F20.12 - Removal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide provides techniques for obtaining representative samples of oil and water mixtures. This information is necessary in the calculation of oil recovery efficiency and oil recovery rates for oil collection devices.  
3.2 Sampling Stationary Mixtures—When recovered oil/water mixtures are contained within a holding tank and the relative oil content of the recovered fluid is needed, the sampling technique is somewhat dependent on the container. Two techniques are outlined in this guide. If the container has a flat bottom with straight sides perpendicular to the base (or nearly so), either stationary technique can be implemented, with the stratified sampling method preferred. If the container is irregular in either the horizontal or vertical cross section, the mixing method is preferred.  
3.3 Sampling Flowing Mixtures—To sample flowing mixtures containing both oil and water, turbulence is induced, to create a homogenous mixture while sampling. The oil content in the sample taken from the flowing stream can then be used to quantify the performance-rating criterion (see Procedure Section of Test Method D1796).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes test conditions that will provide a measured oil recovery rate and efficiency for a skimmer operating in drift ice.  
4.2 End users need a procedure to quantify optimum performance data for planning and selection of equipment.  
4.3 The procedure in this guide will assist in verifying and accurately reporting skimmer system performance.  
4.4 Tests will be conducted under well documented conditions and provide repeatable results. Other detailed testing and collection of skimmer performance data are covered under existing standards (see Guide F631 and Test Method F2709).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines a procedure and measurement criteria to quantify the recovery rate and efficiency of a stationary skimmer system in drift ice conditions.  
1.2 The suggested procedure and test parameters are intended to provide conditions typical of relatively sparse drift ice and relatively dense drift ice coverage.  
1.3 It is accepted that the recovery rate as determined by this guide will not likely be achievable under actual conditions of a spill. The procedure in this guide does not account for such issues as changing recovery conditions, number of daylight hours, operator downtime, less than ideal control of skimmer settings, and inclement weather.  
1.4 The procedure in this guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by necessary permits and regulations for the use and disposal of test oil.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The performance criteria listed in this guide will provide guidance in the selection of oil spill pumping equipment.  
4.2 This guide has been developed for use by the following: manufacturers of pumping systems who wish to establish a common means of evaluating and reporting the performance characteristics of their products; and existing or potential users of pumping systems who wish to compare the performance characteristics of various products.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for the standardized reporting of performance data of pumps and pump systems that may be considered for use in oil spill response operations. The present objective is to develop a reporting guideline to aid in the comparative evaluation of various devices.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recording of qualitative performance information under controlled test conditions. This information can be used together with quantitative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices.  
4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in this guide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of the overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers performance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency that will affect the device's performance in an actual spill. Their consideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or comparison of spill removal devices.  
4.3 Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.  
4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended for skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power supplies such as electric or pneumatic.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems or individual components of those systems. It is intended to complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631.  
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their needs and expectations.  
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could vary widely when completed by different organizations. As such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different skimmers for a particular organization or application.  
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire contents and note those areas that are most important to their needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as workmanship of construction may not be applicable to prototype skimmers.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 9.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water. The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills. In evaluating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems used in response to oil spills, many factors need to be considered of which skimmer performance is but one. The objective of this guide is to describe a range of factors that must be considered in estimating recovery system effectiveness. Response strategies will depend to some extent on the type of spill. The spill scenario should be defined as to whether it is an instantaneous or continuous release, whether or not the spill has ceased flowing, and whether the spill is contained or uncontained. The following oil slick properties must be specified for the spill scenario: spill volume; area; slick thickness; slick viscosity; and emulsification.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills.  
1.3 Sections of this guide describe calculation procedures for estimating recovery system effectiveness. It should be understood that any such calculations cannot be expected to predict system performance, but are intended to provide a common basis for comparing system performance.  
1.4 One of the main reasons that the calculation procedures cannot be used to predict system performance is that the analysis is sensitive to assumptions made on the properties of the oil slick, and particularly the changes in slick thickness and emulsification. It is emphasized that the purpose of this guide is not to provide a standard method for estimating slick property changes, but rather to provide a standard guide for using that information in comparing system performance.  
1.5 Consideration should be given to alternative means of estimating response system effectiveness, such as Genwest 2012.2  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to facilitate the oil spill response equipment selection process for local, regional, and national spill response teams. It is not intended to define rigid sets of equipment standards.  
4.2 The effectiveness of the equipment chosen to combat an oil spill will depend on the oil type and environment(s) encountered, as well as other factors. This guide is intended to be used by persons generally familiar with the practical aspects of oil spill cleanup operations including on-scene response coordinators, planners, oil spill management teams, oil spill removal organizations, and plan evaluators.  
