SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003
(Main)Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems
- Abstract
Baseline System for a Digital multi-programme Television by Cable (DTVC). Harmonized transmission standard for cable and satellite, based on the MPEG-2 System Layer, with the addition of Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique. It is compatible with the modulation/ channel coding system used for digital multi-programme television by satellite (DE/JTC-DVB-6). The System allows for further evolution as technology advances and is capable of starting a reliable service as of now. The Baseline System is based on QAM modulation scheme. It allows for 16, 32 or 64-QAM constellations and permits future extension to higher constellation such as 128 and 256-QAM.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Nov-2003
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 01-Dec-2003
- Due Date
- 01-Dec-2003
- Completion Date
- 01-Dec-2003
- Mandate
- T-304
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 is the Slovenian standard identical to ETS 300 429 Edition 1, published by SIST. It specifies framing structure, channel coding and modulation for Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) cable systems. In practice, it is the baseline transmission standard for digital multi-programme television by cable, aimed at cable head-end and receiver implementations.
What does SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 specify?
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 specifies the cable transmission chain for digital multi-programme television, from MPEG-2 transport packets through error protection and symbol mapping to QAM modulation. The document also defines how the receiver reverses that processing to recover the baseband signal.
The standard is organized into clauses for the system concept, MPEG-2 transport layer, framing structure, channel coding, byte-to-symbol mapping and modulation. It also includes one normative annex for baseband filter characteristics and two informative annexes for network transparency examples and bibliography.
| Annex | What it covers |
|---|---|
| Annex A | Baseband filter characteristics for the transmitter Nyquist filter |
| Annex B | Transparency of cable networks, with examples of useful bit rates and occupied bandwidths |
| Annex C | Bibliography |
The scope ties the cable system to the MPEG-2 System Layer and notes compatibility with the satellite modulation and channel coding system used for digital multi-programme television by satellite. That matters for systems that need to carry the same services over satellite and cable with minimal reformatting.
What are the key requirements of SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003?
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 defines a baseline cable transmission method built around MPEG-2 transport packets, Reed-Solomon error protection, byte interleaving and QAM modulation. The main implementation point is that the cable system uses outer error protection and interleaving rather than convolutional coding.
System architecture and framing
Clause 4 defines the cable System as the functional block that adapts baseband TV signals to the cable channel. The head-end can take satellite signals, contribution links or local program sources, so the system has to handle different incoming service types before modulation.
Clause 5 states that the MPEG-2 transport layer uses 188-byte packets with a synchronization byte, a three-byte header and 184 bytes of MPEG-2 or auxiliary data. Clause 6 keeps the framing organization based on that packet structure. In practice, this means encoders, multiplexers and modulators have to preserve MPEG-2 transport alignment so downstream equipment can recover timing and sync.
Channel coding for cable
Clause 7 requires forward error correction based on Reed-Solomon coding and byte interleaving, and it states that no convolutional coding is applied to cable transmission. That difference from the satellite system matters because cable equipment should be designed for RS plus interleaving, not for an inner convolutional code.
Clause 7.1 randomizes the transport stream for spectrum shaping and clock recovery, using a PRBS sequence that is re-initialized every eight transport packets. The first sync byte of each group is inverted to help descrambling. In practice, this keeps the signal spectrum more even and gives receivers a reliable way to lock to packet boundaries.
Clause 7.2 applies shortened Reed-Solomon coding to each packet and adds parity bytes so the receiver can correct burst or random byte errors. The document sets the error-correction capability at 8 bytes per packet. That is the main protection against noise and impulse disturbances on cable networks.
Clause 7.3 uses convolutional interleaving with depth 12 and keeps sync bytes on the zero-delay branch. This spreads burst errors across several packets so the RS decoder can repair them more easily.
Byte mapping and modulation
Clause 8 maps bytes directly into QAM symbols and differentially encodes the two most significant bits of each symbol. The practical effect is a rotation-invariant constellation, which helps the receiver tolerate phase rotation in the cable channel.
Clause 9 specifies Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) with 16, 32 or 64 constellation points, and receivers shall support at least 64-QAM. The scope also allows future extension to higher constellations such as 128-QAM and 256-QAM. For planning, this means the standard supports several capacity options while setting a clear minimum receiver capability.
