SIST EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2:2008

European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Wireless microphones
in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and
methods of measurement
2 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)

Reference
REN/ERM-TG17WG3-008-1
Keywords
audio, radio, radio MIC, testing
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
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The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
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Copyright Notification
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The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.6
Foreword.6
Introduction .7
1 Scope.8
2 References.9
2.1 Normative references.9
2.2 Informative references.9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .10
3.1 Definitions.10
3.2 Symbols.11
3.3 Abbreviations.11
4 Functional characteristics.12
4.1 Radio microphone descriptions.12
4.2 In ear monitoring.12
4.3 Assistive Listening Devices (Aids for the handicapped).12
4.4 Tour Guide systems.13
5 General.13
5.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.13
5.1.1 Choice of model for testing .14
5.1.2 Definitions of alignment and switching ranges.14
5.1.3 Choice of frequencies.14
5.1.4 Testing of single channel equipment .14
5.1.5 Testing of two channel equipment.14
5.1.6 Testing of multi-channel equipment (more than two channels).14
5.1.7 Testing of equipment without a permanent external RF port.14
5.1.7.1 Equipment with a permanent internal RF port .15
5.1.7.2 Equipment with a temporary RF port.15
5.2 Mechanical and electrical design.15
5.2.1 General.15
5.2.2 Controls.15
5.2.3 Performance testing with Integral antenna.15
5.2.4 Marking (equipment identification).15
5.3 Interpretation of the measurement results .15
6 Test conditions, power sources and ambient conditions .16
6.1 Normal and extreme test-conditions.16
6.2 Test power source.16
6.3 Normal test conditions.16
6.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.16
6.3.2 Normal test power source voltage.16
6.3.2.1 Mains voltage.16
6.3.2.2 Other power sources.17
6.4 Extreme test conditions .17
6.4.1 Extreme temperatures.17
6.4.1.1 Procedures for tests at extreme temperatures .17
6.4.2 Extreme test power source voltages.17
6.4.2.1 Mains voltage.17
6.4.2.2 Other power sources.17
7 General conditions.17
7.1 Normal test modulation.17
7.1.1 Analogue systems.17
7.1.2 Digital systems.18
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
7.2 Artificial antenna.19
7.3 Test fixture.19
7.4 Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements.19
7.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter .19
7.6 Arrangement for test signals at the input of the transmitter .19
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .20
8.1 Frequency stability .20
8.1.1 Method of measurement (analogue) .20
8.1.2 Method of measurement (digital).20
8.1.3 Limit.20
8.2 Rated output power .20
8.2.1 Method of measurement for equipment without integral antenna .20
8.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment with integral antenna.20
8.2.2.1 Method of measurement under normal test conditions .20
8.2.3 Limit.21
8.3 Necessary bandwidth.21
8.3.1 Necessary Bandwidth (BN) for Analogue Systems .21
8.3.1.1 Method of Measurement .21
8.3.1.2 Limits.22
8.3.2 Necessary Bandwidth (BN) for Digital Systems .22
8.3.2.1 Method of Measurement .22
8.3.2.2 Limits.24
8.4 Spurious emissions.25
8.4.1 Definition.25
8.4.2 Method of measurement.25
8.4.3 Limits.26
8.4.4 Measuring receiver.26
9 Receiver.26
9.1 Spurious emissions.26
9.1.1 Definitions.26
9.1.2 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load.26
9.1.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power of the enclosure .27
9.1.4 Method of measuring the effective radiated power.27
9.1.5 Limits.27
10 Measurement uncertainty .28
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.29
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .29
A.1.1 Anechoic Chamber.29
A.1.2 Anechoic Chamber with a conductive ground plane.30
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .31
A.1.4 Test antenna.32
A.1.5 Substitution antenna.32
A.1.6 Measuring antenna.33
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement.33
A.1.7.1 General.33
A.1.7.2 Description.33
A.1.7.3 Calibration.33
A.1.7.4 Mode of use .33
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .33
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .33
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.33
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.34
A.2.4 Volume control setting for analogue speech tests .34
A.2.5 Range length.34
A.2.6 Site preparation.35
A.3 Coupling of signals.35
A.3.1 General.35
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5 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
A.3.2 Data Signals.35
A.3.3 Speech and analogue signals .35
A.3.3.1 Acoustic coupler description.36
A.3.3.2 Calibration.36
A.4 Standard test position .36
A.5 Test fixture.37
A.5.1 Description.37
A.5.2 Calibration.37
A.5.3 Mode of use.38
Annex B (normative): Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN) for analogue systems.39
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.40
History .41

ETSI
6 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been updated in line with the advances in radio microphone technology in the digital field
and also with changes generated within CEPT in the former ERMES band for aids for the handicapped.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM); Wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 14 March 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 June 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 December 2008
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 2008

ETSI
7 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
Introduction
In preparing the present document, much attention has been given to assure a low interference probability, while at the
same time allowing maximum flexibility and service to the end-user.
