CEN/TC 261/SC 5/WG 14 - Test methods and test schedules

This document establishes general rules for the compilation of performance test schedules for complete, filled transport packages intended for use within any distribution system except for the packages used for dangerous goods.

ISO 13355:2016 specifies a method to carry out a vertical random vibration test on a complete, filled transport package(s) and unit loads using random excitation[1]. This document also provides methods for assessing the performance of a package in terms of its strength or the protection that it offers to its contents when it is subjected to vertical vibration. The test discussed in this document can be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects of vertical vibration, or as a part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a test specimen to withstand a distribution system that includes a vibration hazard.
NOTE          In this International Standard, a package or unit load is referred to as test specimen.
[1]   Random vibration theory is discussed in IEC 60068-2-64.

This European Standard specifies the technical and functional properties of automatic recording equipment used to determine randomly appearing shocks during transportation.
Such automatic recording equipment can be used to:
—   determine mechanical shock loads on individual transportations;
—   monitor the transportation means to observe the limits of the shock parameters;
—   determine the shock loads on the transported item.
This standard defines the sensors to be attached to the device, and specifies the minimum requirements for the parameters to be adjusted. It also defines the minimum requirements for the data analysis, as well as the data presentation.
This standard covers the complete recording equipment, including its accelerometers and the data analysis in an external data processing unit. The accelerometers can be integrated into the device or separately mounted from it (external sensors).
This standard also applies to the routine monitoring of individual transportations

This European Standard specifies the documentation of measurements for climatic and other loads (such as sunlight, sand, dust and electromagnetic radiation) during transport, handling and storage.

This European Standard specifies methods of deriving schedules for testing completed, filled transport packages and unit loads, representative of current distribution chains within Europe.

This standard gives guidelines for the derivation of test specifications from data acquired according to EN 15433-2, EN 15433-3 and EN 15433-4.
NOTE   To simulate transportation loads, it is helpful to work with standardized load assumptions that are based on the actual loads acquired according to EN 15433-2 up to EN 15433-4. The derivation of test specifications is based fundamentally on considerations concerning the reproduction of damage, whereby time compressed fatigue simulation in particular has to be considered for the determination of the test intensity.

This standard specifies the general requirements to be observed during the measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical transportation loads, should the results raise a claim of generalization and be incorporated in this series of standards as fundamental data.

This standard specifies requirements for the preparation, performance and documentation of transportation measurements.

This standard defines procedures for assessing the validity of results acquired in accordance with EN 15433-2, and for evaluating these results.
NOTE   When measuring and analysing dynamic processes, quite often unnoticed or difficult to recognize disturbances or erroneous measurements occur, which impair the application of these values. These procedures are necessary in order to detect possible errors before any actual analysis occurs.
Figure 1 provides an overview of the data validation and editing processes in this standard.

This standard presents guidelines for the instruments, procedures and parameters, used to analyse dynamic data.  It is assumed that the person performing the analyses has the use of appropriate digital FFT signal processors or FFT computers.
These guidelines are also applicable for other types of signal processing procedures, as long as the analysing parameters are equivalent. Such other procedures contain correlation algorithms e.g. Blackman-Tuckey), digital band pass filter algorithms or heterodyne techniques.
An outline of the data analysis procedures covered in this section is presented in Figure 1.

This European Standard specifies methods for carrying out a rotational impact test on complete, filled transport packages or unit loads, by dropping.  It can be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects of rotational impact or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a package or unit load to withstand a distribution system that includes a rotational impact hazard.

This International Standard specifies a method for testing the resistance of a complete, filled transport package or a
unit load to water spray or the protection it gives to its contents from water spray. It may also be used to
precondition a complete, filled transport package or a unit load prior to another test to investigate reduction in
strength caused by exposure to water.
The test is performed on the test specimen as prepared for transport and may form part of a test sequence.

This International Standard specifies two methods for carrying out a sinusoidal vibration test on a complete, filled
transport package or unit load using a variable frequency. These tests may be used to assess the performance of a
package or an unit load in terms of its strength or the protection that it offers to its contents when it is subjected to
vertical vibration. Each may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects of vertical vibration or as
part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a package or unit load to withstand a distribution
system that includes a vibration hazard.

This International Standard specifies methods to carry out vibration tests on complete, filled transport packages or
unit loads using sinusoidal excitation at fixed frequency. These tests may be used to assess the performance of
packages and unit loads in terms of the strength or the protection that they offer to their contents when subjected to
low frequency vibration. These tests may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects of low
frequency vibration or as a part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a package or unit load to
withstand a distribution system that includes a vibration hazard at low frequency or repetitive shocks.

This International Standard specifies three methods for carrying out a stacking test on a complete, filled transport
package, or on a unit load, using a static load. Whichever method is employed, the test may be used to assess the
performance of a package or a unit load, in terms of its strength or the protection that it offers to its contents when it
is subjected to stacking. It may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects (deformation, creep,
collapse or failure) of stacking or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a package or a
unit load to withstand a distribution system that includes a stacking hazard.
The test may also be used to investigate performance under particular conditions of loading, as, for example, when
the bottom package in a stack rests on an open-decked pallet; or when the profile of the superimposed load is
eccentric, as when it is supported on the bearers of a single-decked pallet which rests on a container. For such
purposes, one of the three methods of carrying out the test may be more suitable than the others.
NOTE A method for carrying out a stacking test using a compression tester is given in ISO 120481).

This International Standard specifies a method for subjecting complete, filled transport packages and unit loads to
conditions of low air pressure similar to those encountered in aircraft.
This method is applicable to complete, filled transport packages and unit loads which are intended to be transported
in pressurized aircraft flying at any altitude and in unpressurized aircraft flying at 3 500 m or less.

This International Standard specifies methods of horizontal impact testing (horizontal or inclined plane test and
pendulum test) on a complete, filled transport package or a unit load. The test may be performed either as a single
test to investigate the effects of horizontal impact or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability
of a package or a unit load to withstand a distribution system that includes a horizontal impact hazard.

complete filled transport package for testing.

This standard specifies two methods of determining the location of the centre of gravity of flat sided rigid packages or unit loads.  In the following text, a package or a unit load is called "a test item".

Specifies a method for testing the resistance to compression of complete, filled transport packages and a method for carrying out a stacking test on complete, filled transport packages using the same apparatus.

vibration test on a complete filled transport package and unit loads using a random exitation.

This standard specifies the technical and functional properties of automatic recording equipment used to determine randomly appearing shocks during transportation.
Such automatic recording equipment can be used to:
-   determine mechanical shock loads on individual transportations;
-   monitor the transportation means to observe the limits of the shock parameters;
-   determine the shock loads on the transported item.
This standard defines the sensors to be attached to the device, and specifies the minimum requirements for the parameters to be adjusted. It also defines the minimum requirements for the data analysis, as well as the data presentation.
This standard covers the complete recording equipment, including its accelerometers and the data analysis in an external data processing unit. The accelerometers can be integrated into the device or separately mounted from it (external sensors).
This standard also applies to the routine monitoring of individual transportations