4.3 Eleven general types of skimming systems are described in this guide. Each description includes a summary of the operating principle and a list of selection considerations.  
4.4 Selection considerations are included to guide the user on the selection of a particular skimmer type or category. Users are cautioned that within each category there may be a wide variation in performance among various skimmers.  
4.5 When selecting a skimmer for use in extremely cold conditions, consideration should be given to the effect of ice forming on the skimmer, changes in buoyancy, possible restriction of inlets, and changes to hydraulic efficiency. Because there may be wide variations in skimmer performance at extreme temperatures, even within a given category, ambient temperature is not included as a selection consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from the marine environment.  
1.2 This guide does not address the compatibility of spill-control equipment with spill products. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatible with anticipated products and conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides quantitative data in the form of oil recovery rates, throughput efficiencies, and oil recovery efficiencies under controlled test conditions. The data can be used for evaluating design characteristics of a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices. Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank. Other variables such as mechanical reliability, presence of debris, ease of repair, ease of deployment, required operator training, operator fatigue, seaworthiness, and transportability also affect performance in an actual spill but are not measured by this guide. These variables should be considered along with the test data when making comparisons or evaluations of spill removal devices.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a guide for determining performance parameters of full-scale oil spill removal devices in recovering floating oil when tested in controlled environments.  
1.2 This guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials after testing is completed. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by the necessary permits for disposal of the used test oil.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It has been industry practice to claim the capacity of a skimmer based on the rate of the discharge pump (which are typically rated using water as a test fluid) or other arbitrary methods.  
4.2 End users need a test methodology that evaluates optimum performance data for planning and selection of equipment.  
4.3 This test method will assist producers and other stakeholders to verify and accurately report skimmer system performance.  
4.4 This test method is specifically designed to quantify two key skimmer performance values, to reduce testing costs, and to encourage industry wide performance standardization.  
4.5 This test method establishes test conditions that will result in a measured nameplate recovery rate and an indication of the combination of test parameters (oil type, viscosity, operating speed) that result in the highest average performance for the tested skimmer system.  
4.6 This test method will validate the performance of the discharge pump in the skimmer system, under conditions that are typical of a recovery operation. Specifically, this will include a modest imposed head pressure composed of static head and dynamic friction losses due to a specified length of discharge hose.  
4.7 This test method encourages performance testing using two or more oils for comparison purposes.  
4.8 Tests shall be conducted under well-documented conditions and generate repeatable results. More detailed testing and collection of skimmer performance is covered under existing standards (for example, Guide F631).  
4.9 Testing (SL Ross 2007)3 has shown that, when water is present, recovery performance in slick thicknesses ranging from 50 mm to 75 mm results in values comparable to significantly thicker slicks. This may not be the case with high-rate skimmers in viscous oil, where the rate of oil recovery exceeds the rate at which the slick will flow to the skimmer mechanism.  
4.10 For skimming systems that include various options for the discharge pump, ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines a method and measurement criteria to quantify the performance of a stationary skimmer in ideal conditions in support of a device’s nameplate recovery rate (capacity). If a determination of a skimmer’s capabilities in realistic conditions (that is, advancing or waves) is required, testing should be performed according to Guide F631 or equivalent.  
1.2 This test method includes the option of testing to determine recovery efficiency.  
1.3 This test method and parameters are intended to provide ideal recovery conditions allowing the skimmer system to operate and collect oil at its maximum possible recovery rate. Given ideal conditions, inherent mechanical and physical attributes of the system become the limiting factors.  
1.4 This test method is intended to identify limitations of the skimmer system, such as performance of the skimming mechanism, the flow of oil within the skimmer and sump, the pump characteristics, and typical discharge head conditions.  
1.5 It is accepted that the measured nameplate recovery rate as determined by this test method will not likely be achievable under actual conditions of a spill. The measured nameplate recovery rate should be used in conjunction with a de-rating factor to account for such issues as changing encounter rate, changes in other recovery conditions, changes in oil properties and slick thickness, number of daylight hours, operator downtime, less than ideal control of skimmer settings, and inclement weather.  
1.6 This test method involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to procure and abide by necessary permits and regulations for the use and disposal of test oil.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes test conditions that will provide a measured oil recovery rate and efficiency for a skimmer operating in drift ice.  
4.2 End users need a procedure to quantify optimum performance data for planning and selection of equipment.  
4.3 The procedure in this guide will assist in verifying and accurately reporting skimmer system performance.  
4.4 Tests will be conducted under well documented conditions and provide repeatable results. Other detailed testing and collection of skimmer performance data are covered under existing standards (see Guide F631 and Test Method F2709).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines a procedure and measurement criteria to quantify the recovery rate and efficiency of a stationary skimmer system in drift ice conditions.  
