SIST-TS CEN/TS 16637-1:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2019
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 16637-1:2014
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Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Part 1:
Guidance for the determination of leaching tests and additional testing steps
Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen Stoffen - Teil 1: Leitfaden für
die Festlegung von Auslaugprüfungen und zusätzlichen Prüfschritten
Produits de construction - Evaluation de l'émission de substances dangereuses - Partie
1 : Guide pour la spécification des essais de lixiviation et des étapes supplémentaires
d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16637-1:2018
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
91.100.01 Gradbeni materiali na Construction materials in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TS 16637-1
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
October 2018
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 19.040; 13.040.20; 91.100.01
English Version
Construction products - Assessment of release of
dangerous substances - Part 1: Guidance for the
determination of leaching tests and additional testing
steps
Produits de construction - Evaluation de l'émission de Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von
substances dangereuses - Partie 1 : Guide pour la gefährlichen Stoffen - Teil 1: Leitfaden für die
spécification des essais de lixiviation et des étapes Festlegung von Auslaugprüfungen und zusätzlichen
supplémentaires d'essai Prüfschritten
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 13 May 2018 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16637-1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
3.1 Sampling and products . 7
3.2 Release and laboratory testing . 10
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 14
5 Determination of the appropriate release test method . 14
5.1 Principles and general review of the test methods . 14
5.2 Product properties and test conditions for the determination of the relevant test
method . 15
5.3 Determination of the appropriate test method . 17
6 Adoption of modules for the product specific leaching standard . 18
6.1 Overview of the modules . 18
6.2 Product sampling and transport to the laboratory . 21
6.2.1 Introduction on sampling. 21
6.2.2 Objective of sampling . 21
6.2.3 Preparation of a sampling plan and sampling strategy . 21
6.2.4 Information from the testing laboratory needed to complement the product
sampling plan . 24
6.2.5 Packaging and transport of laboratory sample. 24
6.2.6 Sample description and marking of laboratory sample and sampling report . 25
6.2.7 Chain of custody report . 25
6.2.8 Dispatch of product samples, time schedule . 25
6.2.9 Report on sampling . 26
6.3 Preparation of the laboratory sample . 26
6.4 Collection of eluates . 26
6.4.1 Dynamic surface leaching test . 26
6.4.2 Up-flow percolation test . 27
7 Indirect methods . 27
7.1 Definition . 27
7.2 Requirements for indirect methods . 28
7.3 Examples of indirect methods . 28
Annex A (informative) Release scenarios and impact assessment . 29
A.1 Release scenarios and test determination . 29
A.2 Impact assessment and impact evaluation . 30
A.2.1 Source-pathway-target approach for impact assessment . 30
A.2.2 How to use “intended use” and “intended conditions of use” . 31
A.2.3 Impact evaluation . 31
A.3 Responsibilities . 32
Annex B (informative) Different types of leaching tests. 33
B.1 General . 33
B.2 Reference tests and indirect test . 33
B.3 Leaching tests for products exposed to carbonation and oxidation . 33
Annex C (informative) Key concepts for product sampling. 35
C.1 Representativeness . 35
C.2 Uncertainty . 36
C.3 Sampling under various stages of production control . 37
C.4 Objective of sampling . 37
C.5 Preparation of a sampling plan . 38
C.6 Considerations on sampling strategy . 40
C.6.1 General . 40
C.6.2 Sampling approach . 40
C.6.3 Population and sub-population . 41
C.6.4 Scale . 41
C.6.5 Size of increments and samples . 45
C.6.6 Sampling of complex, composite and large products . 45
C.6.7 Sampling location and moment . 45
Annex D (informative) Example of a chain of custody report . 47
Annex E (informative) Example of a sampling report . 48
Annex F (informative) Metallic products . 49
Bibliography . 50

European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16637-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 351
“Construction Products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances”, the secretariat of which is
held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 16637-1:2014.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This Technical Specification deals with the determination and use of test methods for leaching of
construction products taking specific situations into account. It specifies preconditions under which
leaching tests for monolithic products and for granular products need to be selected.
Background information on characterization of leaching behaviour of construction products can be
found in Technical Reports provided by CEN/TC 351 (i.e. CEN/TR 16098 [1], and CEN/TR 16496 [2]).]