Common technical specifications and harmonized frequency allocations are expected to greatly reduce problems of
interference and illegal use.
The present document is a testing standard based on spectrum utilization parameters and does not include performance
characteristics that may be required by the user nor requirements for interfacing equipment.
In-ear monitoring systems may be tested to either the present document (< 200 kHz max. occupied bandwidth) or to
EN 301 357-1 [4] (< 300 kHz max. occupied bandwidth) with due consideration of power and operating frequency.
Consumer radio microphones with 300 kHz occupied bandwidth can also be tested to EN 301 357-1 [4].
Since the initial adoption of I-ETS 300 422 [5] there has been the introduction of further types of equipment into the
market - cordless headphones/loudspeakers Low power Band II and consumer in-ear monitoring. These are low power
wideband systems that have some characteristics in common with radio microphones but are not compatible with
multichannel radio microphones. This equipment is covered by EN 301 357-1 [4].
Additional standards or specifications may be required for equipment intended to interface to the Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN). This facility may be subjected to regulatory conditions.
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8 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
1 Scope
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequency spectrum for wireless microphones. The present document specifies the minimum performance
requirements and the methods of measurement of Assistive Listening Devices, radio microphones and in-ear monitoring
systems. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily
represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document applies to equipment operating on radio frequencies between 25 MHz and 3 GHz (as shown in
table 1) using analogue, digital and hybrid (using both analogue and digital) modulation. The present document does not
apply to radio microphones or in ear monitoring equipment employing Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
modulation.
The maximum power recommended for equipment covered by the present document is 250 mW (erp below 1 GHz and
eirp above 1 GHz). Equipment above 250 mW should be tested to EN 300 454-1 [6].
The present document also covers radio microphones used in the 863 MHz to 865 MHz band, with a maximum power
of 10 mW.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-9 [7].
National regulations on maximum power output will apply or those detailed in the latest version of
CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [11], annex 10 (see http://www.erodocdb.dk/).
Equipment effective radiated power (erp)
or conducted
Class 1 Class 2
Radio Microphones > 250 mW 2 mW
In ear monitoring > 250 mW 2 mW
Tour guide systems 10 mW 2 mW
Aids for the handicapped 10 mW 2 mW
Radio Microphones 863 MHz to 865 MHz 10 mW 10 mW

The classes of equipment given in the present document are as follows:
- class 1 equipment would normally be considered as a category requiring an operator licence;
- class 2 equipment would be considered in some countries as not requiring an operator licence.
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• professional hand held radio microphones;
• professional body worn radio microphones;
• in ear monitoring systems;
• consumer radio microphones;
• tour guide systems; and
• Assistive Listening Devices (Aids for the handicapped).
Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Transmit 25 MHz to 3 000 MHz
Receive 25 MHz to 3 000 MHz
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ITU-R Recommendation BS.559-2: "Objective measurement of radio-frequency protection ratios
in LF, MF and HF broadcasting".
[2] IEC 60244-13: "Methods of measurement for radio transmitters; Part 13: Performance
characteristics for FM sound broadcasting".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM)
Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
2.2 Informative references
[4] ETSI EN 301 357-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Cordless audio devices in the range 25 MHz to 2 000 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and
test methods".
[5] ETSI I-ETS 300 422: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Technical characteristics and test
methods for wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range".
[6] ETSI EN 300 454-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wide
band audio links; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods".
[7] ETSI EN 301 489-9: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 9: Specific
conditions for wireless microphones, similar Radio Frequency (RF) audio link equipment, cordless
audio and in-ear monitoring devices".
[8] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
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10 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
[9] ETSI TR 102 273: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[10] ANSI C63.5: "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electro Magnetic Interference".