1.2 The suggested procedure and test parameters are intended to provide conditions typical of relatively sparse drift ice and relatively dense drift ice coverage.  
1.3 It is accepted that the recovery rate as determined by this guide will not likely be achievable under actual conditions of a spill. The procedure in this guide does not account for such issues as changing recovery conditions, number of daylight hours, operator downtime, less than ideal control of skimmer settings, and inclement weather.  
1.4 The procedure in this guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by necessary permits and regulations for the use and disposal of test oil.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water. The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills. In evaluating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems used in response to oil spills, many factors need to be considered of which skimmer performance is but one. The objective of this guide is to describe a range of factors that must be considered in estimating recovery system effectiveness. Response strategies will depend to some extent on the type of spill. The spill scenario should be defined as to whether it is an instantaneous or continuous release, whether or not the spill has ceased flowing, and whether the spill is contained or uncontained. The following oil slick properties must be specified for the spill scenario: spill volume; area; slick thickness; slick viscosity; and emulsification.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills.  
1.3 Sections of this guide describe calculation procedures for estimating recovery system effectiveness. It should be understood that any such calculations cannot be expected to predict system performance, but are intended to provide a common basis for comparing system performance.  
1.4 One of the main reasons that the calculation procedures cannot be used to predict system performance is that the analysis is sensitive to assumptions made on the properties of the oil slick, and particularly the changes in slick thickness and emulsification. It is emphasized that the purpose of this guide is not to provide a standard method for estimating slick property changes, but rather to provide a standard guide for using that information in comparing system performance.  
1.5 Consideration should be given to alternative means of estimating response system effectiveness, such as Genwest 2012. 2  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide provides techniques for obtaining representative samples of oil and water mixtures. This information is necessary in the calculation of oil recovery efficiency and oil recovery rates for oil collection devices.  
3.2 Sampling Stationary Mixtures—When recovered oil/water mixtures are contained within a holding tank and the relative oil content of the recovered fluid is needed, the sampling technique is somewhat dependent on the container. Two techniques are outlined in this guide. If the container has a flat bottom with straight sides perpendicular to the base (or nearly so), either stationary technique can be implemented, with the stratified sampling method preferred. If the container is irregular in either the horizontal or vertical cross section, the mixing method is preferred.  
3.3 Sampling Flowing Mixtures—To sample flowing mixtures containing both oil and water, turbulence is induced, to create a homogenous mixture while sampling. The oil content in the sample taken from the flowing stream can then be used to quantify the performance-rating criterion (see Procedure Section of Test Method D1796).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It has been industry practice to claim the capacity of a skimmer based on the rate of the discharge pump (which are typically rated using water as a test fluid) or other arbitrary methods.  
4.2 End users need a test methodology that evaluates optimum performance data for planning and selection of equipment.  
4.3 This test method will assist producers and other stakeholders to verify and accurately report skimmer system performance.  
4.4 This test method is specifically designed to quantify two key skimmer performance values, to reduce testing costs, and to encourage industry wide performance standardization.  
4.5 This test method establishes test conditions that will result in a measured nameplate recovery rate and an indication of the combination of test parameters (oil type, viscosity, operating speed) that result in the highest average performance for the tested skimmer system.  
4.6 This test method will validate the performance of the discharge pump in the skimmer system, under conditions that are typical of a recovery operation. Specifically, this will include a modest imposed head pressure composed of static head and dynamic friction losses due to a specified length of discharge hose.  
4.7 This test method encourages performance testing using two or more oils for comparison purposes.  
4.8 Tests shall be conducted under well-documented conditions and generate repeatable results. More detailed testing and collection of skimmer performance is covered under existing standards (for example, Guide F631).  
4.9 Testing (SL Ross 2007)3 has shown that, when water is present, recovery performance in slick thicknesses ranging from 50 mm to 75 mm results in values comparable to significantly thicker slicks. This may not be the case with high-rate skimmers in viscous oil, where the rate of oil recovery exceeds the rate at which the slick will flow to the skimmer mechanism.  
4.10 For skimming systems that include various options for the discharge pump, ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines a method and measurement criteria to quantify the performance of a stationary skimmer in ideal conditions in support of a device’s nameplate recovery rate (capacity). If a determination of a skimmer’s capabilities in realistic conditions (that is, advancing or waves) is required, testing should be performed according to Guide F631 or equivalent.  