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This informative introduction describes the interactions and interrelations between the release tests
developed to assess the release of regulated dangerous substances (RDS) from construction products
into soil, surface water and groundwater in the framework of Mandate M/366. The horizontal test
methods developed under the Mandate M/366 are intended to be used to show compliance with
notified regulations. The tests cover the release of substances from construction products and in
particular, those that are regulated in notified regulations in one or more EU Member States.
CEN/TS 16637-1 specifies how the CEN Technical Product Committees and EOTA experts should
determine the appropriate leaching test for the determination of the release of RDS from a construction
product into soil, surface water and groundwater.
CEN/TS 16637-2 describes a horizontal test to assess surface dependent release from monolithic, plate-
like or sheet-like construction products while CEN/TS 16637-3 describes a horizontal test to assess
release from granular construction products. The test methods can be used for both steps in the
hierarchy (type testing (TT) and factory production control (FPC)) and are supposed to be used as the
reference test for the intended uses and conditions specified in CEN/TS 16637-1. In this hierarchy of
testing conditionally “indirect tests” can be used, but are not specified.
The release of substances upon contact with water results in a potential risk to the environment during
the intended use of construction products. The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching behaviour
of construction products and thereby allow assessments of the release of RDS from such products to
soil, surface water and groundwater under intended conditions of use in relation to CE marking and
assessment and verification of constancy of performance.
Technical Product Committees are expected to apply the test standards developed in CEN/TC 351 for
their products in order to test the potential release of RDS to soil, surface water and groundwater.
FprCEN/TS 16637-1 is intended to provide clear procedures to determine which test method is
appropriate for a given product. CEN Technical Product Committees are referred to the informative
Annex A and Annex B of this document and to CEN/TR 16098 [1], for background information on the
following aspects:
a) description of the intended conditions of use of the construction product (e. g. above ground
exposed to the precipitation, or shielded from direct infiltration, in surface or groundwater) with
respect to the release of RDS into soil, surface water and groundwater;
b) identification of main release mechanisms.
This document does not address impact assessment. However, since the test methods described in the
document may be used in the context of impact assessments and regulation based on impact
assessments, some guidance on this issue is provided in Annex A (informative).
In addition to existing validation results, in 2011 CEN/TC 351 began an extensive research program on
robustness validation of the existing tank leaching and percolation tests [3]. This was carried out by a
consortium of European experts on 20 construction products to unify differences from the protocols of
the different CEN Members and to check the influence of testing conditions on the test result (e. g.
temperature, flow rate, renewal scheme). The results of the research program confirmed the robustness
of the horizontal tests known from former works. Conclusions from the program have been
implemented into the Technical Specifications for the test methods. However, the performance of the
leaching test regarding repeatability and reproducibility is dependent on the tested construction
product and on the testing conditions. When these Technical Specifications of the horizontal leaching
tests are adopted by CEN, the leaching tests referred to in these Technical Specifications will not yet be
fully validated. No data will be available on repeatability and reproducibility for the range of
construction products. For other, sometimes comparable matrices performance data are available from
national as well as EU validation studies.
1 Scope
(1) This document allows the identification of the appropriate leaching test method for the
determination of the release of RDS from construction products into soil, surface water and
groundwater. This document provides a stepwise procedure for the determination of appropriate
release tests, including:
a) determination of the test method based on general product properties;
b) choice of the test method using specific product properties.
(2) Furthermore, this Technical Specification gives general guidance for CEN Technical Product
Committees and EOTA WGs on basic aspects (sampling, sample preparation and storage, eluate
treatment, analysis of eluates and documentation) to be specified in the relevant product standards or
ETAs.
(3) Metallic products and coatings on metallic products are not considered in the determination scheme
of this Technical Specification since the test methods in CEN/TS 16637-2 (tank test) and
CEN/TS 16637-3 (column test) are not appropriate for the testing of these construction products due to
a different release mechanism (solubility control).
NOTE See Annex F.