[11] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
alignment range: See clause 5.1.2.
antenna port: port, where a radio frequency antenna is connected to equipment
audio limiting threshold: audio input or output level at which the transmitter audio limiter action may be said to
commence
NOTE: It is specified with any accessible variable gain controls set according to the manufacturer's instructions,
with a sinusoidal input signal of 500 Hz.
base station equipment: radio and/or ancillary equipment intended for operation at a fixed location and powered
directly or indirectly
EXAMPLE: Via an ac/dc converter or power supply) by the ac mains network, or an extended local dc mains
network.
class of emission: set of characteristics of an emission, designated by standard symbols, e.g. type of modulation of the
main carrier, modulating signal, type of information to be transmitted, and also, if appropriate, any additional signal
characteristics
conducted measurements: measurements that are made using a direct connection to the EUT
confidence level: the probability of the accumulated error of a measurement being within the stated range of
uncertainty of measurement
enclosure port: physical boundary of the apparatus through which electromagnetic fields may radiate or impinge
NOTE: In the case of integral antenna equipment, this port is inseparable from the antenna port.
frequency stability: the spontaneous and/or environmentally caused frequency change within a given time interval
integral antenna: antenna, with or without a connector, designed as, and declared as by the manufacturer, an
indispensable part of the equipment
integral microphone: microphone, designed as, and declared as by the manufacturer, an indispensable fixed part of the
equipment
mean power (of a radio transmitter): average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a transmitter during
an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the lowest frequency encountered in the modulation taken under
normal operating conditions
mobile equipment: receiver, transmitter or transmitter/receiver (transceiver) intended for installation and use in a
vehicle, and powered by the main battery of the vehicle
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11 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
modulation schemes:
• analogue modulation: any modulation scheme without discrete constellation points (e.g. FM);
• digital modulation: any modulation scheme with discrete constellation points (e.g. FSK, PSK);
• hybrid systems: will be classified as analogue or digital device depending on the RF- modulation scheme
e.g. analogue modulation with digital pre-processing.
necessary bandwidth: for a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure
the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions
out-of-band emission: emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which
results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions
port: any connection point on or within the Equipment Under Test (EUT) intended for the connection of cables to or
from that equipment
portable equipment: radio and/or ancillary equipment intended for portable (e.g. handheld) operation, powered by its
own integral battery
radiated measurements: measurements that involve the absolute measurement of a radiated electromagnetic field
Radio Frequency (RF) port: any connection point on or within the EUT intended for the connection of RF cables
NOTE: RF ports are treated as 50 Ω connection points unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
radio receiver: item of electronic equipment designed to receive electromagnetic radio frequency emissions
rated output power: mean power that the transmitter shall deliver at its antenna port under the manufacturer's specified
conditions of operation. For the purposes of the present document this shall be quoted as erp below 1 GHz and eirp
above 1 GHz.
spurious emissions: emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of
which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include
harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products but exclude out
of band emissions
switching range: See clause 5.1.2.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ wavelength in metres
µF microFarad
µW microWatt
Ω ohm
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ac alternating current
B declared channel Bandwidth
NOTE: See table 2.
AF Audio Frequency
BN Necessary Bandwidth
dBc dB relative to the carrier level
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
dc direct current
eirp equivalent isotropically radiated power
erp effective radiated power
EUT Equipment Under Test
fc centre frequency
GHz GigaHertz
kHz kiloHertz
LF Low Frequency
lim limiting
MHz MegaHertz
mW milliWatt
OATS Open Area Test Site
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
R distance
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TR Transient phenomena applied to Receivers
Tx Transmitter
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Functional characteristics
4.1 Radio microphone descriptions
Radio microphones are used to provide a high quality, short range, wireless link for use in audio performance for
professional use in broadcasting, concerts, etc. The radio part of the transmitter and receiver shall be made up
exclusively from equipment that has been approved according to the present document.
Other equipment that may be connected to radio microphones shall fulfil the standards applicable to that equipment
(if any).
4.2 In ear monitoring
In ear monitoring equipment is used by stage and studio performers to receive personal fold back (monitoring) of the
performance. This can be just their own voice or a complex mix of sources. The bandwidth requirement of professional
in ear monitoring equipment is similar to those of radio microphones.
The radio part of the transmitter and receiver shall be made up exclusively from equipment that has been approved
according to the present document.
Other equipment that may be connected to in ear monitoring equipment shall fulfil the standards applicable to that
equipment (if any).