1.2 This test method includes the option of testing to determine recovery efficiency.  
1.3 This test method and parameters are intended to provide ideal recovery conditions allowing the skimmer system to operate and collect oil at its maximum possible recovery rate. Given ideal conditions, inherent mechanical and physical attributes of the system become the limiting factors.  
1.4 This test method is intended to identify limitations of the skimmer system, such as performance of the skimming mechanism, the flow of oil within the skimmer and sump, the pump characteristics, and typical discharge head conditions.  
1.5 It is accepted that the measured nameplate recovery rate as determined by this test method will not likely be achievable under actual conditions of a spill. The measured nameplate recovery rate should be used in conjunction with a de-rating factor to account for such issues as changing encounter rate, changes in other recovery conditions, changes in oil properties and slick thickness, number of daylight hours, operator downtime, less than ideal control of skimmer settings, and inclement weather.  
1.6 This test method involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to procure and abide by necessary permits and regulations for the use and disposal of test oil.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The performance criteria listed in this guide will provide guidance in the selection of oil spill pumping equipment.  
4.2 This guide has been developed for use by the following: manufacturers of pumping systems who wish to establish a common means of evaluating and reporting the performance characteristics of their products; and existing or potential users of pumping systems who wish to compare the performance characteristics of various products.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for the standardized reporting of performance data of pumps and pump systems that may be considered for use in oil spill response operations. The present objective is to develop a reporting guideline to aid in the comparative evaluation of various devices.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water. The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills. In evaluating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems used in response to oil spills, many factors need to be considered of which skimmer performance is but one. The objective of this guide is to describe a range of factors that must be considered in estimating recovery system effectiveness. Response strategies will depend to some extent on the type of spill. The spill scenario should be defined as to whether it is an instantaneous or continuous release, whether or not the spill has ceased flowing, and whether the spill is contained or uncontained. The following oil slick properties must be specified for the spill scenario: spill volume; area; slick thickness; slick viscosity; and emulsification.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills.  
1.3 Sections of this guide describe calculation procedures for estimating recovery system effectiveness. It should be understood that any such calculations cannot be expected to predict system performance, but are intended to provide a common basis for comparing system performance.  
1.4 One of the main reasons that the calculation procedures cannot be used to predict system performance is that the analysis is sensitive to assumptions made on the properties of the oil slick, and particularly the changes in slick thickness and emulsification. It is emphasized that the purpose of this guide is not to provide a standard method for estimating slick property changes, but rather to provide a standard guide for using that information in comparing system performance.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recording of qualitative performance information under controlled test conditions. This information can be used together with quantitative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices.  
4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in this guide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of the overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers performance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency that will affect the device's performance in an actual spill. Their consideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or comparison of spill removal devices.  
4.3 Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.  
4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended for skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power supplies such as electric or pneumatic.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems or individual components of those systems. It is intended to complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631.  
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their needs and expectations.  
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could vary widely when completed by different organizations. As such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different skimmers for a particular organization or application.  
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire contents and note those areas that are most important to their needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as workmanship of construction may not be applicable to prototype skimmers.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 9.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to facilitate the oil spill response equipment selection process for local, regional, and national spill response teams. It is not intended to define rigid sets of equipment standards.  
4.2 The effectiveness of the equipment chosen to combat an oil spill will depend on the oil type and environment(s) encountered, as well as other factors. This guide is intended to be used by persons generally familiar with the practical aspects of oil spill cleanup operations including on-scene response coordinators, planners, oil spill management teams, oil spill removal organizations, and plan evaluators.  
4.3 Eleven general types of skimming systems are described in this guide. Each description includes a summary of the operating principle and a list of selection considerations.  
4.4 Selection considerations are included to guide the user on the selection of a particular skimmer type or category. Users are cautioned that within each category there may be a wide variation in performance among various skimmers.  
4.5 When selecting a skimmer for use in extremely cold conditions, consideration should be given to the effect of ice forming on the skimmer, changes in buoyancy, possible restriction of inlets, and changes to hydraulic efficiency. Because there may be wide variations in skimmer performance at extreme temperatures, even within a given category, ambient temperature is not included as a selection consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from the marine environment.  
1.2 This guide does not address the compatibility of spill-control equipment with spill products. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatible with anticipated products and conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It has been industry practice to claim the capacity of a skimmer based on the rate of the discharge pump (which are typically rated using water as a test fluid) or other arbitrary methods.  
4.2 End users need a test methodology that evaluates optimum performance data for planning and selection of equipment.  
4.3 This test method will assist producers and other stakeholders to verify and accurately report skimmer system performance.  
4.4 This test method is specifically designed to quantify two key skimmer performance values, to reduce testing costs, and to encourage industry wide performance standardization.  
