SIST EN 14161:2004

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportation systems (ISO 13623:2000 modified)Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Rohrleitungstransportsysteme (ISO 13623:2000 modifiziert)Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Systemes de transport par conduites (ISO 13623:2000 modifiée)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportation systems (ISO 13623:2000 modified)75.200Petroleum products and natural gas handling equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14161:2003SIST EN 14161:2004en01-maj-2004SIST EN 14161:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 14161:2004



EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14161December 2003ICS 75.200English versionPetroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportationsystems (ISO 13623:2000 modified)Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Systèmes detransport par conduites (ISO 13623:2000 modifiée)Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Rohrleitungstransportsysteme(ISO 13623:2000 modifiziert)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14161:2003 ESIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)2ContentspageExplanatory Note.3Foreword.4Introduction.51Scope.62Normative references.63Terms and definitions.84General.105Pipeline system design.116Pipeline design.127Design of stations and terminals.318Materials and coatings.359Corrosion management.4110Construction.5211Testing.6112Precommissioning and commissioning.6513Operation, maintenance and abandonment.67Annex A (normative)
Safety evaluation of pipelines.80Annex B (normative)
Supplementary requirements for public safety of pipelines forcategory D and E fluids on land.85Annex C (informative)
Pipeline route selection process.88Annex D (informative)
Examples of factors for routing considerations.89Annex E (informative)
Scope of procedures for operation, maintenance and emergencies.91Annex F (informative)
Records and documentation.93Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications with theirEuropean publication correspondence.94Bibliography.95SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)3Explanatory NoteISO 13623:2000, developed within ISO/TC 67 SC 2, has been taken over as a European Standard EN14161 (ISO 13623:2000 modified).The scope of ISO/TC 67/SC 2 is pipeline transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gasindustries without exclusions. However in CEN, the scopes of CEN/TC 12 and CEN/TC 234overlapped until 1995. This scope overlap caused problems for the parallel procedure for the abovementioned item. The conflict in scope was resolved when both the CEN/Technical Committees and theCEN/BT took the following resolution:Resolution BT 38/1995:Subject: Revised scope of CEN/TC 12“BT endorses the conclusions of the coordination meeting between CEN/TC 12 “Materials,equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries” and CEN/TC 234“Gas supply” and modifies the CEN/TC 12 scope, to read:“Standardization of the materials, equipment and offshore structures used in drilling,production, refining and the transport by pipelines of petroleum and natural gas, excluding on-land supply systems used by the gas supply industry and those aspects of offshore structurescovered by IMO requirement (ISO/TC 8).The standardization is to be achieved wherever possible by the adoption of ISO Standards.”Resulting from Resolution BT 38/1995, "gas supply on land" has been excluded from the scope ofISO 13623:2000 for the European adoption by CEN/TC 12.Equivalence with European standards is provided in annex ZA.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)4ForewordThe text of the International Standard ISO 13623:2000 has been prepared by Technical CommitteeISO/TC 67 "Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gasindustries" of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN14161:2003 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 "Materials, equipment and offshore structures forpetroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of anidentical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall bewithdrawn at the latest by June 2004.Annexes A, B and ZA form a normative part of this European Standard.Annexes C, D, E and F are for information only.This document includes a Bibliography.