SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems - Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
- Abstract
Revision to fully comply with new ECC DEC (06)08 on GPR/WPR and reference to combined equipment guide TR 102 070-2. The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications. Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications. The scope is limited to GPR and WPR radars, in which the system is in close proximity to the materials being investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft.
The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended signal is not radiated into free space.
NOTE: Equipment covered by the present document is intended to be used by competent professional personnel.
The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating over approximately one decade in the frequency range
30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly downwards into the ground. Any horizontal radiation from this
equipment is caused by leakage and is considered as undesired emission.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a "wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
3) Equipment fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector.
4) Equipment which uses different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different frequencies.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
- Status
- Published
- Public Enquiry End Date
- 31-Jul-2007
- Publication Date
- 02-Jul-2008
- Technical Committee
- MOC - Mobile Communications
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 10-Jun-2008
- Due Date
- 15-Aug-2008
- Completion Date
- 03-Jul-2008
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ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 is the SIST adoption of an ETSI European Standard for Ground- and Wall-Probing Radar (GPR/WPR) imaging systems. It specifies the technical characteristics and test methods for radar equipment that operates close to the ground or a wall and is used for survey and detection by competent professional personnel.
What does SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 specify?
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 sets the technical requirements and measurement methods for GPR and WPR imaging systems. The standard focuses on equipment whose intended signal is not radiated into free space, but directed into the material being investigated.
It applies to GPR and WPR equipment in the 30 MHz to 12.4 GHz range, including systems with integral antennas and systems with interchangeable imaging heads. It excludes radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft.
The document is organized into clauses covering scope, references, definitions, technical requirements, test conditions, general measurement conditions, measurement uncertainty, and measurement methods and limits. It also includes normative and informative annexes for radiated measurements, a deactivation mechanism, antenna and preamplifier specifications, and mean power density calculations.
| Annex | What it covers |
|---|---|
| Annex A | Radiated measurements, test sites, antennas, site preparation, and field-to-power conversion |
| Annex B | Deactivation mechanism for GPR/WPR equipment |
| Annex C | Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications |
| Annex D | Calculation of the mean power density |
| Annex E | Bibliography |
What are the key requirements of SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008?
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 requires the equipment to be presented for testing in a way that represents the production model, and it defines how tests are to be carried out and reported. In practice, this means the provider has to supply the right sample, operating information, and support equipment so the laboratory can test the product under realistic conditions.
Equipment presentation and configuration
Clause 4 requires the provider to supply equipment, ancillary items, operating manuals, and technical documentation needed for testing. If the device has several optional features, testing may be limited to the most complex configuration that affects RF behavior, and each different imaging head has to be tested separately.
Mechanical, electrical, and cabling arrangements
Clause 4 also says the equipment should be built using good engineering practice and should minimize harmful interference. RF cables used in the measurement setup have to be coaxial, 50 Ω, with low VSWR and strong shielding, which matters because the tests deal with very low power levels and cable leakage can distort results.
Test conditions and power sources
Clause 5 sets normal and extreme test conditions. Normal testing is done within +15 °C to +35 °C and 20 % to 75 % relative humidity, while extreme temperature testing uses -20 °C to +55 °C; voltage conditions are also controlled, including specific treatment for regulated lead-acid battery sources and other declared power sources.
Radiated measurement conditions
Clause 6 requires radiated measurements to be made under far-field conditions, with the minimum distance based on the antenna aperture size and wavelength. The measuring receiver is a spectrum analyser, with bandwidth settings specified by frequency range, so the laboratory uses a repeatable setup that can capture the relevant emissions.
Measurement uncertainty and reporting
Clause 7 requires measurement uncertainty to be stated separately in the test report, and the uncertainty values must meet the stated limits. The calculation follows ETSI TR 100 028, which matters for pass/fail decisions because the measured value, not the uncertainty-adjusted value, is used against the limit.
Operating band and unwanted emissions
Clause 8 limits the frequency band of operation to 30 MHz to 12.4 GHz. It also defines undesired emissions as leaked or scattered signals from 30 MHz to 18 GHz and gives the measurement approach and limit values, including special handling for narrowband lines in RNSS bands.