4.5 This test method establishes test conditions that will result in a measured nameplate recovery rate and an indication of the combination of test parameters (oil type, viscosity, operating speed) that result in the highest average performance for the tested skimmer system.  
4.6 This test method will validate the performance of the discharge pump in the skimmer system, under conditions that are typical of a recovery operation. Specifically, this will include a modest imposed head pressure composed of static head and dynamic friction losses due to a specified length of discharge hose.  
4.7 This test method encourages performance testing using two or more oils for comparison purposes.  
4.8 Tests shall be conducted under well-documented conditions and generate repeatable results. More detailed testing and collection of skimmer performance is covered under existing standards (for example, Guide F631).  
4.9 Testing (SL Ross 2007)3 has shown that, when water is present, recovery performance in slick thicknesses ranging from 50 mm to 75 mm results in values comparable to significantly thicker slicks. This may not be the case with high-rate skimmers in viscous oil, where the rate of oil recovery exceeds the rate at which the slick will flow to the skimmer mechanism.  
4.10 For skimming systems that include various options for the discharge pump, ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines a method and measurement criteria to quantify the performance of a stationary skimmer in ideal conditions in support of a device’s nameplate recovery rate (capacity). If a determination of a skimmer’s capabilities in realistic conditions (that is, advancing or waves) is required, testing should be performed according to Guide F631 or equivalent.  
1.2 This test method includes the option of testing to determine recovery efficiency.  
1.3 This test method and parameters are intended to provide ideal recovery conditions allowing the skimmer system to operate and collect oil at its maximum possible recovery rate. Given ideal conditions, inherent mechanical and physical attributes of the system become the limiting factors.  
1.4 This test method is intended to identify limitations of the skimmer system, such as performance of the skimming mechanism, the flow of oil within the skimmer and sump, the pump characteristics, and typical discharge head conditions.  
1.5 It is accepted that the measured nameplate recovery rate as determined by this test method will not likely be achievable under actual conditions of a spill. The measured nameplate recovery rate should be used in conjunction with a de-rating factor to account for such issues as changing encounter rate, changes in other recovery conditions, changes in oil properties and slick thickness, number of daylight hours, operator downtime, less than ideal control of skimmer settings, and inclement weather.  
1.6 This test method involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to procure and abide by necessary permits and regulations for the use and disposal of test oil.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides quantitative data in the form of oil recovery rates, throughput efficiencies, and oil recovery efficiencies under controlled test conditions. The data can be used for evaluating design characteristics of a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices. Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank. Other variables such as mechanical reliability, presence of debris, ease of repair, ease of deployment, required operator training, operator fatigue, seaworthiness, and transportability also affect performance in an actual spill but are not measured by this guide. These variables should be considered along with the test data when making comparisons or evaluations of spill removal devices.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a guide for determining performance parameters of full-scale oil spill removal devices in recovering floating oil when tested in controlled environments.  
1.2 This guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials after testing is completed. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by the necessary permits for disposal of the used test oil.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The performance criteria listed in this guide will provide guidance in the selection of oil spill pumping equipment.  
4.2 This guide has been developed for use by the following: manufacturers of pumping systems who wish to establish a common means of evaluating and reporting the performance characteristics of their products; and existing or potential users of pumping systems who wish to compare the performance characteristics of various products.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for the standardized reporting of performance data of pumps and pump systems that may be considered for use in oil spill response operations. The present objective is to develop a reporting guideline to aid in the comparative evaluation of various devices.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide provides techniques for obtaining representative samples of oil and water mixtures. This information is necessary in the calculation of oil recovery efficiency and oil recovery rates for oil collection devices.  
3.2 Sampling Stationary Mixtures—When recovered oil/water mixtures are contained within a holding tank and the relative oil content of the recovered fluid is needed, the sampling technique is somewhat dependent on the container. Two techniques are outlined in this guide. If the container has a flat bottom with straight sides perpendicular to the base (or nearly so), either stationary technique can be implemented, with the stratified sampling method preferred. If the container is irregular in either the horizontal or vertical cross section, the mixing method is preferred.  
3.3 Sampling Flowing Mixtures—To sample flowing mixtures containing both oil and water, turbulence is induced, to create a homogenous mixture while sampling. The oil content in the sample taken from the flowing stream can then be used to quantify the performance-rating criterion (see Procedure Section of Test Method D1796).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides procedures enabling the recording of qualitative performance information under controlled test conditions. This information can be used together with quantitative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices.
Although the qualitative assessment described in this guide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of the overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers performance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency that will affect the device's performance in an actual spill. Their consideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or comparison of spill removal devices.
Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.
Portions of this guide are specifically intended for skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power supplies such as electric or pneumatic.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems or individual components of those systems. It is intended to complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631.
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their needs and expectations.
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could vary widely when completed by different organizations. As such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different skimmers for a particular organization or application.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire contents and note those areas that are most important to their needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as workmanship of construction may not be applicable to prototype skimmers.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 9.

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water. The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills. In evaluating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems used in response to oil spills, many factors need to be considered of which skimmer performance is but one. The objective of this guide is to describe a range of factors that must be considered in estimating recovery system effectiveness. Response strategies will depend to some extent on the type of spill. The spill scenario should be defined as to whether it is an instantaneous or continuous release, whether or not the spill has ceased flowing, and whether the spill is contained or uncontained. The following oil slick properties must be specified for the spill scenario: spill volume; area; slick thickness; slick viscosity; and emulsification.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water.
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills.
1.3 Sections of this guide describe calculation procedures for estimating recovery system effectiveness. It should be understood that any such calculations cannot be expected to predict system performance, but are intended to provide a common basis for comparing system performance.
1.4 One of the main reasons that the calculation procedures cannot be used to predict system performance is that the analysis is sensitive to assumptions made on the properties of the oil slick, and particularly the changes in slick thickness and emulsification. It is emphasized that the purpose of this guide is not to provide a standard method for estimating slick property changes, but rather to provide a standard guide for using that information in comparing system performance.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It has been industry practice to claim the capacity of a skimmer based on the rate of the discharge pump (which are typically rated using water as a test fluid) or other arbitrary methods.
End users need a test methodology that evaluates optimum performance data for planning and selection of equipment.
This test method will assist producers and other stakeholders to verify and accurately report skimmer system performance.
This test method is specifically designed to quantify two key skimmer performance values, to reduce testing costs, and to encourage industry wide performance standardization.
This test method establishes test conditions that will result in a measured nameplate recovery rate and an indication of the combination of test parameters (oil type, viscosity, operating speed) that result in the highest average performance for the tested skimmer system.
This test method will validate the performance of the discharge pump in the skimmer system, under conditions that are typical of a recovery operation. Specifically, this will include a modest imposed head pressure composed of static head and dynamic friction losses due to a specified length of discharge hose.
This test method encourages performance testing using two or more oils for comparison purposes.
Tests shall be conducted under well-documented conditions and generate repeatable results. More detailed testing and collection of skimmer performance is covered under existing standards (for example, Guide F 631).
Testing (SL Ross 2007) has shown that, when water is present, recovery performance in slick thicknesses ranging from 50 mm to 75 mm results in values comparable to significantly thicker slicks. This may not be the case with high-rate skimmers in viscous oil, where the rate of oil recovery exceeds the rate at which the slick will flow to the skimmer mechanism.
For skimming systems that include various options for the discharge pump, the test described in this test method may be used...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines a method and measurement criteria to quantify the nameplate recovery rate (capacity) of a stationary skimmer system in ideal conditions. If a determination of a skimmer’s capabilities in realistic conditions (that is, advancing or waves) is required, testing should be performed according to Guide F 631 or equivalent.
1.2 This test method includes the option of testing to determine recovery efficiency.
1.3 This test method and parameters are intended to provide ideal recovery conditions allowing the skimmer system to operate and collect oil at its maximum possible recovery rate. Given ideal conditions, inherent mechanical and physical attributes of the system become the limiting factors.
1.4 This test method is intended to identify limitations of the skimmer system, such as performance of the skimming mechanism, the flow of oil within the skimmer and sump, the pump characteristics, and typical discharge head conditions.
1.5 It is accepted that the nameplate recovery rate as determined by this test method will not likely be achievable under actual conditions of a spill. The nameplate recovery rate should be used in conjunction with a de-rating factor to account for such issues as changing encounter rate, changes in other recovery conditions, changes in oil properties and slick thickness, number of daylight hours, operator downtime, less than ideal control of skimmer settings, and inclement weather.
1.6 This test method involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to procure and abide by necessary permits and regulations for the use and disposal of test oil.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides techniques for obtaining representative samples of oil and water mixtures. This information is necessary in the calculation of oil recovery efficiency and oil recovery rates for oil collection devices.
Sampling Stationary Mixtures—When recovered oil/water mixtures are contained within a holding tank and the relative oil content of the recovered fluid is needed, the sampling technique is somewhat dependent on the container. Two techniques are outlined in this guide. If the container has a flat bottom with straight sides perpendicular to the base (or nearly so), either stationary technique can be implemented, with the stratified sampling method preferred. If the container is irregular in either the horizontal or vertical cross section, the mixing method is preferred.
