50 mg/m3; HF from 0 to 10 mg/m3; SO2 from 0 to 250 mg/m3; NOx from 0 to 500 mg/m3; CO2 from 0 to 15 vol%; H2O (g) from 10 to 25 vol% (actual); O2 from 8 to 15 vol% (dry, actual); temperature from 60 to 140°C.