Peak and mean power assessment
Annex D explains how to calculate mean power density from peak measurements using duty-cycle-related factors for pulsed systems and step-frequency systems. For the user, this means the test report must show not only peak emission results but also the parameters needed to judge average exposure over time.
Deactivation behavior
Annex B gives design guidance for deactivation when normal use is interrupted. Handheld equipment must switch off within 10 seconds after being released, remotely or computer controlled equipment must deactivate within 10 seconds after control is removed, and vehicle-mounted data collection equipment has a longer deactivation time requirement.
What terms does SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 define?
- Integral antenna - A permanent fixed antenna that is built into the equipment as an indispensable part of it.
- Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) - The inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), averaged over enough time to include PRI changes.
- Radiated measurements - Measurements that determine the absolute level of a radiated field.
- Equipment Under Test (EUT) - The device being measured in the test setup.
- Ground Probing Radar (GPR) - Radar used for survey and detection by radiating directly downward into the ground.
- Wall Probing Radar (WPR) - Radar used for survey and detection by radiating into a wall or similar absorbing structure.
- equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) - A radiated power measure used for undesired emission limits above 1 GHz.
- effective radiated power (e.r.p.) - A radiated power measure used for undesired emission limits below 1 GHz.
Who uses SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008?
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 is used by manufacturers, providers, and test laboratories working on GPR and WPR equipment. It helps them choose test samples, set up radiated measurements, document uncertainty, and verify that the equipment stays within the operating band and unwanted emission limits.
It is also relevant to competent professional personnel who operate GPR/WPR equipment in survey and detection applications. Buyers and quality managers use it to check whether a product has the technical characteristics and test evidence expected for this class of radar.
What changed in SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 from the previous edition?
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 revises V1.1.1 from September 2005. The scope states that this revision was made to fully comply with ECC DEC (06)08 on GPR/WPR and to reference TR 102 070-2 for combined equipment.
Which standards are used with SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008?
The standard relies on a small set of normative references and related ETSI documents:
- CISPR 16-1 - Defines radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, including the receiver basis used in the measurements.
- ETSI TR 100 028 - Provides the uncertainty method used for the measurement uncertainty values reported under clause 7.
- ETSI EN 302 066-2 - The companion part that covers the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive.
- ETSI TR 102 070-2 - Gives guidance for multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio equipment, used when GPR/WPR is part of combined equipment.
- CENELEC EN 55022 - Provides the Class A basis from which the undesired emission limits are derived.
- ANSI C63.5-2004 - Supports the antenna construction and use described in the radiated measurement annex.
- ETSI TR 102 273-2 and ETSI TR 102 273-4 - Provide verification guidance for anechoic chamber and open area test site methods used in Annex A.
What does the SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 document contain?
The document contains the detailed test framework for GPR/WPR imaging systems, including the handling of normal and extreme conditions, receiver bandwidth settings, and measurement uncertainty reporting. It also gives radiated measurement arrangements, including open area and indoor test sites, antenna use, site preparation, and the conversion of field strength to power limits.
Its technical annexes add practical test material: Annex B gives deactivation behavior for safe interruption of use, Annex C gives example antenna and preamplifier performance data, and Annex D gives the equations and setup concepts used to calculate mean power density from pulse width, PRF, dwell time, and scan time.