4.3 Assistive Listening Devices (Aids for the handicapped)
Hearing impaired persons use hearing aids, which are electro acoustic amplifiers including a microphone and
a loudspeaker and having frequency response and dynamic characteristics specific to each hearing loss. A wireless
solution for connecting an external remote microphone to the hearing aid could be realized with a narrow band FM
transmitter operating in the frequency range 169,4 MHz to 220 MHz in combination with an FM receiver. The FM
transmitter could be handheld, put around the neck by using a neckloop or put on a table in front of a speaker, a teacher
or other persons whose voice would not be captured without this help because of the surrounding acoustic noise. The
radio part of the FM transmitter and receiver shall comply with the requirements of the present document. In case that
the FM transmitter has integrated equipment providing additionally inductive remote control for hearing instruments or
connectivity to Bluetooth compatible cellular phones, the transmitter should fulfil also the standards applicable for that
equipment.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
4.4 Tour Guide systems
Tour guide wireless systems are used for guided tours of a city, museum, business facilities, etc. A tour guide system
consists of a low power (10mW or less) wireless transmitter and several headset or headset-connected receivers
depending on the number of persons participating in the tour. The wireless transmitter can utilize a built-in or external
microphone. The radio section of the transmitter and receiver shall comply with the requirements of the present
document. Other equipment that may be connected to tour guide systems shall fulfil the requirements of the applicable
standards for that equipment.
5 General
5.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all channels over which it
is intended to operate.
For radio microphones that may use a variety of audio capsules, the manufacturer shall supply the test sample with an
audio test fixture, to substitute the audio capsule with suitable input and output impedance.
The test report shall state the channel bandwidth(s) within which the equipment is designed to operate, but with a
maximum of 200 kHz below 1 GHz and a maximum of 600 kHz above 1 GHz (see table 2).
The test report shall state the audio input limiting threshold (see clause 7.1.1).
The test report shall also supply all relevant interface information to allow:
• direct current (dc) power connection;
• RF connection;
• audio connection;
• the bandwidth and audio limiting of the transmitter; and
• the setting of any input audio level controls for normal operation, for a sinusoidal input signal of 500 Hz. The
manufacturer shall specify the settings of any other controls necessary to avoid invalidating the test
measurements.
Besides the technical documentation, the provider shall also supply an operating manual for the device(s) (in order that
the test engineer shall operate the equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions).
Table 2: Channel bandwidth
Declared channel Bandwidth (B) Designation
50 kHz L
75 kHz M
100 kHz P
150 kHz Q
200 kHz R
250 kHz S
300 kHz T
400 kHz U
600 kHz V
Assistive Listening Devices may also use 12,5 KHz (designation A) and 25 KHz (designation B).
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
5.1.1 Choice of model for testing
The provider shall supply one or more production model(s) of the equipment, including all antenna(s) designed for the
equipment, and that are required to be covered by the testing.
The equipment tested shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding production models.
If approval or compliance is given on the basis of tests on a preliminary model, the corresponding production models
shall be identical in all respects with the preliminary model tested. For a model with more than one antenna the device
shall not exceed the maximum erp.
In the case of radio microphone equipment without a permanent external RF port, see clause 5.1.7.
5.1.2 Definitions of alignment and switching ranges
The alignment range is defined as the frequency range over which the receiver and the transmitter can be programmed
and/or re-aligned to operate with a single oscillator frequency multiplication, without any physical change of
components other than:
• programmable read only memories supplied by the manufacturer or the manufacturer's nominee;
• crystals;
• frequency setting elements (for the receiver and transmitter). These elements shall not be accessible to the end
user and shall be declared by the provider in the application form.
The switching range is the maximum frequency range over which the receiver or the transmitter can be operated
without re-programming or realignment.
The provider shall, when submitting equipment for test, state the alignment ranges for the receiver and transmitter. The
provider shall also state the switching range of the receiver and the transmitter (which may differ).
5.1.3 Choice of frequencies
The frequencies for testing shall be chosen by the provider.
5.1.4 Testing of single channel equipment
Full tests shall be carried out on a channel closest to the centre frequency of the alignment range on one sample of the
equipment.
5.1.5 Testing of two channel equipment
One sample shall be submitted to enable full tests to be carried out on the highest frequency and the lowest frequency of
the switching range.
5.1.6 Testing of multi-channel equipment (more than two channels)
One sample of the equipment shall be submitted to enable tests to be carried out on three channels. The closest centre
frequency of the switching range of the sample shall correspond to the closest centre frequency of the alignment range.
Full tests shall be carried out on a frequency closest to the centre frequency, and at the lowest and highest frequencies of
the switching range.
5.1.7 Testing of equipment without a permanent external RF port
To facilitate relative measurements, use may be made of a test fixture as described in clause 7.3, or the equipment may
be supplied with a permanent internal or temporary internal/external RF port.