(4) It is assumed that intermittent contact with water (e. g. exposure to rainwater) is tested — by
convention — as permanent contact. For some coatings, (e. g. some renders with organic binders
according to EN 15824 [4]) in intermittent contact to water, physical and chemical properties might be
altered in permanent contact with water. These products are not considered in the determination
scheme of this Technical Specification since the test method in CEN/TS 16637-2 is not appropriate for
the testing of these construction products (in this case EN 16105 [5] might be an alternative method).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TS 16637-2:2014, Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Part 2:
Horizontal dynamic surface leaching test
CEN/TS 16637-3:2016, Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Part 3:
Horizontal up-flow percolation test
EN 16687, Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16687 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Sampling and products
3.1.1
compacted granular product
granular product with a low permeability, due to very small pores between the particles
Note 1 to entry: Compacted granular products are usually tested by a test method for granular construction
products with low hydraulic conductivity, because the percolation test is not applicable due to the low
permeability of the products.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 2.2.2]
3.1.2
composite sample
average sample
aggregated sample
sample that consists of two or more increments, put together in appropriate portions, from which the
mean value of a desired characteristic may be obtained
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.1.1]
3.1.3
curing
hardening of freshly prepared mixtures under well-defined conditions (time, temperature, humidity,
etc.) specified in harmonised product standards
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.2.6]
3.1.4
curing time
(minimal) time defined as necessary for curing before a release/emission test can be executed to obtain
relevant test results
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.2.7]
3.1.5
granular product
product composed of solid particles with a particle size smaller than a specified size or grading
Note 1 to entry: Granular products are usually tested by a percolation test.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 2.2.1]
3.1.6
increment
individual portion of product collected by a single operation of a sampling device which will not be
tested as a single entity, but will be mixed with other increments in a composite sample
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.1.2]
3.1.7
laboratory sample
sample or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory
Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared by subdividing, cutting, sawing, coring, mixing,
drying, grinding, and curing or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no
preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is
removed from the test sample for the performance of the test/analysis or for the preparation of a test specimen.
Note 2 to entry: The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is
the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.2.1]
3.1.8
monolithic granular product
granular product with specific requirements on the grain size distribution to be tested in the dynamic
surface leaching test (DSLT)
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 2.2.3]
3.1.9
monolithic product
product which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and mechanical properties that ensure its
integrity over a certain period of time in the intended conditions of use
Note 1 to entry: Monolithic products are usually tested by a dynamic surface leaching test.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 2.2.4]
3.1.10
plate-like product
product formed as a semi-rigid or rigid plate, which has certain minimum dimensions and physical and
mechanical properties that ensure its integrity over a certain period of time in the intended conditions
of use
Note 1 to entry: Plate-like products are usually tested by a dynamic surface leaching test.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 2.2.5]
3.1.11
population
totality of items under consideration
Note 1 to entry: See also the term “sub-population”.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.1.3]
3.1.12
sample
portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material
Note 1 to entry: The manner of selection of the sample should be described in a sampling plan.
Note 2 to entry: The term “sample” is often accompanied by a prefix (e. g. laboratory sample, test sample)
specifying the type of sample and/or the specific step in the sampling process to which the obtained material
relates.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.1.5]
3.1.13
sampling plan
predetermined procedure for the selection, withdrawal, on-site pre-treatment, preservation and
transportation of samples to be removed from a population
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.1.6]
3.1.14
scale
minimum quantity (mass or volume) of the product for which test results are obtained
Note 1 to entry: Information on characteristics of the product, including emission and variations therein, for a
quantity of product smaller than the defined scale, is judged to be unimportant.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.1.7]
3.1.15
sheet-like product
product formed as a flexible or semi-flexible sheet, which has certain minimum dimensions and
physical and mechanical properties that ensure its integrity over a certain period of time in the
intended conditions of use
Note 1 to entry: Sheet-like products are usually tested by the dynamic surface leaching test.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 2.2.6]
3.1.16
sub-population
defined part of the population that is targeted for the purposes of sampling
Note 1 to entry: See also the term “population”.