Before modulation, the in-phase and quadrature signals are filtered with a square-root raised cosine response with a roll-off factor of 0.15. Annex A then gives the baseband filter template and limits on ripple, rejection and group delay. That matters because the transmit filter shape controls occupied bandwidth and receiver compatibility.
What terms does SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 define?
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 defines the symbols and abbreviations needed to read the transmission chain and the formulas in the clauses. The most useful terms for implementers are:
- Digital Television by Cable (DTVC) - the cable television distribution system targeted by the standard.
- Forward Error Correction (FEC) - coding added before transmission so the receiver can correct some errors without retransmission.
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) - the modulation family used to place data on the cable carrier.
- Reed-Solomon (RS) - the outer error-correcting code used on each transport packet.
- Bit Error Ratio (BER) - the ratio used to describe transmission error performance.
- Quasi Error Free (QEF) - the target operating condition where residual uncorrected errors are very rare.
- Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) - the sequence used for data randomization and spectrum shaping.
- Most Significant Bit (MSB) - the higher-order bit used in symbol mapping and differential encoding.
Who uses SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003?
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 is used by engineers who design cable head-ends, modulators, demodulators and integrated receiver decoders (IRD). They use it to build systems that can carry multiplexed television services over cable in a way that matches the DVB transport structure.
Cable operators and broadcasters use the standard when they plan digital multi-programme television distribution, especially when services move between satellite and cable networks. That matters for head-end integration, service remultiplexing and network transparency planning.
Test laboratories, quality teams and procurement teams use it to check modulation support, packet handling, error protection and filter performance against a common transmission profile. It is also relevant for interoperability work between network equipment and receivers.
What changed in SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 from the previous edition?
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 is identified as identical to ETS 300 429 Edition 1. The document history in the standard page records the first edition in December 1994.
Which standards are used with SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003?
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 cites two normative references and also names one companion satellite standard in the scope and bibliography.
- ISO/IEC DIS 13818-1 - provides the MPEG-2 System Layer transport packet structure that this cable standard uses for framing.
- IEEE Trans. Comm. Tech., COM-19, pp. 772-781, Forney, G.D. - supplies the burst-correcting code approach used as the basis for the convolutional interleaver.
- ETS 300 421 - the satellite transmission counterpart that the cable system can be used with transparently, which is important for shared service chains.
What does the SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 document contain?
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 contains a conceptual block diagram of the cable head-end and receiver chain, plus a figure showing the framing structure. It also includes a scrambler/descrambler schematic and a convolutional interleaver/de-interleaver diagram, which help implementers build the transmit and receive paths.
The document shows a byte-to-m-tuple conversion example and constellation diagrams for 16-QAM, 32-QAM and 64-QAM. Those figures are used to check symbol mapping and modulation logic during design and test.
Annex A gives the half-Nyquist baseband filter amplitude characteristics for hardware implementation. Annex B provides practical transparency examples for 8 MHz cable channels, including useful bit rate and occupied bandwidth cases. Annex C lists background documents for designers who need the satellite counterpart or the technical studies behind the system.
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems". This standard covers: Baseline System for a Digital multi-programme Television by Cable (DTVC). Harmonized transmission standard for cable and satellite, based on the MPEG-2 System Layer, with the addition of Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique. It is compatible with the modulation/ channel coding system used for digital multi-programme television by satellite (DE/JTC-DVB-6). The System allows for further evolution as technology advances and is capable of starting a reliable service as of now. The Baseline System is based on QAM modulation scheme. It allows for 16, 32 or 64-QAM constellations and permits future extension to higher constellation such as 128 and 256-QAM.
Baseline System for a Digital multi-programme Television by Cable (DTVC). Harmonized transmission standard for cable and satellite, based on the MPEG-2 System Layer, with the addition of Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique. It is compatible with the modulation/ channel coding system used for digital multi-programme television by satellite (DE/JTC-DVB-6). The System allows for further evolution as technology advances and is capable of starting a reliable service as of now. The Baseline System is based on QAM modulation scheme. It allows for 16, 32 or 64-QAM constellations and permits future extension to higher constellation such as 128 and 256-QAM.