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
5.1.7.1 Equipment with a permanent internal RF port
The way to access a permanent internal RF port shall be stated by the provider with the aid of a diagram. The fact that
use has been made of a permanent internal RF port shall be recorded in the test report.
5.1.7.2 Equipment with a temporary RF port
The provider shall submit two sets of equipment to the test laboratory, one fitted with a temporary 50 Ω RF connector
with the antenna disconnected and the other with
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2008
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP(50
%UH]åLþQLPLNURIRQLYIUHNYHQþQHPREPRþMXRG0+]GR*+]GHO7HKQLþQH
NDUDNWHULVWLNHLQPHULOQHPHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Wireless
microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range - Part 1: Technical characteristics
and methods of measurement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 300 422-1 Version 1.3.2
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
33.160.50 Pribor Accessories
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Wireless microphones
in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and
methods of measurement
2 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)

Reference
REN/ERM-TG17WG3-008-1
Keywords
audio, radio, radio MIC, testing
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.6
Foreword.6
Introduction .7
1 Scope.8
2 References.9
2.1 Normative references.9
2.2 Informative references.9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .10
3.1 Definitions.10
3.2 Symbols.11
3.3 Abbreviations.11
4 Functional characteristics.12
4.1 Radio microphone descriptions.12
4.2 In ear monitoring.12
4.3 Assistive Listening Devices (Aids for the handicapped).12
4.4 Tour Guide systems.13
5 General.13
5.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.13
5.1.1 Choice of model for testing .14
5.1.2 Definitions of alignment and switching ranges.14
5.1.3 Choice of frequencies.14
5.1.4 Testing of single channel equipment .14
5.1.5 Testing of two channel equipment.14
5.1.6 Testing of multi-channel equipment (more than two channels).14
5.1.7 Testing of equipment without a permanent external RF port.14
5.1.7.1 Equipment with a permanent internal RF port .15
5.1.7.2 Equipment with a temporary RF port.15
5.2 Mechanical and electrical design.15
5.2.1 General.15
5.2.2 Controls.15
5.2.3 Performance testing with Integral antenna.15
5.2.4 Marking (equipment identification).15
5.3 Interpretation of the measurement results .15
6 Test conditions, power sources and ambient conditions .16
6.1 Normal and extreme test-conditions.16
6.2 Test power source.16
6.3 Normal test conditions.16
6.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.16
6.3.2 Normal test power source voltage.16
6.3.2.1 Mains voltage.16
6.3.2.2 Other power sources.17
6.4 Extreme test conditions .17
6.4.1 Extreme temperatures.17
6.4.1.1 Procedures for tests at extreme temperatures .17
6.4.2 Extreme test power source voltages.17
6.4.2.1 Mains voltage.17
6.4.2.2 Other power sources.17
7 General conditions.17
7.1 Normal test modulation.17
7.1.1 Analogue systems.17
7.1.2 Digital systems.18
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4 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
7.2 Artificial antenna.19
7.3 Test fixture.19
7.4 Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements.19
7.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter .19
7.6 Arrangement for test signals at the input of the transmitter .19
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .20
8.1 Frequency stability .20
8.1.1 Method of measurement (analogue) .20
8.1.2 Method of measurement (digital).20
8.1.3 Limit.20
8.2 Rated output power .20
8.2.1 Method of measurement for equipment without integral antenna .20
8.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment with integral antenna.20
8.2.2.1 Method of measurement under normal test conditions .20
8.2.3 Limit.21
8.3 Necessary bandwidth.21
8.3.1 Necessary Bandwidth (BN) for Analogue Systems .21
8.3.1.1 Method of Measurement .21
8.3.1.2 Limits.22
8.3.2 Necessary Bandwidth (BN) for Digital Systems .22
8.3.2.1 Method of Measurement .22
8.3.2.2 Limits.24
8.4 Spurious emissions.25
8.4.1 Definition.25
8.4.2 Method of measurement.25
8.4.3 Limits.26
8.4.4 Measuring receiver.26
9 Receiver.26
9.1 Spurious emissions.26
9.1.1 Definitions.26
9.1.2 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load.26
9.1.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power of the enclosure .27
9.1.4 Method of measuring the effective radiated power.27
9.1.5 Limits.27
10 Measurement uncertainty .28
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.29
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .29
A.1.1 Anechoic Chamber.29
A.1.2 Anechoic Chamber with a conductive ground plane.30
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .31
A.1.4 Test antenna.32
A.1.5 Substitution antenna.32
A.1.6 Measuring antenna.33
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement.33
A.1.7.1 General.33
A.1.7.2 Description.33
A.1.7.3 Calibration.33
A.1.7.4 Mode of use .33
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .33
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .33
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.33
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.34
A.2.4 Volume control setting for analogue speech tests .34
A.2.5 Range length.34
A.2.6 Site preparation.35
A.3 Coupling of signals.35
A.3.1 General.35
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5 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
A.3.2 Data Signals.35
A.3.3 Speech and analogue signals .35
A.3.3.1 Acoustic coupler description.36
A.3.3.2 Calibration.36
A.4 Standard test position .36
A.5 Test fixture.37
A.5.1 Description.37
A.5.2 Calibration.37
A.5.3 Mode of use.38
Annex B (normative): Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN) for analogue systems.39
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.40
History .41

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6 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been updated in line with the advances in radio microphone technology in the digital field
and also with changes generated within CEPT in the former ERMES band for aids for the handicapped.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM); Wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 14 March 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 June 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 December 2008
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 2008

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7 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
Introduction
In preparing the present document, much attention has been given to assure a low interference probability, while at the
same time allowing maximum flexibility and service to the end-user.