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of thefollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)5IntroductionSignificant differences exist between member countries in the areas of public safety and protection ofthe environment, which could not be reconciled into a single preferred approach to pipelinetransportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries. Reconciliation was furthercomplicated by the existence in some member countries of legislation which establishes requirementsfor public safety and protection of the environment. Recognizing these differences, TC 67/SC 2concluded that this International Standard, ISO 13623, should allow individual countries to apply theirnational requirements for public safety and the protection of the environment.This European Standard is not a design manual; rather, it is intended to be used in conjunction withsound engineering practice and judgement. This European Standard allows the use of innovativetechniques and procedures, such as reliability-based limit state design methods, providing theminimum requirements of this European Standard are satisfied.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)61 ScopeThis European Standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials,construction, testing, operation, maintenance and abandonment of pipeline systems used fortransportation in the petroleum and natural gas industries.It applies to pipeline systems on land and offshore, connecting wells, production plants, processplants, refineries and storage facilities, including any section of a pipeline constructed within theboundaries of such facilities for the purpose of its connection. The extent of pipeline systems coveredby this European Standard is illustrated in Figure 1.On-land supply systems used by the gas supply industry are excluded from the scope of thisStandard.This European Standard applies to rigid metallic pipelines. It is not applicable for flexible pipelines orthose constructed from other materials such as glass-reinforced plastics.This European Standard is applicable to all new pipeline systems and may be applied to modificationsmade to existing ones. It is not intended that it should apply retroactively to existing pipeline systems.It describes the functional requirements of pipeline systems and provides a basis for their safe design,construction, testing, operation, maintenance and abandonment.This European Standard does not apply to pipeline systems for the transportation of oxygen.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from otherpublications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and thepublications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of anyof these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment orrevision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (includingamendments).ISO 148:1983, Steel ¾ Charpy impact test (V-notch).ISO 3183-1:1996, Petroleum and natural gas industries ¾ Steel pipe for pipelines ¾ Technicaldelivery conditions ¾ Part 1: Pipes of requirement class A.ISO 3183-2:1996, Petroleum and natural gas industries ¾ Steel pipe for pipelines ¾ Technicaldelivery conditions ¾ Part 2: Pipes of requirements class B.ISO 3183-3:1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries ¾ Steel pipe for pipelines ¾ Technicaldelivery conditions ¾ Part 3: Pipes of requirement class C.ISO 7005-1:1992, Metallic flanges ¾ Part 1: Steel flanges.ISO 10474:1991, Steel and steel products ¾ Inspection documents.ISO 13847, Petroleum and natural gas industries ¾ Pipeline transportation systems ¾ Welding ofpipelines.ISO 14313, Petroleum and natural gas industries ¾ Pipeline transportation systems ¾ Pipelinevalves.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)7ISO 14723, Petroleum and natural gas industries ¾ Pipeline transportation systems ¾ Subseapipeline valves.IEC 60079-10:1995, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres ¾ Part 10: Classification ofhazardous areas.IEC 60079-14:1996, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres ¾ Part 14: Electricalinstallations in hazardous areas (other than mines).API1) Std 620:1996, Design and construction of large, welded, low-pressure storage tanks.API Std 650:1993, Welded steel tanks for oil storage.ASME2) B16.5:1996, Pipe flanges and flanged fittings ¾ NPS 1/2 through NPS 24.ASME B31.3:1996, Process piping.ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:1998, Section VIII, Division I, Rules for construction ofpressure vessels.ASTM3) A193/A 193M:1998, Standard specification for alloy-steel and stainless steel bolting materialsfor high-temperature service.ASTM A194/A 194M:1998, Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts for bolts for highpressure or high temperature service, or both.MSS4) SP-25:1998, Standard marking system for valves, fittings, flanges and unions.MSS SP-44:1996, Steel pipeline flanges.NFPA5) 30, Flammables and combustible liquids code.NFPA 220, Standard on types of building construction.