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ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems - Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods". This standard covers: Revision to fully comply with new ECC DEC (06)08 on GPR/WPR and reference to combined equipment guide TR 102 070-2. The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications. Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications. The scope is limited to GPR and WPR radars, in which the system is in close proximity to the materials being investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft. The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended signal is not radiated into free space. NOTE: Equipment covered by the present document is intended to be used by competent professional personnel. The present document applies to: 1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating over approximately one decade in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly downwards into the ground. Any horizontal radiation from this equipment is caused by leakage and is considered as undesired emission. 2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a "wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar. 3) Equipment fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector. 4) Equipment which uses different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different frequencies. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
Revision to fully comply with new ECC DEC (06)08 on GPR/WPR and reference to combined equipment guide TR 102 070-2. The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications. Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications. The scope is limited to GPR and WPR radars, in which the system is in close proximity to the materials being investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft. The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended signal is not radiated into free space. NOTE: Equipment covered by the present document is intended to be used by competent professional personnel. The present document applies to: 1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating over approximately one decade in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly downwards into the ground. Any horizontal radiation from this equipment is caused by leakage and is considered as undesired emission. 2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a "wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar. 3) Equipment fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector. 4) Equipment which uses different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different frequencies. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.060.99 - Other equipment for radiocommunications; 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1:2008 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR)
imaging systems;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and
test methods
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG31A-0113-1
Keywords
radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
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ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
2.1 Normative references.7
2.2 Informative references.7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7
3.1 Definitions.7
3.2 Symbols.8
3.3 Abbreviations.8
4 Technical requirements specifications .8
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.8
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing .9
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design.9
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment .9
4.4 General requirements for RF cables .9
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .9
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .9
5.2 External test power source.9
5.3 Normal test conditions.10
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.10
5.3.2 Normal test power source .10
5.3.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.10
5.3.2.2 Other power sources.10
5.4 Extreme test conditions .10
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.10
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.10
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.11
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.11
5.4.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.11
5.4.2.2 Other power sources.11
5.5 Combined equipment.11
6 General conditions.11
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements.11
6.2 Measuring receiver.11
7 Measurement uncertainty .12
8 Methods of measurement and limits.12
8.1 Frequency band of operation.12
8.1.1 Definition.12
8.1.2 Method of measurement.13
8.1.3 Limits.13
8.2 Undesired Emissions.13
8.2.1 Definition.13
8.2.2 Method of measurement.13
8.2.3 Limits.15
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements .16
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .16
A.1.1 Test antenna.16
A.1.2 Measuring antenna.17
ETSI
4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .17
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .17
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.17
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.17
A.2.4 Range length.17
A.2.5 Site preparation.18
A.2.6 Conversion of field strength to power limits .18
Annex B (normative): Deactivation mechanism.19
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications .20
Annex D (normative): Calculation of the Mean Power Density.21
Annex E (informative): Bibliography.24
History .25
ETSI
5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the
ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
ETSI
6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications.
Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications.
The scope is limited to GPR andWPR radars, in which the system is in close proximity to the materials being
investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft.
The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended
signal is not radiated into free space.
NOTE: Equipment covered by the present document is intended to be used by competent professional personnel.
The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating over approximately one decade in the frequency range
30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly downwards into the ground. Any horizontal radiation from this
equipment is caused by leakage and is considered as undesired emission.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a
"wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical
structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
3) Equipment fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector.
4) Equipment which uses different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at
different frequencies.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] ETSI EN 302 066-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Part 2: Harmonized
EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
2.2 Informative references
[4] ETSI TR 102 070-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Guide to the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[5] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement".
[6] ANSI C63.5-2004: "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control-Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[7] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[8] ETSI TR 102 273-4 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 4: Open area test site".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), averaged over a sufficiently long
time to cover all PRI variations
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
ETSI
8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
E Electrical field strength
f Frequency
f Frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
f Highest frequency of the frequency band of operation
H
f Lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation
L
P Power
R Distance
t Time
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
dB decibel
dBi gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
DT DwellTime
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar
IF Input Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
OATS Open Area Test Site
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSD Power Spectral Density
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Service
SA Spectrum Analyser
ST ScanTime
UWB Ultra WideBand
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WPR Wall Probing Radar
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment to be tested, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies
over which it is intended to operate.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
ETSI
9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
The performance of the equipment to be tested shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes (clause 5), conditions of testing (clause 6) and the measurement methods
(clause 8).
Equipment shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. The provider
shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as applicable, in order
to establish the appropriate test conditions.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
In addition, when a device has the capability of using different imaging heads, each one shall be tested independently.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
4.4 General requirements for RF cables
Due to the low power levels involved in the measurements, all RF cables including their connectors at both ends used
within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of coaxial type featuring within the frequency range they are
used:
• a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω;
• a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the
test results to be negligible.
ETSI
10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be a regulated lead-acid battery power source. For the purpose of the
present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the
equipment was designed.