Common technical specifications and harmonized frequency allocations are expected to greatly reduce problems of
interference and illegal use.
The present document is a testing standard based on spectrum utilization parameters and does not include performance
characteristics that may be required by the user nor requirements for interfacing equipment.
In-ear monitoring systems may be tested to either the present document (< 200 kHz max. occupied bandwidth) or to
EN 301 357-1 [4] (< 300 kHz max. occupied bandwidth) with due consideration of power and operating frequency.
Consumer radio microphones with 300 kHz occupied bandwidth can also be tested to EN 301 357-1 [4].
Since the initial adoption of I-ETS 300 422 [5] there has been the introduction of further types of equipment into the
market - cordless headphones/loudspeakers Low power Band II and consumer in-ear monitoring. These are low power
wideband systems that have some characteristics in common with radio microphones but are not compatible with
multichannel radio microphones. This equipment is covered by EN 301 357-1 [4].
Additional standards or specifications may be required for equipment intended to interface to the Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN). This facility may be subjected to regulatory conditions.
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8 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
1 Scope
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequency spectrum for wireless microphones. The present document specifies the minimum performance
requirements and the methods of measurement of Assistive Listening Devices, radio microphones and in-ear monitoring
systems. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily
represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document applies to equipment operating on radio frequencies between 25 MHz and 3 GHz (as shown in
table 1) using analogue, digital and hybrid (using both analogue and digital) modulation. The present document does not
apply to radio microphones or in ear monitoring equipment employing Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
modulation.
The maximum power recommended for equipment covered by the present document is 250 mW (erp below 1 GHz and
eirp above 1 GHz). Equipment above 250 mW should be tested to EN 300 454-1 [6].
The present document also covers radio microphones used in the 863 MHz to 865 MHz band, with a maximum power
of 10 mW.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-9 [7].
National regulations on maximum power output will apply or those detailed in the latest version of
CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [11], annex 10 (see http://www.erodocdb.dk/).
Equipment effective radiated power (erp)
or conducted
Class 1 Class 2
Radio Microphones > 250 mW 2 mW
In ear monitoring > 250 mW 2 mW
Tour guide systems 10 mW 2 mW
Aids for the handicapped 10 mW 2 mW
Radio Microphones 863 MHz to 865 MHz 10 mW 10 mW

The classes of equipment given in the present document are as follows:
- class 1 equipment would normally be considered as a category requiring an operator licence;
- class 2 equipment would be considered in some countries as not requiring an operator licence.
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• professional hand held radio microphones;
• professional body worn radio microphones;
• in ear monitoring systems;
• consumer radio microphones;
• tour guide systems; and
• Assistive Listening Devices (Aids for the handicapped).
Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Transmit 25 MHz to 3 000 MHz
Receive 25 MHz to 3 000 MHz
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9 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ITU-R Recommendation BS.559-2: "Objective measurement of radio-frequency protection ratios
in LF, MF and HF broadcasting".
[2] IEC 60244-13: "Methods of measurement for radio transmitters; Part 13: Performance
characteristics for FM sound broadcasting".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM)
Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
2.2 Informative references
[4] ETSI EN 301 357-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Cordless audio devices in the range 25 MHz to 2 000 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and
test methods".
[5] ETSI I-ETS 300 422: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Technical characteristics and test
methods for wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range".
[6] ETSI EN 300 454-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wide
band audio links; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods".