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.060.40 - Cabled distribution systems; 33.170 - Television and radio broadcasting. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: T-304. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
Sistemi digitalne radiodifuzije za televizijske, zvokovne in podatkovne storitve –
Struktura okvirov, kodiranje kanalov in modulacija za kabelske sisteme
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for
cable systems
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 429 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.40 Kabelski razdelilni sistemi Cabled distribution systems
33.170 Televizijska in radijska Television and radio
difuzija broadcasting
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN ETS 300 429
TELECOMMUNICATION December 1994
STANDARD
Source:EBU/ETSI JTC Reference:DE/JTC-DVB-7
ICS: 33.160.20, 33.160.40
Key words: Digital television broadcasting by cable, modulation, channel coding
European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
Digital broadcasting systems for television,
sound and data services;
Framing structure, channel coding and modulation
for cable systems
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr
Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification:
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1994.
© European Broadcasting Union
All rights reserved.
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
Contents
Foreword .5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references.7
3 Symbols and abbreviations .7
3.1 Symbols .7
3.2 Abbreviations .8
4 Cable System concept .8
1)
4.1 Baseband interfacing and sync.10
4.2 Sync 1 inversion and randomization .10
4.3 Reed-Solomon (RS) coder .10
4.4 Convolutional interleaver .10
4.5 Byte to m-tuple conversion .10
4.6 Differential encoding .10
4.7 Baseband shaping .10
4.8 QAM modulation and physical interface .10
4.9 Cable receiver.10
5 MPEG-2 transport layer.10
6 Framing structure .10
7 Channel coding .11
7.1 Randomization for spectrum shaping .11
7.2 Reed-Solomon coding .12
7.3 Convolutional interleaving.13
8 Byte to symbol mapping .14
9 Modulation.15
Annex A (normative): Baseband filter characteristics .18
Annex B (informative): Transparency of cable networks .19
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.20
History.21
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced under the authority of the Joint
Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of ETS in the
specific field of radio, television and data broadcasting.
The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organisations whose work
includes the co-ordination of its Members' activities in the technical, legal, programme-
making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has Active Members in about
60 countries in the European Broadcasting Area; its headquarters is in Geneva *.
* European Broadcasting Union
Case Postale 67
CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)
Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 717 21 11
Fax: +41 22 717 24 81
This ETS describes framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital multi-programme
television by cable, it has been prepared by the Project Team PT-55V. The work of the Project Team was
based on the studies carried out by the European Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project under the
auspices of Ad hoc Group for Digital Television by Cable (DTVC). This joint group of industry, cable
operators and broadcasters provided the necessary information on all relevant matters to the Project
Team, see DTVB 1190/DTVC 38 (bibliography).
This ETS is Part of the complete "Multivision system" (this name is currently under review) which covers
the baseband image coding, baseband sound coding, baseband data service coding, multiplexing,
channel coding and modulation for satellite services, channel coding and modulation for cable and
Satellite Master Antenna Television (SMATV) distribution and common scrambling system.
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
Blank page
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) describes the framing structure, channel coding and
modulation (denoted "the System" for the purposes of this ETS) for a digital multi-programme television
distribution by cable. The aim of this ETS is to present a harmonized transmission standard for cable and
satellite, based on the MPEG-2 System Layer ISO/IEC DIS 13818-1 [1], with the addition of appropriate
Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique. This System can be used transparently with the
modulation/channel coding system used for digital multi-programme television by satellite, see ETS 300
421 (bibliography). The System allows for further evolution as technology advances as described in
Reimers document (see bibliography). It is capable of starting a reliable service as of now. The System is
based on Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). It allows for 16, 32, or 64-QAM constellations and
permits for future extension to higher constellations, such as 128-QAM and 256-QAM.
-4 -10 -11
The System FEC is designed to improve Bit Error Ratio (BER) from 10 to a range, 10 to 10 ,
ensuring "Quasi Error Free" (QEF) operation with approximately one uncorrected error event per
transmission hour.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] ISO/IEC DIS 13818-1 (June 1994): "Coding of moving pictures and associated
audio".
[2] IEEE Trans. Comm. Tech., COM-19, pp. 772-781, (October 1971) Forney, G.D.:
"Burst-correcting codes for the classic bursty channel".
