SIST EN IEC 60034-2-2:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2024
Električni rotacijski stroji - 2-2. del: Posebne metode za ugotavljanje posameznih
izgub pri velikih strojev s preskušanjem - Dodatek k IEC 60034-2-1 (IEC 60034-2-
2:2024)
Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-2: Specific methods for determining separate losses
of large machines from tests - Supplement to IEC 60034-2-1 (IEC 60034-2-2:2024)
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 2-2: Besondere Verfahren zur Bestimmung der
Einzelverluste großer elektrischer Maschinen aus Prüfungen - Ergänzung zu IEC 60034-
2-1 (IEC 60034-2-2:2024)
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 2-2: Méthodes spécifiques pour déterminer les
pertes séparées des machines de grande taille à partir d'essais - Complément à l'IEC
60034-2-1 (IEC 60034-2-2:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60034-2-2:2024
ICS:
29.160.01 Rotacijski stroji na splošno Rotating machinery in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60034-2-2

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2024
ICS 29.160.01 Supersedes EN 60034-2-2:2010
English Version
Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-2: Specific methods for
determining separate losses of large machines from tests -
Supplement to IEC 60034-2-1
(IEC 60034-2-2:2024)
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 2-2: Méthodes Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 2-2: Besondere
spécifiques pour déterminer les pertes séparées des Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Einzelverluste großer
machines de grande taille à partir d'essais - Complément à elektrischer Maschinen aus Prüfungen - Ergänzung zu IEC
l'IEC 60034-2-1 60034-2-1
(IEC 60034-2-2:2024) (IEC 60034-2-2:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2024-04-16. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60034-2-2:2024 E

European foreword
The text of document 2/2157/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60034-2-2, prepared by IEC/TC 2 "Rotating
machinery" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2025-01-16
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2027-04-16
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60034-2-2:2010 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60034-2-2:2024 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60034-4-1:2018 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 60034-4-1:2018 (not modified)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60034-1 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: EN 60034-1 -
Rating and performance
IEC 60034-2-1 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-1: EN 60034-2-1 -
Standard methods for determining losses
and efficiency from tests (excluding
machines for traction vehicles)

IEC 60034-2-2 ®
Edition 2.0 2024-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –

Part 2-2: Specific methods for determining separate losses of large machines

from tests – Supplement to IEC 60034-2-1

Machines électriques tournantes –

Partie 2-2: Méthodes spécifiques pour déterminer les pertes séparées des

machines de grande taille à partir d'essais – Complément à l'IEC 60034-2-1

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.160.01  ISBN 978-2-8322-8171-0

– 2 – IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 7
4.1 Symbols . 7
4.2 Additional subscripts . 8
5 Basic requirements . 8
5.1 Direct and indirect efficiency determination . 8
5.1.1 General . 8
5.1.2 Direct . 8
5.1.3 Indirect . 8
5.2 Uncertainty . 9
6 Additional test methods for the determination of the efficiency of large machines . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.1.1 Overview . 9
6.1.2 Efficiency . 10
6.1.3 Total loss . 10
6.2 Method 2-2-A – Calibrated machine . 11
6.2.1 General . 11
6.2.2 Test procedure . 12
6.2.3 Direct efficiency determination . 12
6.2.4 Determination of separate losses . 13
6.3 Method 2-2-B – Retardation method. 13
6.3.1 General . 13
6.3.2 Test procedure . 15
6.3.3 Determination of deceleration and retardation constant . 17
6.3.4 Determination of separate losses . 19
6.4 Method 2-2-C – Calorimetric method . 20
6.4.1 General . 20
6.4.2 Calorimetric instrumentation . 22
6.4.3 Test procedure . 25
6.4.4 Determination of losses . 26
Annex A (informative) Summation of losses for permanent-magnet synchronous
machines . 30
A.1 General . 30
A.2 No-load test with magnetized rotor . 30
A.3 No-load test with unmagnetized rotor . 30
A.4 Iron losses . 31
A.5 Test with rotor removed . 31
A.6 Rated stator winding losses and additional load losses . 32
A.7 Total losses . 33
Bibliography . 34

Figure 1 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-2-A . 11
Figure 2 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-2-B . 14

IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024 – 3 –
Figure 3 – Method of the chord . 17
Figure 4 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-2-C . 21
Figure 5 – Reference surface . 22
Figure 6 – Four coolers connected in parallel, single calorimeter, single coolant . 23
Figure 7 – Series connected coolers, two coolants . 24
Figure 8 – Bypass piping . 24
Figure 9 – Parallel piping . 25
Figure 10 – Characteristics of pure water as a function of temperature . 27

Table 1 – Additional methods for large machines . 9

– 4 – IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 2-2: Specific methods for determining
separate losses of large machines from tests –
Supplement to IEC 60034-2-1
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60034-2-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2: Rotating machinery. It is an
International Standard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Layout and procedures aligned with IEC 60034-2-1 and IEC 60034-2-3.
b) Annex A added: an informative procedure for the summation of losses for large permanent-
magnet excited synchronous machines.

IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024 – 5 –
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
2/2157/FDIS 2/2178/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60034 series, published under the general title Rotating electrical
machines, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
– 6 – IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 2-2: Specific methods for determining
separate losses of large machines from tests –
Supplement to IEC 60034-2-1
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 applies to large rotating electrical machines and establishes additional
methods of determining separate losses and to define an efficiency supplementing
IEC 60034‑2‑1. These methods apply when full-load testing is not practical and results in a
greater uncertainty.
NOTE In situ testing according to the calorimetric method for full-load conditions is recognized.
The specific methods described are:
– Calibrated-machine method.
– Retardation method.
– Calorimetric method.
– Summation of losses for permanent magnet excited synchronous machines.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-2-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining
losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60034-1 and
IEC 60034-2-1 apply, as well as the following.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
calibrated machine
machine whose mechanical power input/output is determined, with low uncertainty, using
measured electrical output/input values according to a defined test procedure

IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024 – 7 –
3.2
calibrated-machine method
method in which the mechanical input/output to/from an electrical machine under test is
determined from the measurement of the electrical input/output of a calibrated machine
mechanically coupled to the test machine
3.3
retardation method
method in which the separate losses in a machine under test are deduced from the
measurements of the deceleration rate of its rotating components when only these losses are
present
3.4
calorimetric method
method in which the losses in a machine are deduced from the measurements of the heat
generated by them
3.5
thermal equilibrium
state reached when the temperature rises of the several parts of the machine do not vary by
more than rate of change 1 K per half hour
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-08]
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
A is an area, m ,
2 2
C is the retardation constant, kg m s ,
c is the specific heat capacity of the cooling medium, J/(kg K),
p
h is the coefficient of heat transfer, W/(m K),
J is the moment of inertia, kg m ,
–1
n is the operating speed, s ,
P is the input power, W,
P is the excitation power supplied by a separate source, W,
1E
P is the output power, W,
P is the I R armature-winding losses (interpole, compensation and series field winding
a
loss in case of DC machines), W,
P is the brush losses, W,
b
P is the constant losses, W,
c
P is the excitation circuit losses, W,
e
P is the exciter losses, W,
Ed
P is the electrical power, excluding excitation, W,
el
P is the excitation (field winding) losses, W,
f
P is the iron losses, W,
fe
is the friction and windage losses, W,
P
fw
P is the short-circuit losses, W,
sc
– 8 – IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024
P is the additional load losses, W,
LL
P is the mechanical power, W,
mech
P is the I R rotor winding losses, W,
r
P is the stator I R winding losses, W,
s
is the total losses, W,
P
T
Q is the volume rate of flow of the cooling medium, m /s,
t is the time, s,
v is the exit velocity of cooling medium, m/s,
Δp is the difference between the static pressure in the intake nozzle and ambient
pressure, N/m ,
Δθ is the temperature rise of the cooling medium, or the temperature difference between
the machine reference surface and the external ambient temperature, K,
δ is the per unit deviation of rotational speed from rated speed,
ρ is the density of the cooling medium, kg/m ,
θ is the temperature, °C.
4.2 Additional subscripts
c for the cooling circuit,
E for exciter,
ers for outside reference surface,
i for inner voltage,
irs for inside reference surface,
rs for the reference surface,
RR for test with rotor removed,
t test,
0 no-load,
1 input,
2 output.
5 Basic requirements
5.1 Direct and indirect efficiency determination
5.1.1 General
Tests can be grouped in the following categories.
5.1.2 Direct
Input-output measurements on a single machine are considered to be direct. This involves the
measurement of electrical or mechanical power into, and mechanical or electrical power out of
a machine.
5.1.3 Indirect
Measurements of the separate losses in a machine under a particular condition are considered
to be indirect. This is not usually the total loss but comprises certain loss components. The
method may, however, be used to calculate the total loss or to calculate a loss component.

IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024 – 9 –
The determination of total loss shall be carried out by one of the following methods:
– direct measurement of total losses;
– summation of separate losses.
NOTE The methods for determining the efficiency of machines are based on a number of assumptions. Therefore,
it is not possible to make a comparison between the values of efficiency obtained by different methods.
5.2 Uncertainty
Uncertainty as used in this document is the uncertainty of determining a true efficiency. It
reflects variations in the test procedure and the test equipment.
Although uncertainty should be expressed as a numerical value, such a requirement needs
sufficient testing to determine representative and comparative values.
6 Additional test methods for the determination of the efficiency of large
machines
6.1 General
6.1.1 Overview
For the determination of performance when machine load and/or size exceed test capabilities
(described in IEC 60034-2-1), the following test methods may be used. See Table 1.
Table 1 – Additional methods for large machines
Reference Method Description Subclause Application Required facility
2-2-A Calibrated Loss 6.2 All types of Calibrated
machine measurement via machines machine
calibrated
machine
2-2-B Retardation Loss 6.3 Applicable for
method measurement by factory and on-site
retardation measurements
2-2-C Calorimetric Loss 6.4 Applicable for
method measurement in factory and on-site
the primary and measurements
secondary coolant
NOTE These methods are generally applicable to large machines where the facility cost for other methods is not
economical.
Losses relative to machine load (with lowest uncertainty) are best determined from actual
measurements. For example: measurements of current, resistance, etc., under full-load
operation.
When this is not possible, these values shall be obtained from calculation of the parameters
during the design stage.
Determination of losses not itemized in this part may be found in IEC 60034-2-1.