[7] ETSI EN 301 489-9: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 9: Specific
conditions for wireless microphones, similar Radio Frequency (RF) audio link equipment, cordless
audio and in-ear monitoring devices".
[8] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
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10 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
[9] ETSI TR 102 273: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[10] ANSI C63.5: "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electro Magnetic Interference".
[11] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
alignment range: See clause 5.1.2.
antenna port: port, where a radio frequency antenna is connected to equipment
audio limiting threshold: audio input or output level at which the transmitter audio limiter action may be said to
commence
NOTE: It is specified with any accessible variable gain controls set according to the manufacturer's instructions,
with a sinusoidal input signal of 500 Hz.
base station equipment: radio and/or ancillary equipment intended for operation at a fixed location and powered
directly or indirectly
EXAMPLE: Via an ac/dc converter or power supply) by the ac mains network, or an extended local dc mains
network.
class of emission: set of characteristics of an emission, designated by standard symbols, e.g. type of modulation of the
main carrier, modulating signal, type of information to be transmitted, and also, if appropriate, any additional signal
characteristics
conducted measurements: measurements that are made using a direct connection to the EUT
confidence level: the probability of the accumulated error of a measurement being within the stated range of
uncertainty of measurement
enclosure port: physical boundary of the apparatus through which electromagnetic fields may radiate or impinge
NOTE: In the case of integral antenna equipment, this port is inseparable from the antenna port.
frequency stability: the spontaneous and/or environmentally caused frequency change within a given time interval
integral antenna: antenna, with or without a connector, designed as, and declared as by the manufacturer, an
indispensable part of the equipment
integral microphone: microphone, designed as, and declared as by the manufacturer, an indispensable fixed part of the
equipment
mean power (of a radio transmitter): average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a transmitter during
an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the lowest frequency encountered in the modulation taken under
normal operating conditions
mobile equipment: receiver, transmitter or transmitter/receiver (transceiver) intended for installation and use in a
vehicle, and powered by the main battery of the vehicle
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11 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
modulation schemes:
• analogue modulation: any modulation scheme without discrete constellation points (e.g. FM);
• digital modulation: any modulation scheme with discrete constellation points (e.g. FSK, PSK);
• hybrid systems: will be classified as analogue or digital device depending on the RF- modulation scheme
e.g. analogue modulation with digital pre-processing.
necessary bandwidth: for a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure
the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions
out-of-band emission: emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which
results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions
port: any connection point on or within the Equipment Under Test (EUT) intended for the connection of cables to or
from that equipment
portable equipment: radio and/or ancillary equipment intended for portable (e.g. handheld) operation, powered by its
own integral battery
radiated measurements: measurements that involve the absolute measurement of a radiated electromagnetic field
Radio Frequency (RF) port: any connection point on or within the EUT intended for the connection of RF cables
NOTE: RF ports are treated as 50 Ω connection points unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
radio receiver: item of electronic equipment designed to receive electromagnetic radio frequency emissions
rated output power: mean power that the transmitter shall deliver at its antenna port under the manufacturer's specified
conditions of operation. For the purposes of the present document this shall be quoted as erp below 1 GHz and eirp
above 1 GHz.
spurious emissions: emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of
which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include
harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products but exclude out
of band emissions
switching range: See clause 5.1.2.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ wavelength in metres
µF microFarad
µW microWatt
Ω ohm
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ac alternating current
B declared channel Bandwidth
NOTE: See table 2.
AF Audio Frequency
BN Necessary Bandwidth
dBc dB relative to the carrier level
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12 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
dc direct current
eirp equivalent isotropically radiated power
erp effective radiated power
EUT Equipment Under Test
fc centre frequency
GHz GigaHertz
kHz kiloHertz
LF Low Frequency
lim limiting
MHz MegaHertz
mW milliWatt
OATS Open Area Test Site
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
R distance
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TR Transient phenomena applied to Receivers
Tx Transmitter
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Functional characteristics
4.1 Radio microphone descriptions
Radio microphones are used to provide a high quality, short range, wireless link for use in audio performance for
professional use in broadcasting, concerts, etc. The radio part of the transmitter and receiver shall be made up
exclusively from equipment that has been approved according to the present document.
Other equipment that may be connected to radio microphones shall fulfil the standards applicable to that equipment
(if any).
4.2 In ear monitoring
In ear monitoring equipment is used by stage and studio performers to receive personal fold back (monitoring) of the
performance. This can be just their own voice or a complex mix of sources. The bandwidth requirement of professional
in ear monitoring equipment is similar to those of radio microphones.