Sampling Flowing Mixtures—To sample flowing mixtures containing both oil and water, turbulence is induced, to create a homogenous mixture while sampling. The oil content in the sample taken from the flowing stream can then be used to quantify the performance-rating criterion (see Procedure Section of Test Method D 1796).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The performance criteria listed in this guide will provide guidance in the selection of oil spill pumping equipment.
This guide has been developed for use by the following: manufacturers of pumping systems who wish to establish a common means of evaluating and reporting the performance characteristics of their products; and existing or potential users of pumping systems who wish to compare the performance characteristics of various products.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for the standardized reporting of performance data of pumps and pump systems that may be considered for use in oil spill response operations. The present objective is to develop a reporting guideline to aid in the comparative evaluation of various devices.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to facilitate the oil spill response equipment selection process for local, regional, and national spill response teams. It is not intended to define rigid sets of equipment standards.
The effectiveness of the equipment chosen to combat an oil spill will depend on the oil type and environment(s) encountered, as well as other factors. This guide is intended to be used by persons generally familiar with the practical aspects of oil spill cleanup operations including on-scene response coordinators, planners, oil spill management teams, oil spill removal organizations, and plan evaluators.
Eleven general types of skimming systems are described in this guide. Each description includes a summary of the operating principle and a list of selection considerations.
Selection considerations are included to guide the user on the selection of a particular skimmer type or category. Users are cautioned that within each category there may be a wide variation in performance among various skimmers.
When selecting a skimmer for use in extremely cold conditions, consideration should be given to the effect of ice forming on the skimmer, changes in buoyancy, possible restriction of inlets, and changes to hydraulic efficiency. Because there may be wide variations in skimmer performance at extreme temperatures, even within a given category, ambient temperature is not included as a selection consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from the marine environment.
1.2 This guide does not address the compatibility of spill-control equipment with spill products. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatible with anticipated products and conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides quantitative data in the form of oil recovery rates, throughput efficiencies, and oil recovery efficiencies under controlled test conditions. The data can be used for evaluating design characteristics of a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices. Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank. Other variables such as mechanical reliability, presence of debris, ease of repair, ease of deployment, required operator training, operator fatigue, seaworthiness, and transportability also affect performance in an actual spill but are not measured by this guide. These variables should be considered along with the test data when making comparisons or evaluations of spill removal devices.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a guide for determining performance parameters of full-scale oil spill removal devices in recovering floating oil when tested in controlled environments.
1.2 This guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials after testing is completed. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by the necessary permits for disposal of the used test oil.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides procedures enabling the recording of qualitative performance information under controlled test conditions. This information can be used together with quantitative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices.
Although the qualitative assessment described in this guide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of the overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers performance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency that will affect the device’performance in an actual spill. Their consideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or comparison of spill removal devices.
Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.
Portions of this guide are specifically intended for skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power supplies such as electric or pneumatic.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems or individual components of those systems. It is intended to complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F 631.
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their needs and expectations.
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could vary widely when completed by different organizations. As such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different skimmers for a particular organization or application.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire contents and note those areas that are most important to their needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as workmanship of construction may not be applicable to prototype skimmers.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section .

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water. The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills. In evaluating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems used in response to oil spills, many factors need to be considered of which skimmer performance is but one. The objective of this guide is to describe a range of factors that must be considered in estimating recovery system effectiveness. Response strategies will depend to some extent on the type of spill. The spill scenario should be defined as to whether it is an instantaneous or continuous release, whether or not the spill has ceased flowing, and whether the spill is contained or uncontained. The following oil slick properties must be specified for the spill scenario: spill volume; area; slick thickness; slick viscosity; and emulsification.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water.
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills.
1.3 Sections of this guide describe calculation procedures for estimating recovery system effectiveness. It should be understood that any such calculations cannot be expected to predict system performance, but are intended to provide a common basis for comparing system performance.
1.4 One of the main reasons that the calculation procedures cannot be used to predict system performance is that the analysis is sensitive to assumptions made on the properties of the oil slick, and particularly the changes in slick thickness and emulsification. It is emphasized that the purpose of this guide is not to provide a standard method for estimating slick property changes, but rather to provide a standard guide for using that information in comparing system performance.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to facilitate the oil spill response equipment selection process for local, regional, and national spill response teams. It is not intended to define rigid sets of equipment standards.
The effectiveness of the equipment chosen to combat an oil spill will depend on the oil type and environment(s) encountered, as well as other factors. This guide is intended to be used by persons generally familiar with the practical aspects of oil spill cleanup operations including on-scene response coordinators, planners, oil spill management teams, oil spill removal organizations, and plan evaluators.