When the radio equipment is intended for operation with the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source,
the normal test voltage shall be 1,1 multiplied by the nominal voltage of the battery (e.g. 6 V, 12 V, etc.).
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that
declared by the provider. Such values shall be stated in the test report.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and
the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
ETSI
11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower. temperatures of one of the following limits:
• temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source
The extreme test voltages for equipment shall be the nominal voltage ±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
5.5 Combined equipment
When GPR/WPR is part of a combined equipment refer to the guidelines set out in TR 102 070-2 [4].
6 General conditions
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annex A. In general, measurements
shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be fulfilled in a
minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d = largest dimension of the antenna aperture of
the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in
published guidelines/standards.
It may not be possible to measure at the power limits without low-noise amplification to reduce the overall noise figure
of the overall measurement system at a separation of approximately 3 meters in an RF quite environment. A lower
separation distance may be required since the instrumentation noise floor should be at least 10 dB above the limit within
the instrument bandwidth.
6.2 Measuring receiver
The term measuring receiver refers to a spectrum analyser. The reference bandwidth of the measuring receiver as
defined in CISPR 16-1 [1] shall be as given in table 1.
Table 1: Reference bandwidth of measuring receiver
Frequency being measured: f Spectrum analyser bandwidth (3 dB)
30 MHz ≤ f < 1 000 MHz 100 kHz
1 000 MHz ≤ f 1 MHz
ETSI
12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2007-12)
7 Measurement uncertainty
Interpretation of the results recorded in the test report for the measurements described in the present document shall be
as follows:
• the measured value related to the correspo
...
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR)
imaging systems;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and
test methods
2 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG31A-0113-1
Keywords
radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
2.1 Normative references.7
2.2 Informative references.7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7
3.1 Definitions.7
3.2 Symbols.8
3.3 Abbreviations.8
4 Technical requirements specifications .8
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.8
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing .9
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design.9
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment .9
4.4 General requirements for RF cables .9
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .9
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .9
5.2 External test power source.9
5.3 Normal test conditions.10
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.10
5.3.2 Normal test power source .10
5.3.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.10
5.3.2.2 Other power sources.10
5.4 Extreme test conditions .10
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.10
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.10
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.11
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.11
5.4.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.11
5.4.2.2 Other power sources.11
5.5 Combined equipment.11
6 General conditions.11
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements.11
6.2 Measuring receiver.11
7 Measurement uncertainty .12
8 Methods of measurement and limits.12
8.1 Frequency band of operation.12
8.1.1 Definition.12
8.1.2 Method of measurement.13
8.1.3 Limits.13
8.2 Undesired Emissions.13
8.2.1 Definition.13
8.2.2 Method of measurement.13
8.2.3 Limits.15
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements .16
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .16
A.1.1 Test antenna.16
A.1.2 Measuring antenna.17
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .17
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .17
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.17
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.17
A.2.4 Range length.17
A.2.5 Site preparation.18
A.2.6 Conversion of field strength to power limits .18
Annex B (normative): Deactivation mechanism.19
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications .20
Annex D (normative): Calculation of the Mean Power Density.21
Annex E (informative): Bibliography.24
History .25
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 22 February 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 November 2008
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2008
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications.
Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications.
The scope is limited to GPR and WPR radars, in which the system is in close proximity to the materials being
investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft.
The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended
signal is not radiated into free space.
NOTE: Equipment covered by the present document is intended to be used by competent professional personnel.
The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating over approximately one decade in the frequency range
30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly downwards into the ground. Any horizontal radiation from this
equipment is caused by leakage and is considered as undesired emission.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a
"wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical
structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
3) Equipment fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector.
4) Equipment which uses different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at
different frequencies.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] ETSI EN 302 066-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Part 2: Harmonized
EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
2.2 Informative references
[4] ETSI TR 102 070-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Guide to the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[5] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement".
