ISO/TC 37/SC 4/WG 5 - Workflow of language resource management

This document establishes a core model of project management for corpus annotation, to specify the work packages of project teams, required processes and deliverables. This document presents the necessary components for issues such as coordination, human training, reusability, software, quality control, licensing and copyright. However, it does not specify a methodology to solve such issues. This document gives guidance on what work packages and deliverables are required under the project in which workflows and processes deal with the following: — Integration and communication among work packages: This includes ensuring that all work packages are well-coordinated, particularly in terms of the adoption of broader annotation standards and integration with ontologies to enhance interoperability. Effective communication across work packages is crucial for the seamless sharing of annotated documents with other projects. — Human resource management and interrater reliability: This covers the management of human resources, focusing on training and qualification, as well as the implementation of interrater reliability practices. These practices include training, testing and the use of appropriate tools to ensure consistency across annotations. — Annotation guideline management and software utilization: This involves managing the guidelines for annotation tasks and utilizing annotation software and tools, particularly in environments leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques. — Quality control, data validation and structured documentation: This encompasses the processes for quality control and validation of annotation results, alongside the need for structured documentation and ongoing curation. This ensures that annotated documents remain accurate, relevant and usable over the long term. — Licensing, copyrights and metadata management: This focuses on documenting licences and copyrights, providing metadata to manage the sharing of resources. It is particularly important in areas with copyright restrictions or licensing concerns, ensuring that data subsets can be appropriately managed and shared.

This document establishes a set of basic writing rules, called “basic principles and methodology for stylistic guidelines (BSG)”, for writing in English that can be applied to other languages, facilitating communication in each language and from a language to other languages. It includes conceptual writing rules as well as specific grammar ones. This document is designed to facilitate written communication in English for native and non-native English speakers. It allows English native and non-English native speakers to smoothly communicate through social media or email using English, or to translate into their local language. Furthermore, this document is applicable to the languages of each community. In other words, it aims to promote bi-directional communication between two particular languages.

This document provides basic principles and a methodology for establishing a specification for designing and constructing a formally defined, or controlled, system of oral communication that avoids or filters out phonetic interferences and confusions between words of the same language and between languages. The system is both abstracted from, and contextually situated in, the domains of industry, business or other technologies. This document deals only with oral communication between native speakers, or non-native speakers, or a native speaker and a non‑native speaker, who can be disturbed due to different phenomena, such as phoneme confusion, phonetic interferences and confusions between words (for example: homophony, quasi-homophony or co-articulation) of the same language and/or different languages and the resulting ambiguities due, for example, to multilingual communication or stressful situations. This document deals with speakers and listeners without speech or hearing impediments[16], and does not include sign languages which have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages[23]. Foreseen applications are essentially in safety critical applications using human oral communication. This document is also applicable to other domains involving, for example, training and evaluation procedures and robots.

This document specifies how to represent (not visualize) documents (instance data, not data schemas) as graphs. It does not specify how to visualize or operate on document data, but it aims at making documents easier for people to compose and comprehend by allowing for various graph-based flexible user interfaces, possibly incorporating document-visualization practices (see Introduction). In this connection, this document does not specify annotations to existing documents either, but rather it specifies a schema of documents with explicit logical structures.

As part of a drive to provide international standards for language resource management, ISO/TS 24620-1:2015 on controlled natural language (CNL) sets out the principles of CNL and its utilization together with the relevant supporting technology. However, ISO/TS 24620-1:2015 also aims to introduce a general view of CNL with its objectives and characteristics and provide a scheme for classifying a range of CNLs. ISO/TS 24620-1:2015 additionally specifies certain normalizing principles of CNLs that control the use of natural languages in particular domains and are also oriented towards areas of practical application. These areas include public administrative communications, search optimization, and the management of automatic question-answering systems, but the current version of ISO/TStract 24620-1:2015 does not address any issue involving these applications directly.