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this ETS, the following symbols apply:
α Roll-off factor
A , B Most Significant Bits at the output of the Byte to m-tuple converter
k k
f Channel centre frequency
f Nyquist frequency
N
g(x) RS code generator polynomial
HEX Hexadecimal
I Interleaving depth (bytes)
I, Q In-phase, Quadrature phase components of the modulated signal
j Branch index
k Number of bytes mapped into n symbols
m
m Power of 2 -level QAM: 4,5,6 for 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, respectively
M Convolutional interleaver branch depth for j = 1, M = N/I
n Number of symbols mapped from k bytes
N Error protected frame length [bytes]
p(x) RS field generator polynomial
r In-band ripple (dB)
m
R Randomized sequence
R Symbol rate corresponding to the bilateral Nyquist bandwidth of the modulated
s
signal
R Useful bit rate after MPEG-2 transport multiplexer
u
R Bit rate after RS outer coder
u'
q Number of bits: 2,3,4 for 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, respectively
T Number of bytes which can be corrected in RS error protected packet
T Symbol period
s
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:
BB Baseband
BER Bit Error Ratio
DTVC Digital Television by Cable
EBU European Broadcasting Union
ETS European Telecommunication Standard
FEC Forward Error Correction
FIFO First In First Out
IF Intermediate Frequency
IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder
LSB Least Significant Bit
MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group
MSB Most Significant Bit
MUX Multiplex
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PRBS Pseudo Random Binary Sequence
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QEF Quasi Error Free
RF Radio Frequency
RS Reed-Solomon
SMATV Satellite Master Antenna Television
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TV Television
4 Cable System concept
The cable System shall be defined as the functional block of equipment performing the adaptation of the
baseband TV signals to the cable channel characteristics (see figure 1). In the cable head-end, the
following TV baseband signal sources can be considered:
- satellite signal(s);
- contribution link(s);
- local program source(s).
The processes in the following subclauses shall be applied as shown in figure 1.
Page 9
ETS 300 429: December 1994
Figure 1: Conceptual block diagram of elements at the cable head-end and receiving site
C able H ead-end
To RF
Cable
*
data
Channel
QAM
BB Sync1
I
Reed- Convol.
Modulator
Inversion Byte
88 8 m m
Solomon Inter-
Differential &
& To Baseband
Physical
leaver
IF
Random i- m-tuple Encoding shaping
clock
Coder
Interface
Conversion Physical
zation Q
I=12 bytes
Interface
(204,188)
Clock & Sync Generator
*
MPEG-2 transport Mux packets
Cable IR D
*
data
RF I
Sync1
Physical
Matched Symbol BB
Inversion
m
Interface m8 Convol.8 Reed-8 8
Filter To
Differential &
&
& Byte Deinter- Solomon Physical
Decoder
Energy
From RF QAM leaver Decoder
Q Equalizer Mapping Interface
clock
dispersal
cable channel Demod.
Removal
Carrier & Clock & Sync
Recovery
Page 10
ETS 300 429: December 1994
1)
4.1 Baseband interfacing and sync
This unit shall adapt the data structure to the format of the signal source.The framing structure shall be in
accordance with MPEG-2 transport layer including sync bytes.
4.2 Sync 1 inversion and randomization
This unit shall invert the Sync 1 byte according to the MPEG-2 framing structure, and randomizes the data
stream for spectrum shaping purposes.
4.3 Reed-Solomon (RS) coder
This unit shall apply a shortened Reed-Solomon (RS) code to each randomized transport packet to
generate an error-protected packet. This code shall also be applied to the Sync byte itself.
4.4 Convolutional interleaver
This unit shall perform a depth I = 12 convolutional interleaving of the error-protected packets. The
periodicity of the sync bytes shall remain unchanged.
4.5 Byte to m-tuple conversion
This unit shall perform a conversion of the bytes generated by the interleaver into QAM symbols.
4.6 Differential encoding
In order to get a rotation-invariant constellation, this unit shall apply a differential encoding of the two Most
Significant Bits (MSBs) of each symbol.
4.7 Baseband shaping
This unit performs mapping from differentially encoded m-tuples to I and Q signals and a square-root
raised cosine filtering of the I and Q signals prior to QAM modulation.
4.8 QAM modulation and physical interface
This unit performs QAM modulation. It is followed by interfacing the QAM modulated signal to the Radio
Frequency (RF) cable channel.
4.9 Cable receiver
A System receiver shall perform the inverse sign
...