[6] ANSI C63.5-2004: "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control-Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[7] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[8] ETSI TR 102 273-4 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 4: Open area test site".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), averaged over a sufficiently long
time to cover all PRI variations
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
E Electrical field strength
f Frequency
f Frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
f Highest frequency of the frequency band of operation
H
f Lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation
L
P Power
R Distance
t Time
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
dB decibel
dBi gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
DT DwellTime
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar
IF Input Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
OATS Open Area Test Site
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSD Power Spectral Density
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Service
SA Spectrum Analyser
ST ScanTime
UWB Ultra WideBand
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WPR Wall Probing Radar
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment to be tested, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies
over which it is intended to operate.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
The performance of the equipment to be tested shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes (clause 5), conditions of testing (clause 6) and the measurement methods
(clause 8).
Equipment shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. The provider
shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as applicable, in order
to establish the appropriate test conditions.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
In addition, when a device has the capability of using different imaging heads, each one shall be tested independently.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
4.4 General requirements for RF cables
Due to the low power levels involved in the measurements, all RF cables including their connectors at both ends used
within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of coaxial type featuring within the frequency range they are
used:
• a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω;
• a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the
test results to be negligible.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be a regulated lead-acid battery power source. For the purpose of the
present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the
equipment was designed.
When the radio equipment is intended for operation with the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source,
the normal test voltage shall be 1,1 multiplied by the nominal voltage of the battery (e.g. 6 V, 12 V, etc.).
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that
declared by the provider. Such values shall be stated in the test report.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and
the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower. temperatures of one of the following limits:
• temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source
The extreme test voltages for equipment shall be the nominal voltage ±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
5.5 Combined equipment
When GPR/WPR is part of a combined equipment refer to the guidelines set out in TR 102 070-2 [4].
6 General conditions
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annex A. In general, measurements
shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be fulfilled in a
minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d = largest dimension of the antenna aperture of
the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in
published guidelines/standards.
It may not be possible to measure at the power limits without low-noise amplification to reduce the overall noise figure
of the overall measurement system at a separation of approximately 3 meters in an RF quite environment. A lower
separation distance may be required since the instrumentation noise floor should be at least 10 dB above the limit within
the instrument bandwidth.
6.2 Measuring receiver
The term measuring receiver refers to a spectrum analyser. The reference bandwidth of the measuring receiver as
defined in CISPR 16-1 [1] shall be as given in table 1.
Table 1: Reference bandwidth of measuring receiver
Frequency being measured: f Spectrum analyser bandwidth (3 dB)
30 MHz ≤ f < 1 000 MHz 100 kHz
1 000 MHz ≤ f 1 MHz
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
7 Measurement uncertainty
Interpretation of the results recorded in the test report for the measurements described in the present document shall be
as follows:
• the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an e
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2008
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP (50
8SRUDEDVLVWHPRY]DVOLNDQMHSULUDGDUMLK]DVRQGLUDQMHWDOLQ]LGRY *35:35
GHO 7HKQLþQHNDUDNWHULVWLNHLQSUHVNXVQHPHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Ground- and Wall-
Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems - Part 1: Technical
characteristics and test methods
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 066-1 Version 1.2.1
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR)
imaging systems;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and
test methods
2 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG31A-0113-1
Keywords
radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
2.1 Normative references.7
2.2 Informative references.7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7
3.1 Definitions.7
3.2 Symbols.8
3.3 Abbreviations.8
4 Technical requirements specifications .8
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.8
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing .9
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design.9
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment .9
4.4 General requirements for RF cables .9
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .9
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .9
5.2 External test power source.9
5.3 Normal test conditions.10
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.10
5.3.2 Normal test power source .10
5.3.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.10
5.3.2.2 Other power sources.10
5.4 Extreme test conditions .10
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.10
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.10
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.11
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.11
5.4.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.11
5.4.2.2 Other power sources.11
5.5 Combined equipment.11
6 General conditions.11
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements.11
6.2 Measuring receiver.11
7 Measurement uncertainty .12
8 Methods of measurement and limits.12
8.1 Frequency band of operation.12
8.1.1 Definition.12
8.1.2 Method of measurement.13
8.1.3 Limits.13
8.2 Undesired Emissions.13
8.2.1 Definition.13
8.2.2 Method of measurement.13
8.2.3 Limits.15
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements .16
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .16
A.1.1 Test antenna.16
A.1.2 Measuring antenna.17
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .17
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .17
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.17
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.17
A.2.4 Range length.17
A.2.5 Site preparation.18
A.2.6 Conversion of field strength to power limits .18
Annex B (normative): Deactivation mechanism.19
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications .20
Annex D (normative): Calculation of the Mean Power Density.21
Annex E (informative): Bibliography.24
History .25
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5 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 22 February 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 November 2008
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2008
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6 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications.
Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications.
The scope is limited to GPR and WPR radars, in which the system is in close proximity to the materials being
investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft.
The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended
signal is not radiated into free space.
NOTE: Equipment covered by the present document is intended to be used by competent professional personnel.
The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating over approximately one decade in the frequency range
30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly downwards into the ground. Any horizontal radiation from this
equipment is caused by leakage and is considered as undesired emission.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a
"wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical
structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
3) Equipment fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector.
4) Equipment which uses different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at
different frequencies.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
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7 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] ETSI EN 302 066-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Part 2: Harmonized
EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
2.2 Informative references
[4] ETSI TR 102 070-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Guide to the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[5] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement".
[6] ANSI C63.5-2004: "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control-Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[7] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[8] ETSI TR 102 273-4 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 4: Open area test site".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), averaged over a sufficiently long
time to cover all PRI variations
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
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8 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
E Electrical field strength
f Frequency
f Frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
f Highest frequency of the frequency band of operation
H
f Lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation
L
P Power
R Distance
t Time
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
dB decibel
dBi gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
DT DwellTime
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar
IF Input Frequency
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
OATS Open Area Test Site
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
PSD Power Spectral Density
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Service
SA Spectrum Analyser
ST ScanTime
UWB Ultra WideBand
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WPR Wall Probing Radar
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment to be tested, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies
over which it is intended to operate.
The provider shall provide one or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
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9 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
The performance of the equipment to be tested shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes (clause 5), conditions of testing (clause 6) and the measurement methods
(clause 8).
Equipment shall be offered by the provider complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. The provider
shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as applicable, in order
to establish the appropriate test conditions.
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex, as
proposed by the provider and agreed by the test laboratory.
In addition, when a device has the capability of using different imaging heads, each one shall be tested independently.
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
4.4 General requirements for RF cables
Due to the low power levels involved in the measurements, all RF cables including their connectors at both ends used
within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of coaxial type featuring within the frequency range they are
used:
• a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω;
• a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the
test results to be negligible.
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10 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source
The normal test voltage for equipment shall be a regulated lead-acid battery power source. For the purpose of the
present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which the
equipment was designed.
When the radio equipment is intended for operation with the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source,
the normal test voltage shall be 1,1 multiplied by the nominal voltage of the battery (e.g. 6 V, 12 V, etc.).
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that
declared by the provider. Such values shall be stated in the test report.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and
the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
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11 ETSI EN 302 066-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower. temperatures of one of the following limits:
• temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Regulated lead-acid battery power source
The extreme test voltages for equipment shall be the nominal voltage ±10 %.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
5.5 Combined equipment
When GPR/WPR is part of a combined equipment refer to the guidelines set out in TR 102 070-2 [4].
6 General conditions
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annex A. In general, measurements
shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition for the EUTs is considered to be fulfilled in a
minimum radial distance "X" that shall be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d = largest dimension of the antenna aperture of
the EUT, for a single device measurement.
Absolute power measurements shall be made using an appropriate method to ensure that the wave front is properly
formed (i.e. operating in far field conditions). The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements as defined in
published guidelines/standards.
It may not be possible to measure at the power limits without low-noise amplification to reduce the overall noise figure
of the overall measurement system at a separation of approximately 3 meters in an RF quite environment. A lower
separation distance may be required since the instrumentation noise floor should be at least 10 dB above the limit within
the instrument bandwidth.
6.2 Measuring receiver
The term measuring receiver refers to a spectrum analyser. The reference bandwidth of the measuring receiver as
defined in CISPR 16-1 [1] shall be as given in table 1.
Table 1: Reference bandwidth of measuring receiver
Frequency being measured:
...