1)American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington, DC 20005-4070, USA.2)American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, NY 10017-2392, USA.3)American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,USA.4)Manufacturer’s Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, 127 Park Street, N.E., Vienna, VA22180, USA.5)National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, PO Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101, USA.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)8NOTEThe pipeline system should include an isolation valve at connections with other facilities and atbranches.Figure 1 — Extent of pipeline systems covered by this European Standard3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)93.1commissioningactivities associated with the initial filling of a pipeline system with the fluid to be transported3.2fabricated assemblygrouping of pipe and components assembled as a unit and installed as a subunit of a pipeline system3.3fluidmedium to be transported through the pipeline system3.4hot tappingtapping, by mechanical cutting, of a pipeline in service3.5in-service pipelinepipeline that has been commissioned for the transportation of fluid3.6internal design pressuremaximum internal pressure at which the pipeline or section thereof is designed in compliance with thisEuropean Standard3.7lay corridorcorridor in which an offshore pipeline is to be installed, usually determined prior to construction3.8location classgeographic area classified according to criteria based on population density and human activity3.9maintenanceall activities designed to retain the pipeline system in a state in which it can perform its requiredfunctionsNOTEThese activities include inspections, surveys, testing, servicing, replacement, remedial works andrepairs.3.10maximum allowable operating pressureMAOPmaximum pressure at which a pipeline system, or parts thereof, is allowed to be operated3.11offshore pipelinepipeline laid in maritime waters and estuaries seaward of the ordinary high water mark3.12pipelinethose facilities through which fluids are conveyed, including pipe, pig traps, components andappurtenances, up to and including the isolating valves3.13pipeline design lifeperiod of time selected for the purpose of verifying that a replaceable or permanent component issuitable for the anticipated period of serviceSIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)103.14pipeline on landpipeline laid on or in land, including lines laid under inland water courses3.15pipeline systempipeline with compressor or pump stations, pressure control stations, flow control stations, metering,tankage, supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA), safety systems, corrosionprotection systems, and any other equipment, facility or building used in the transportation of fluids3.16right-of-waycorridor of land within which the pipeline operator has the right to conduct activities in accordance withthe agreement with the land owner3.17riserthat part of an offshore pipeline, including subsea spool pieces, which extends from the sea bed to thepipeline termination point on an offshore installation3.18specified minimum yield strengthSMYSminimum yield strength required by the specification or standard under which the material ispurchased4 General4.1 Health, safety and the environmentThe objective of this European Standard is that the design, material selection and specification,construction, testing, operation, maintenance and abandonment of pipeline systems for the petroleumand natural gas industries are safe and conducted with due regard to public safety and the protectionof the environment.4.2 Competence assuranceAll work associated with the design, construction, testing, operation, maintenance and abandonmentof the pipeline system shall be carried out by suitably qualified and competent persons.4.3 ComplianceA quality system should be applied to assist compliance with the requirements of this EuropeanStandard.NOTEISO 9000-1 gives guidance on the selection and use of quality systems.4.4 RecordsRecords of the pipeline system shall be kept and maintained throughout its lifetime to demonstratecompliance with the requirements of this European Standard. Annex F may be used for guidance orrecords which should be retained.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)115 Pipeline system design5.1 System definitionThe extent of the pipeline system, its functional requirements and applicable legislation should bedefined and documented.The extent of the system should be defined by describing the system, including the facilities with theirgeneral locations and the demarcations and interfaces with other facilities.The functional requirements should define the required design life and design conditions. Foreseeablenormal, extreme and shut-in operating conditions with their possible ranges in flowrates, pressures,temperatures, fluid compositions and fluid qualities should be identified and considered when definingthe design conditions.5.2 Categorization of fluidsThe fluids to be transported shall be placed in one of the following five categories according to thehazard potential in respect of public safety:Category ATypically non-flammable water-based fluids.Category BFlammable and/or toxic fluids which are liquids at ambient temperature and at atmospheric pressureconditions. Typical examples are oil and petroleum products. Methanol is an example of a flammable andtoxic fluid.Category