The radio part of the transmitter and receiver shall be made up exclusively from equipment that has been approved
according to the present document.
Other equipment that may be connected to in ear monitoring equipment shall fulfil the standards applicable to that
equipment (if any).
4.3 Assistive Listening Devices (Aids for the handicapped)
Hearing impaired persons use hearing aids, which are electro acoustic amplifiers including a microphone and
a loudspeaker and having frequency response and dynamic characteristics specific to each hearing loss. A wireless
solution for connecting an external remote microphone to the hearing aid could be realized with a narrow band FM
transmitter operating in the frequency range 169,4 MHz to 220 MHz in combination with an FM receiver. The FM
transmitter could be handheld, put around the neck by using a neckloop or put on a table in front of a speaker, a teacher
or other persons whose voice would not be captured without this help because of the surrounding acoustic noise. The
radio part of the FM transmitter and receiver shall comply with the requirements of the present document. In case that
the FM transmitter has integrated equipment providing additionally inductive remote control for hearing instruments or
connectivity to Bluetooth compatible cellular phones, the transmitter should fulfil also the standards applicable for that
equipment.
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13 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
4.4 Tour Guide systems
Tour guide wireless systems are used for guided tours of a city, museum, business facilities, etc. A tour guide system
consists of a low power (10mW or less) wireless transmitter and several headset or headset-connected receivers
depending on the number of persons participating in the tour. The wireless transmitter can utilize a built-in or external
microphone. The radio section of the transmitter and receiver shall comply with the requirements of the present
document. Other equipment that may be connected to tour guide systems shall fulfil the requirements of the applicable
standards for that equipment.
5 General
5.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all channels over which it
is intended to operate.
For radio microphones that may use a variety of audio capsules, the manufacturer shall supply the test sample with an
audio test fixture, to substitute the audio capsule with suitable input and output impedance.
The test report shall state the channel bandwidth(s) within which the equipment is designed to operate, but with a
maximum of 200 kHz below 1 GHz and a maximum of 600 kHz above 1 GHz (see table 2).
The test report shall state the audio input limiting threshold (see clause 7.1.1).
The test report shall also supply all relevant interface information to allow:
• direct current (dc) power connection;
• RF connection;
• audio connection;
• the bandwidth and audio limiting of the transmitter; and
• the setting of any input audio level controls for normal operation, for a sinusoidal input signal of 500 Hz. The
manufacturer shall specify the settings of any other controls necessary to avoid invalidating the test
measurements.
Besides the technical documentation, the provider shall also supply an operating manual for the device(s) (in order that
the test engineer shall operate the equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions).
Table 2: Channel bandwidth
Declared channel Bandwidth (B) Designation
50 kHz L
75 kHz M
100 kHz P
150 kHz Q
200 kHz R
250 kHz S
300 kHz T
400 kHz U
600 kHz V
Assistive Listening Devices may also use 12,5 KHz (designation A) and 25 KHz (designation B).
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14 ETSI EN 300 422-1 V1.3.2 (2008-03)
5.1.1 Choice of model for testing
The provider shall supply one or more production model(s) of the equipment, including all antenna(s) designed for the
equipment, and that are required to be covered by the testing.
The equipment tested shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding production models.
If approval or compliance is given on the basis of tests on a preliminary model, the corresponding production models
shall be identical in all respects with the preliminary model tested. For a model with more than one antenna the device
shall not exceed the maximum erp.
In the case of radio microphone equipment without a permanent external RF port, see clause 5.1.7.
5.1.2 Definitions of alignment and switching ranges
The alignment range is defined as the frequency range over which the receiver and the transmitter can be programmed
and/or re-aligned to operate with a single oscillator frequency multiplication, without any physical change of
components other than:
• programmable read only memories supplied by the manufacturer or the manufacturer's nominee;
• crystals;
• frequency setting elements (for the receiver and transmitter). These elements shall not be accessible to the end
user and shall be declared by the provider in the application form.
The switching range is the maximum frequency range over which the receiver or the transmitter can be operated
without re-programming or realignment.
The provider shall, when submitting equipment for test, state the alignment ranges for the receiver and transmitter. The
provider shall also state the switching range of the receiver and the transmitter (which may differ).
5.1.3 Choice of frequencies
The frequencies for testing shall be chosen by the provider.
5.1.4 Testing of single channel equipment
Full tests shall be carried out on a channel closest to the centre frequency of the alignment range on one sample of the
equi
...