EXAMPLE Consider a continuous production process that results in a specific product. The population for
that product is all the individual products produced between the moment the production process started (this
may be years ago) and the moment the production process ends (this may be years ahead). From the perspective
of testing, this definition does not provide a practical concept. Products produced in the past are no longer
available for testing, while products that might be produced in the (far) future are also not available. The term
sub-population provides a workable alternative, as the ‘start’ and ’end’ of the sub-population can be defined in a
practical way. For the same product, already in production for a number of years, the sub-population might be the
production for a year, the production for a month, or another definition that is practical.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.1.8]
3.1.17
test portion
analytical portion
amount of the test sample taken directly for testing/analysis purposes, usually of known weight or
volume
EXAMPLE A bag of aggregates is delivered to the laboratory (the laboratory sample). For test purposes a
certain amount of the aggregate is dried, the result is the test sample. Afterwards the column for a percolation test
is filled with a test portion of dried aggregate.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.2.3]
3.1.18
test sample
sample, prepared from the laboratory sample from which test portions are removed for testing or for
analysis
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.2.2]
3.1.19
test specimen
test portion specially prepared for emission/release/radiation testing in a test facility in order to
simulate the emission/release/radiation behaviour of the product under intended conditions of use
EXAMPLE Cement is used in construction as a constituent of concrete. For testing purposes, a test specimen
of concrete is prepared for the release test, using cement and adding additional constituents (like aggregates) with
a well-known leaching behaviour.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.2.4]
3.2 Release and laboratory testing
3.2.1
test method for granular construction products with low hydraulic conductivity
GLHC
release test method in which a granular construction product with low hydraulic conductivity is
exposed with one defined surface to a leachant renewed at subsequent time intervals
Note 1 to entry: See also the term “tank leaching test”.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.3]
3.2.2
digestion
mineralization of the organic matter of a sample and dissolution of its mineral part (as completely as
possible) when reacted with a reagent mixture
Note 1 to entry: Usually done with strong, concentrated acids like aqua regia or nitric acid to dissolve inorganic
substances for chemical analysis.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.2.9]
3.2.3
dynamic surface leaching test DSLT
release test method in which a monolithic, sheet-like or plate-like product is immersed in a leachant
renewed at determined time intervals
Note 1 to entry: See also the term ”tank leaching test”.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.2]
3.2.4
eluate
solution obtained from a leaching test
Note 1 to entry: See also the term ”leachant”.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.7]
3.2.5
leachant
liquid that is brought into contact with the test portion in the leaching procedure
Note 1 to entry: Usually demineralized water is used as leachant for laboratory leaching tests.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.6]
3.2.6
extraction
dissolution of substances in a solvent for subsequent chemical analysis
Note 1 to entry: Usually done with an organic solvent to extract organic substances for chemical analysis or for
special analysis of inorganic substances.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 3.2.11]
3.2.7
impact assessment
general term for the entire process of assessing the concentrations of regulated dangerous substances
or parameters, at the point of compliance based on the leaching test results, the source term, (or, where
applicable, the façade emission function) and the modelling of environmental transport taking into
account the intended conditions of use
Note 1 to entry: The final step after the impact assessment is the comparison of the predicted environmental
concentrations with the environmental limit values at the point(s) of compliance, see “impact evaluation”.
Note 2 to entry: Impact assessment is not part of the standardization work in CEN/TC 351. The regulator is
responsible for the definition of relevant intended conditions of use, modelling of the environmental transport, the
point of compliance and the limit values at the point of compliance.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.21]
3.2.8
impact evaluation
assessment of immissions
comparison of (predicted) environmental concentrations of substances/parameters with regulatory
limit values (or other assessment criteria) in soil, surface water or groundwater at a point of
compliance as a result of release from construction products
Note 1 to entry: Such predictions are based on the results of release tests which are translated to intended
conditions of use by modelling the source term and the environmental transport.