CNon-flammable fluids which are non-toxic gases at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressureconditions. Typical examples are nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and air.Category DNon-toxic, single-phase natural gas.Category EFlammable and/or toxic fluids which are gases at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressureconditions and are conveyed as gases and/or liquids. Typical examples are hydrogen, natural gas (nototherwise covered in category D), ethane, ethylene, liquefied petroleum gas (such as propane and butane),natural gas liquids, ammonia and chlorine.Gases or liquids not specifically included by name should be classified in the category containingfluids most closely similar in hazard potential to those quoted. If the category is not clear, the morehazardous category shall be assumed.5.3 Hydraulic analysisThe hydraulics of the pipeline system should be analysed to demonstrate that the system can safelytransport the fluids for the design conditions specified in 5.1, and to identify and determine theconstraints and requirements for its operation. This analysis should cover steady-state and transientoperating conditions.NOTEExamples of constraints and operational requirements are allowances for pressure surges, preventionof blockage such as caused by the formation of hydrates and wax deposition, measures to prevent unacceptablepressure losses from higher viscosities at lower operating temperatures, measures for the control of liquid slugvolumes in multi-phase fluid transport, flow regime for internal corrosion control, erosional velocities andavoidance of slack line operations.5.4 Pressure control and overpressure protectionProvisions such as pressure control valves or automatic shutdown of pressurizing equipment shall beinstalled, or procedures implemented, if the operating pressure can exceed the maximum allowableoperating pressure anywhere in the pipeline system. Such provisions or procedures shall prevent theoperating pressure exceeding MAOP under normal steady-state conditions.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)12Overpressure protection, such as relief or source isolation valves, shall be provided if necessary toprevent incidental pressures exceeding the limits specified in 6.3.2.1 anywhere in the pipeline system.5.5 Requirements for operation and maintenanceThe requirements for the operation and maintenance of the pipeline system shall be established anddocumented for use in the design and the preparation of procedures for operations and maintenance.Aspects for which requirements should be specified may include:¾ requirements for identification of pipelines, components and fluids transported;¾ principles for system control, including consideration of manning levels and instrumentation;¾ location and hierarchy of control centres;¾ voice and data communications;¾ corrosion management;¾ condition monitoring;¾ leak detection;¾ pigging philosophy;¾ access, sectionalizing and isolation for operation, maintenance and replacement;¾ interfaces with upstream and downstream facilities;¾ emergency shut-in;¾ depressurization with venting and/or drainage;¾ shutdowns and restart;¾ requirements identified from the hydraulic analysis.5.6 Public safety and protection of the environmentNational requirements which take precedence over the requirements in this European Standard shallbe specified by the country in which the pipeline is located. The requirements in this EuropeanStandard for public safety and protection of the environment shall apply where no specific nationalrequirements exist.On-land pipeline systems for category D and E fluids should meet the requirements for public safety ofannex B where specific requirements for public safety have not been defined by the country in whichthe pipeline is located.6 Pipeline design6.1 Design principlesThe extent and detail of the design of a pipeline system shall be sufficient to demonstrate that theintegrity and serviceability required by this European Standard can be maintained during the designlife of the pipeline system.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)13Representative values for loads and load resistance shall be selected in accordance with goodengineering practice. Methods of analysis may be based on analytical, numerical or empirical models,or a combination of these methods.Principles of reliability-based limit state design methods may be applied, provided that all relevantultimate and serviceability limit states are considered. All relevant sources of uncertainty in loads andload resistance shall be considered and sufficient statistical data shall be available for adequatecharacterization of these uncertainties.Reliability-based limit state design methods shall not be used to replace the requirement in 6.4.2.2 forthe maximum permissible hoop stress due to fluid pressure.NOTEUltimate limit states are normally associated with loss of structural integrity, e.g. rupture, fracture,fatigue or collapse, whereas exceeding serviceability limit states prevents the pipeline from operating as intended.6.2 Route selection6.2.1 Considerations6.2.1.1 GeneralRoute selection shall take into account the design, construction, operation, maintenance andabandonment of the pipeline in accordance with this European Standard.To minimize the possibility of future corrective work and limitations, anticipated urban and industrydevelopments shall be considered.Factors which shall be considered during route selection include:¾ safety of the public, and personnel working on or near the pipeline;¾ protection of the environment;¾ other property and facilities;¾ third-party activities;¾ geotechnical, corrosivity and hydrographical conditions;¾ requirements for construction, operation and maintenance;¾ national and/or local requirements;¾ future exploration.NOTEAnnex C provides guidance on the planning of a route selection. Annex D provides examples offactors which should be addressed during the considerations required in 6.2.1.1 to 6.2.1.7.6.2.1.2 Public safetyPipelines conveying category B, C, D and E fluids should, where practicable, avoid built-up areas orareas with frequent human activity.In the absence of public safety requirements in a country, a safety evaluation shall be performed inaccordance with the general requirements of annex A for:¾ pipelines conveying category D fluids in locations where multi-storey buildings are prevalent,where traffic is heavy or dense, and where there may be numerous other utilities underground;SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)14¾ pipelines conveying category E fluids.6.2.1.3 EnvironmentAn assessment of environmental impact shall consider as a minimum:¾ temporary works during construction, repair and modification;¾ the long-term presence of the pipeline;¾ potential loss of fluids.6.2.1.4 Other facilitiesFacilities along the pipeline route which may affect the pipeline should be identified and their impactevaluated in consultation with the operator of these facilities.6.2.1.5 Third-party activitiesThird-party activities along the route shall be identified and should be evaluated in consultation withthese parties.6.2.1.6 Geotechnical, hydrographical and meteorological conditionsAdverse geotechnical and hydrographic conditions shall be identified and mitigating measuresdefined. In some instances, such as under arctic conditions, it may be necessary also to reviewmeteorological conditions.6.2.1.7 Construction, testing, operation and maintenanceThe route shall permit the required access and working width for the construction, testing, operationand maintenance, including any replacement, of the pipeline. The availability of utilities necessary forconstruction, operation and maintenance should also be reviewed.6.2.2 Surveys — Pipelines on landRoute and soil surveys shall be carried out to identify and locate with sufficient accuracy the relevantgeographical, geological, geotechnical, corrosivity, topographical and environmental features, andother facilities such as other pipelines, cables and obstructions, which could impact the pipeline routeselection.6.2.3 Surveys — Offshore pipelinesRoute and soil surveys shall be carried out on the proposed route to identify and locate:¾ geological features and natural hazards;¾ pipelines, cables and wellheads;¾ obstructions such as wrecks, mines and debris;¾ geotechnical properties.Meteorological and oceanographical data required for the design and construction planning shall becollected. Such data may include:SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)15¾ bathymetry;¾ winds;¾ tides;¾ waves;¾ currents;¾ atmospheric conditions;¾ hydrologic conditions (temperature, oxygen content, pH value, resistivity, biological activity,salinity);¾ marine growth;¾ soil accretion and erosion.6.3 Loads6.3.1 GeneralLoads, which may cause or contribute to pipeline failure or loss of serviceability of the pipeline system,shall be identified and accounted for in the design.For the strength design, loads shall be classified as:¾ functional; or¾ environmental; or¾ construction; or¾ accidental.6.3.2 Functional loads6.3.2.1 ClassificationLoads arising from the intended use of the pipeline system and residual loads from other sources shallbe classified as functional.NOTEThe weight of the pipeline, including components and fluid, and loads due to pressure andtemperature are examples of functional loads arising from the intended use of the system. Pre-stressing, residualstresses from installation, soil cover, external hydrostatic pressure, marine growth, subsidence and differentialsettlement, frost heave and thaw settlement, and sustained loads from icing are examples of functional loads fromother sources. Reaction forces at supports from functional loads and loads due to sustained displacements,rotations of supports or impact by changes in flow direction are also functional.6.3.2.2 Internal design pressureThe internal design pressure at any point in the pipeline system shall be equal to or greater than themaximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP). Pressures due to static head of the fluid shall beincluded in the steady-state pressures.SIST EN 14161:2004



EN 14161:2003 (E)16Incidental pressures during transient conditions in excess of MAOP are permitted, provided they are oflimited frequency and duration, and MAOP is not exceeded by more than 10 %.NOTEPressure due to surges, failure of pressure control equipment, and cumulative pressures duringactivation of over-pressure protection devices are examples of incidental pressures. Pressures caused by heatingof blocked-in static fluid are also incidental pressures, provided blocking-in is not a regular operating activity.6.3.2.3 TemperatureThe range in fluid temperatures during normal operations and anticipated blowdown conditions shallbe considered when determining temperature-induced loads.6.3.3 Environmental loads6.3.3.1 ClassificationLoads arising from the env
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