– 10 – IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024
6.1.2 Efficiency
Efficiency is:
PP+ − P P
1 1E T 2
η
PP++P P
1 1E 2 T
where
P is the input power excluding excitation power from a separate source;
P is the output power;
P is the excitation power supplied by a separate source;
1E
P is the total loss.
T
NOTE 1 Input power P and output power P are as follows:
1 2
in motor operation: P = P ; P = P ;
1 el 2 mech
= P ; P = P .
in generator operation: P
1 mech 2 el
NOTE 2 P includes the excitation circuit losses P of the machine where applicable.
T e
6.1.3 Total loss
When the total loss is determined as the sum of the separate losses the following formulae
apply:
For direct current machines:
P = P + P + P + P + P
T c a b LL e
P = P + P
e f Ed
P = P + P
c fw fe
For induction machines:
P = P + P + P + P
T c s r LL
P = P + P
c fw fe
For synchronous machines:
P = P + P + P + P
T c s LL e
P = P + P + P
e f Ed b
P = P + P
c fw fe
==
IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024 – 11 –
6.2 Method 2-2-A – Calibrated machine
6.2.1 General
The calibrated machine method may be used to determine the test machine efficiency either
directly or by separate losses.
For an overview, Figure 1 provides a flowchart for efficiency determination by this test method.

Figure 1 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-2-A
This method is generally applied as a factory test.
The tested machine shall be equipped with winding ETDs.
The tested machine shall be completely assembled with essential components as for normal
operation.
This method requires a calibrated machine mechanically coupled to the machine under test and
is used when a torque meter is not available. The mechanical input of the tested machine is
calculated from the electrical input of the calibrated machine.
When a gear-box is directly connected to the machine it shall be considered as part of the
calibrated machine.
Calibrate an electric machine, preferably a direct-current machine, according to one of the
procedures in IEC 60034-2-1 at a sufficient number of thermally stable loads (including no-load)
to determine an accurate relationship of output power as a function of input power adjusted for
the temperature of the cooling air/medium at inlet. This is generally developed in the form of a
curve.
It is generally advisable to take several readings of all instruments at each load-point during
short periods of time and average the results to obtain a more accurate test value.

– 12 – IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024
6.2.2 Test procedure
Before starting the test, record the winding resistances and the ambient temperature.
The machine for which the performance is to be determined shall be mechanically coupled to
the calibrated machine and be operated at a speed equivalent to its synchronous/rated speed.
Operate the calibrated machine with the test machine at either rated-load, partial-load; no-load
not excited, with or without brushes; no-load excited at rated voltage; or short-circuited, which
enables specific categories of losses to be determined.
When the test machine is operated at each specified test condition and has reached thermal
stability, record:
– for the calibrated machine
P = input power
U = input voltage
I = current
θ = temperature of inlet cooling air
1c
θ = winding temperature (by variation of resistance if possible)
1w
n = speed
– for the test machine (direct determination as a generator)
P = output power
U = output voltage or armature voltage (when excited open-circuit)
I = armature load current
θ = windings temperature (either directly by ETDs or by resistance variation)
2w
n = speed.
Upon completion of each test, stop the machines and record in the given order:
– test machine winding resistance;
– calibrated machine winding resistance.
NOTE The example represents testing with a motor as the calibrated machine.
Finally operate the calibrated machine without electrical connection to the test machine and
record as specified above.
From the curve developed in 6.2.1 and using the calibrated machine input values, select the
appropriate output power to the test machine.
Adjust the output power for the standardized coolant temperature.
Determination of excitation power shall be in accordance with IEC 60034-2-1.
6.2.3 Direct efficiency determination
When the test machine is operated with rated conditions, the test machine efficiency is:
P
η= test machine working as a generator, calibrated machine working as a motor
P
IEC 60034-2-2:2024 © IEC 2024 – 13 –
where
P is the output power of test generator;
P is the calculated input power to the test generator;
and:
P
η= test machine working as a motor, calibrated machine working as a generator
P
where
P is the input power to test motor;
P is the calculated output power from the test motor.
6.2.4 Determination of separate losses
Using values of P determined from the calibrated machine curve, it is possible to determine the
power dissipated by the test machine for other selected conditions that may be used to
determine efficiency according to 6.1.2.
a) Friction and windage losses at rated speed (when the test machine is not electrically
connected);
b) Active iron losses, and
...