Eleven general types of skimming systems are described in this guide. Each description includes a summary of the operating principle and a list of selection considerations.
Selection considerations are included to guide the user on the selection of a particular skimmer type or category. Users are cautioned that within each category there may be a wide variation in performance among various skimmers.
When selecting a skimmer for use in extremely cold conditions, consideration should be given to the effect of ice forming on the skimmer, changes in buoyancy, possible restriction of inlets, and changes to hydraulic efficiency. Because there may be wide variations in skimmer performance at extreme temperatures, even within a given category, ambient temperature is not included as a selection consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from the marine environment.
1.2 This guide does not address the compatibility of spill-control equipment with spill products. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatible with anticipated products and conditions.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides techniques for obtaining representative samples of oil and water mixtures. This information is necessary in the calculation of oil recovery efficiency and oil recovery rates for oil collection devices.
Sampling Stationary Mixtures—When recovered oil/water mixtures are contained within a holding tank and the relative oil content of the recovered fluid is needed, the sampling technique is somewhat dependent on the container. Two techniques are outlined in this guide. If the container has a flat bottom with straight sides perpendicular to the base (or nearly so), either stationary technique can be implemented, with the stratified sampling method preferred. If the container is irregular in either the horizontal or vertical cross section, the mixing method is preferred.
Sampling Flowing Mixtures—To sample flowing mixtures containing both oil and water, turbulence is induced, to create a homogenous mixture while sampling. The oil content in the sample taken from the flowing stream can then be used to quantify the performance rating criterion (see Procedure Section of Test Method D 1796).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance.
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems or individual components of those systems. It is intended to complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F 631.
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their needs and expectations.
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could vary widely when completed by different organizations. As such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different skimmers for a particular organization or application.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire contents and note those areas that are most important to their needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as workmanship of construction may not be applicable to prototype skimmers.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section .

SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a guide for determining performance parameters of full-scale oil spill removal devices in recovering floating oil when tested in controlled environments.  
1.2 This guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials after testing is completed. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by the necessary permits for disposal of the used test oil.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water.
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills.
1.3 Sections of this guide describe calculation procedures for estimating recovery system effectiveness. It should be understood that any such calculations cannot be expected to predict system performance, but are intended to provide a common basis for comparing system performance.
1.4 One of the main reasons that the calculation procedures cannot be used to predict system performance is that the analysis is sensitive to assumptions made on the properties of the oil slick, and particularly the changes in slick thickness and emulsification. It is emphasized that the purpose of this guide is not to provide a standard method for estimating slick property changes, but rather to provide a standard guide for using that information in comparing system performance.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers considerations for selecting skimmer systems for the recovery of marine-oil spills. The purpose of this guide is to provide oil spill response planners, equipment manufacturers, users, and government agencies with a standard on the equipment selection process for the removal of oil from the marine environment.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This guide does not address the compatability of spill-control equipment with spill products. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatible with anticipated products and conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The performance criteria listed in this guide will provide guidance in the selection of oil spill pumping equipment.
This guide has been developed for use by the following: manufacturers of pumping systems who wish to establish a common means of evaluating and reporting the performance characteristics of their products; and existing or potential users of pumping systems who wish to compare the performance characteristics of various products.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for the standardized reporting of performance data of pumps and pump systems that may be considered for use in oil spill response operations. The present objective is to develop a reporting guideline to aid in the comparative evaluation of various devices.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for the standardized reporting of performance data of pumps and pump systems that may be considered for use in oil spill response operations. The present objective is to develop a reporting guideline to aid in the comparative evaluation of various devices.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance.
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for sampling flowing or stationary oil/water mixtures. It is intended for use with oil spill recovery devices either in testing or in documentation of field performance.
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide applies to the evaluation of oil-water separation systems when employed as devices for dewatering oil collected by oil-recovery devices or systems, or both.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimating the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems that may be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water.  
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with information on assessing the effective use of spill cleanup equipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planning for and responding to oil spills.  
1.3 Sections of this guide describe calculation procedures for estimating recovery system effectiveness. It should be understood that any such calculations cannot be expected to predict system performance, but are intended to provide a common basis for comparing system performance.  
1.4 One of the main reasons that the calculation procedures cannot be used to predict system performance is that the analysis is sensitive to assumptions made on the properties of the oil slick, and particularly the changes in slick thickness and emulsification. It is emphasized that the purpose of this guide is not to provide a standard method for estimating slick property changes, but rather to provide a standard method for using that information in comparing system performance.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.