Note 2 to entry: The translation of test results to environmental concentrations is not part of standardisation
work in CEN/TC 351.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.20]
3.2.9
intended use
intended use of the construction product as defined in the applicable harmonised Technical
Specification
3.2.10
intended conditions of use
conditions that a product may undergo during service life and that influence its release/emission
behaviour
Note 1 to entry: These conditions are expressed in parameters such as temperature, amount of water during
exposure, wetting/drying; intended conditions of use may vary for instance as a function of time, location,
orientation, geographical location, etc. For simplification, intended conditions of use are transferred into release
scenarios for test purposes.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.1.16]
3.2.11
leaching behaviour
release and change with time in release from a solid product in contact with a leachant as a function of
major release controlling factors
Note 1 to entry: Such factors are diffusion, pH, L/S-ratio or time.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.9]
3.2.12
modelling of environmental transport
modelling of environmental path
transport term
modelling of immissions
theoretical estimation of the transport of substances in the environment under specific intended
conditions of use based on test results or the source term for release of these substances
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.22]
3.2.13
percolation test
PT
column test
release test method to determine the release of substances from a granular construction product
packed in a column with a leachant percolating through it
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.4]
3.2.14
point of compliance
POC
point in an environmental medium where substance concentrations/parameters should comply with
regulatory limit values for soil, groundwater and/or surface water at a certain distance from the source
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.25]
3.2.15
regulated dangerous substances
RDS
in the context of the CPR dangerous/hazardous substances, ions and radioactive substances that may
present a danger for man or the environment during normal use of construction products when
installed in works and for which at least one European Member State has notified a law, regulation or
administrative provision or the European Union has a Community provision
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 2.1.6]
3.2.16
release
emission
liberation of chemical substances (e. g. non-volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, salts)
from a construction product into soil, surface water or groundwater or into the leachant of a test facility
Note 1 to entry: Release to soil, surface water and groundwater may be expressed in terms of area related
release (tank leaching test, e. g. mg/m ) or in terms of mass related release (percolation test, e.g. mg/kg).
Note 2 to entry: The terms “emission” and “release” have fundamentally the same meaning. However it is often
a tradition to use the term “emission” when describing liberation of chemical substances or radiation into air and
to use the term “release” when describing the liberation of chemical substances into soil or water.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.15]
3.2.17
release mechanism
physico-chemical processes that control the release of substances from a solid construction product
into a leachant
Note 1 to entry: In the case of monolithic products, the main release mechanisms for substances are diffusion of
substances, dissolution of substances, initial surface wash-off of substances and/or dissolution of the matrix. In
case of granular products the main release mechanisms are washout and solubility. Additional factors like pH or
DOC also have an influence on the mechanism of the release.
Note 2 to entry: Under appropriate conditions the release mechanism of every substance can be determined
using the results of the release test (tank leaching test, percolation test). Determination of the release mechanism
is relevant for modelling of the source term and so for determination of the effects on soil and water over a time
period.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.17]
3.2.18
release scenario (related to test method)
emission scenario (related to test method)
model description of the release from construction products into their immediate soil and
water environments and of the chemical, physical and geometrical parameters that influence this
release and which forms the basis for defining the test methods as a function of the products and its
intended use
Note 1 to entry: For soil, groundwater and surface water, three release scenarios have been defined for
impermeable, low permeable and permeable construction products. Release scenario should not be confused with
modelling of environmental transport.
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.19]
3.2.19
source term
calculated, long term release or release function of a substance from a product related to intended
conditions of use, which is used for modelling of environmental transport
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.23]
3.2.20
tank leaching test
tank test
leaching test where a test portion/test specimen is immersed in a leachant and the leachant is renewed
at determined time intervals
Note 1 to entry: Currently CEN/TC 351 has developed two versions of the tank leaching test: the dynamic
surface leaching test (DSLT) and the test method for granular construction products with low hydraulic
conductivity (GLHC).
[SOURCE: EN 16687:2015, 4.2.1]
3.2.21
testing laboratory
laboratory which measures, examines, tests, calibrates or otherwise determines the characteristics or
performance of materials or construction products
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.
DSLT Dynamic Surface Leaching Test
EOTA European Organisation for Technical Assessment
ETA European Technical Assessment
FPC Factory Production Control
GLHC Test method for Granular products with Low Hydraulic Conductivity
hEN Harmonised European Standard
PTD Product Type Determination
PT Percolation Test
RDS Regulated Dangerous Substances
TT Type Testing
5 Determination of the appropriate release test method
5.1 Principles and general review of the test methods
(1) The user of this Technical Specification shall determine the appropriate test methods for the
respective product(s) in applying the stepwise procedure given in this Technical Specification.
Furthermore the CEN Product Technical Committees or the EOTA WGs shall determine the appropriate
test methods for the respective product(s) in close cooperation with CEN/TC 351 applying the stepwise
procedure given in this Technical Specification.
