ISO/TC 70/SC 8/WG 6 - Test bed measurement

This document specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion engines (RIC engines) in the field. This document is applicable when the emissions from RIC engines used in non-road machinery, industrial equipment, marine installations, generating sets, diesel rail traction or similar machinery applications need to be measured in the field. Clause 4 applies for the conduct of discrete-mode steady-state gaseous or particulate emission measurements at a single operating point or conduct a weighted cycle-based test in the field. Clause 5 applies where it is necessary to assess gaseous emissions performance of engines during typical in-service operation under field conditions using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS).

This document specifies fuels whose use is recommended for performing the exhaust emission test cycles given in ISO 8178-4. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines for mobile, transportable and stationary installations excluding engines for vehicles primarily designed for road use. This document is applicable to engines used, e.g. earth-moving machines and generating sets, and for other applications.

This document specifies the test cycles, the test procedures and the evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines coupled to a dynamometer. With certain restrictions, this document can also be used for measurements at site. The tests are carried out under steady-state and transient operation using test cycles which are representative of given applications. This document is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for on-road transport of passengers and goods. It can be applied to engines for non-road use, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply.

This document specifies the measurement methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines on a test bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas pollutant. Various combinations of engine load and speed reflect different engine applications (see ISO 8178‑4). This document is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. This document can be applied to engines used, for example, for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications.

This document specifies the measurement procedures and test cycles for the evaluation of smoke emissions from compression ignition engines using an opacimeter. The tests are carried out under steady-state and transient operation using tests cycles which are representative of a given application. The smoke testing is conducted using opacimeter-type smoke meters which operate on the light extinction principle. The purpose of this document is to define the smoke test cycles and the methods used to measure the opacity and for the determination of the light absorption coefficient. It allows the use of either full-flow or partial-flow opacimeters and corrects for differences in rise time between the two types of opacimeters. Specifications of the apparatus for the measurement of opacity can be found in ISO 11614. The test procedures and measurement techniques described in this document are applicable to reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines in general. Annex D, Annex E, Annex F and Annex G each contains a test cycle that is relevant only for those specific applications listed in the first subclause of that annex. Where possible, the smoke test cycle described in the annex utilizes the engine and machine categories developed in ISO 8178‑4. For certain categories of non-road engines "at site" rather than "test bed" smoke test procedures can prove to be necessary. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of smoke from exhaust gas of reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines at a steady state condition. The method evaluates the soot content by measurement of the blackening of a filter and derivation of black carbon mass concentration (mg/m3) from FSN. Where necessary, individual requirements may be specified for particular engine applications. This document is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for on-road transport of passengers and goods. It can be applied to engines for non-road use, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants) additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply.

ISO 8178-6:2018 specifies a data format for reporting the measurement results of exhaust emissions from RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. It includes basic information of the engine being tested. Equivalent data formats including those that are electronically generated can be used as long as the required engine, test cell and test data information is made available. ISO 8178-6:2018 applies to measurement in the laboratory and, where applicable, at site. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, dust regulations for powerplants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply. NOTE Since the report format defined in this document is intended to be applicable to all types of internal combustion engines, some items are, in certain cases, not necessary for specific engines and/or tests, especially when measuring on site. On the other hand, some additional items can be necessary according to test purposes. Deletion and addition of items to be reported are based on agreement between the parties involved.

ISO 8178-1:2017 specifies the measurement methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines on a test bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas pollutant. Various combinations of engine load and speed reflect different engine applications (see ISO 8178‑4). ISO 8178-1:2017 is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. This document can be applied to engines used, for example, for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. In limited instances, the engine can be tested on the test bed in accordance with ISO 8178‑2, to test in field conditions. This can only occur with the agreement of the parties involved. It should be recognized that data obtained under these circumstances may not agree completely with previous or future data obtained under the auspices of this document. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods may apply. Where it is not possible to use a test bed or where information is required on the actual emissions produced by an in-service engine, the site test procedures and calculation methods specified in ISO 8178‑2 are appropriate.

ISO 8178-4:2017 specifies the test cycles, the test procedures and the evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines coupled to a dynamometer. With certain restrictions, this document can also be used for measurements at site. The tests are carried out under steady-state and transient operation using test cycles which are representative of given applications. ISO 8178-4:2017 is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for on-road transport of passengers and goods. It may be applied to engines for non-road use, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants) additional test conditions and special evaluation methods may apply.

ISO 8178-4:2007 specifies the test cycles for the measurement and the evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines coupled to a dynamometer. With certain restrictions, this part of ISO 8178 can also be used for measurements at site. The tests are carried out under steady-state operation using test cycles which are representative of given applications. ISO 8178-4:2007 is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. It may be applied to engines used, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications.

ISO 8178-1:2006 specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines under steady-state conditions on a test bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas pollutant. Various combinations of engine load and speed reflect different engine applications (see ISO 8178-4). ISO 8178-1:2006 is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. ISO 8178-1:2006 may be applied to engines used, for example, for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. In limited instances, the engine can be tested on the test bed in accordance with ISO 8178-2, the field test document. This can only occur with the agreement of the parties involved. It should be recognised that data obtained under these circumstances may not agree completely with previous or future data obtained under the auspices of ISO 8178-1:2006. Therefore, it is recommended that this option be exercised only with engines built in very limited quantities such as very large marine or generating set engines. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for powerplants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods may apply. Where it is not possible to use a test bed or where information is required on the actual emissions produced by an in-service engine, the site test procedures and calculation methods specified in ISO 8178-2 are appropriate.