(2) To determine the release of RDS from construction products into soil, surface water and
groundwater generally two different test set-ups are applicable:
a) The dynamic surface leaching test (DSLT) according to CEN/TS 16637-2
CEN/TS 16637-2 specifies a method to determine as a function of time the release of substances from a
monolithic, plate-like or sheet-like product or from granular construction products with low hydraulic
conductivity into a leachant in contact with its surface. A test portion of the product is placed in a
reactor/leaching vessel and the exposed surface is completely submerged in a leachant. The leachant is
introduced in the reactor up to a given volume of liquid to surface area ratio (L/A ratio), at a given
temperature. The concentration of the relevant RDS is analysed in the individual fractions of the eluate.
b) The percolation test (PT) according to CEN/TS 16637-3
Typically granular construction products are subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid
to solid ratio (L/S ratio) under specified percolation conditions. The construction products are leached
under hydraulically dynamic conditions. The eluates are collected in different fractions and the
concentrations of the relevant RDS are analysed in the individual fractions. The method is a once-
through column leaching test and the test results establish the distinction between different release
patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the influence of interaction with the matrix, when
approaching local equilibrium between construction product and leachant (for inorganic substances).
(3) The point of departure for test determination is that the test method reflects the presumed
dominant release mechanism in practice. The basic distinction is made on whether the construction
product in its intended use is expected to show release mainly through diffusion or percolation. The
determination scheme (Figure 1) is set up in such a way that it will be possible to test a given product
“as it is produced”. To ensure that the test takes into account the appropriate substance release
mechanism, the choice to test a product “as it is produced” may require the use of specific test
conditions and product properties.
(4) The dominant release mechanism in practice is linked to general product properties allowing the
choice of the appropriate test method. The product properties are easy to determine characteristics
such as composition, shape, size and durability/stability of the construction product, as it appears
during intended use. These general properties of a product lead to one of two “release scenarios” as
explained in the informative Annex A. The release scenario is a description of the dominant release
mechanisms expected in practice for a certain product category with the same general properties. Each
release scenario is associated with one test method:
c) Release scenario I (impermeable or low permeable “monolithic”, “sheet-like” or “plate-like” non-
metallic products; mainly diffusion controlled release): Dynamic surface leaching test according to
CEN/TS 16637-2 (standard procedure or method for granular construction products with low
hydraulic conductivity according to Annex A of CEN/TS 16637-2:2014 for a few products with
specific properties);
d) Release scenario II (permeable “granular” products; release mainly controlled by equilibrium-like
conditions and percolation): Percolation test according to CEN/TS 16637-3.
5.2 Product properties and test conditions for the determination of the relevant test
method
(1) Monolithic products:
a) Monolithic products to be tested according to CEN/TS 16637-2 are:
3 3
1) products with all dimensions > 40 mm or a volume > 64 000 mm (64 cm );
2 2
2) flat products (sheet-like, plate-like) with an area > 10 000 mm (100 cm) and one
dimension < 40 mm (4 cm);
3) monolithic granular products fulfilling the requirements of Table 1. Armourstone for coastal
protection may be tested according to CEN/TS 16637-3. The dimensions of the test pieces shall
be in line with paragraph 1), i).
Table 1 — Requirements on monolithic granular products
Sieve size Percentage passing by
mass
63 mm ≤ 100
40 mm ≤ 75
22,4 mm ≤ 7
b) For tiles that are produced in smaller entities that do not fulfil the size requirements for testing as a
monolithic or plate-like product but are intended to be used as larger, combined entities that do
fulfil the criteria, the test can be carried out on larger samples prepared from the smaller entities in
accordance with intended use.
c) Examples of construction products (impermeable products or products of low permeability) to be
tested according to CEN/TS 16637-2 are:
1) facade (e.g. bricks, concrete, wood panels, glazings, coatings);
2) roof (e.g. flexible roofing covers);
3) pavement (e.g. concrete, paving stone, asphalt cover, concrete slabs);
4) foundation (e.g. concrete, blocks);
5) coastal protection (e.g. armourstone or large concrete blocks withstanding wave action);
6) railway ballast;
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