SIST EN 62281:2013

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 62281:2013
01-junij-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 62281:2004
9DUQRVWSULPDUQLKLQVHNXQGDUQLKOLWLMHYLKþOHQRYLQEDWHULMPHGWUDQVSRUWRP
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sicherheit von Primär- und Sekundär-Lithiumbatterien beim Transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62281:2013
ICS:
29.220.10 3ULPDUQLþOHQLLQEDWHULMH Primary cells and batteries
SIST EN 62281:2013 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 62281:2013

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SIST EN 62281:2013

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 62281

NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2013
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

ICS 29.220.10 Supersedes EN 62281:2004


English version


Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries
during transport
(IEC 62281:2012)


Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs Sicherheit von Primär- und Sekundär-
au lithium pendant le transport Lithiumbatterien beim Transport
(CEI 62281:2012) (IEC 62281:2012)





This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-01-09. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels


© 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62281:2013 E

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SIST EN 62281:2013
EN 62281:2013 - 2 -

Foreword
The text of document 35/1303/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 62281, prepared by IEC TC 35 "Primary cells
and batteries" and SC 21A, "Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes", of IEC TC 21, "Secondary cells and batteries" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62281:2013.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has (dop) 2013-10-09
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2016-01-09
standards conflicting with the

document have to be withdrawn

This document supersedes EN 62281:2004.
EN 62281:2013 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 62281:2004:
a) distinction between small and large cell or battery by gross mass rather than by lithium content or Watt-
hour rating (“nominal” energy);
b) combination of the no mass loss (NM) and no leakage (NL) criteria into one criteria (NL);
c) extension of an acceptable mass loss of 0,2 % from 5 g to 75 g mass of a cell or battery;
d) reduction of large batteries to be tested under tests T-1 to T-5 and T-8 from 4 to 2 samples;
e) reduction of test samples required for small battery assemblies (5.2.2);
f) reduction of the vibration amplitude to 2 g for large batteries in T-3 vibration test method;
g) replacement of the impact test by the crush test for prismatic, pouch, button, and coin cells as well as
cylindrical cells with no more than 20 mm in diameter.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62281:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60086-4 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60086-4.
IEC 60068-2-6 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60068-2-6.
IEC 60068-2-27 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60068-2-27.

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Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 61960 - Secondary cells and batteries containing EN 61960 -
alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes -
Secondary lithium cells and batteries for
portable applications


IEC 62133 - Secondary cells and batteries containing EN 62133 -
alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety
requirements for portable sealed secondary
cells, and for batteries made from them, for
use in portable applications


IEC 62660-1 - Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion EN 62660-1 -
of electric road vehicles -
Part 1: Performance testing

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SIST EN 62281:2013

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SIST EN 62281:2013




IEC 62281

®


Edition 2.0 2012-12




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD








colour

inside










Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport




























INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION

PRICE CODE
T


ICS 29.220.10 ISBN 978-2-83220-489-4



  Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.


® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

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SIST EN 62281:2013
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Requirements for safety. 10
4.1 General considerations . 10
4.2 Quality plan . 11
4.3 Packaging . 11
5 Type testing, sampling and re-testing . 11
5.1 Type testing . 11
5.2 Battery assemblies . 12
5.2.1 Secondary batteries for use in battery assemblies . 12
5.2.2 Small battery assemblies . 12
5.2.3 Large battery assemblies . 12
5.3 Sampling . 12
5.4 Re-testing . 13
6 Test methods and requirements. 13
6.1 General . 13
6.1.1 Safety notice . 13
6.1.2 Ambient temperature . 14
6.1.3 Parameter measurement tolerances . 14
6.1.4 Pre-discharge and pre-cycling . 14
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 14
6.2.1 Shifting . 14
6.2.2 Distortion . 14
6.2.3 Short-circuit . 14
6.2.4 Excessive temperature rise . 14
6.2.5 Leakage . 14
6.2.6 Venting . 15
6.2.7 Fire. 15
6.2.8 Rupture . 15
6.2.9 Explosion. 15
6.3 Tests and requirements – Overview . 15
6.4 Transport tests . 16
6.4.1 Test T-1: Altitude . 16
6.4.2 Test T-2: Thermal cycling . 16
6.4.3 Test T-3: Vibration . 17
6.4.4 Test T-4: Shock . 17
6.4.5 Test T-5: External short-circuit. 18
6.4.6 Test T-6: Impact/crush . 18
6.5 Misuse tests . 20
6.5.1 Test T-7: Overcharge. 20
6.5.2 Test T-8: Forced discharge . 20
6.6 Packaging test . 20
Test P-1: Drop test . 20

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62281 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
6.7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 21
6.8 Evaluation and report . 21
7 Information for safety . 22
7.1 Packaging . 22
7.2 Handling of battery cartons . 22
7.3 Transport . 22
7.3.1 General . 22
7.3.2 Air transport . 22
7.3.3 Sea transport . 22
7.3.4 Land transport . 22
7.3.5 Classification . 22
7.4 Display and storage . 22
8 Instructions for packaging and handling during transport – Quarantine . 23
9 Marking . 23
9.1 Marking of primary and secondary (rechargeable) cells and batteries . 23
9.2 Marking of the packaging and shipping documents . 23
Bibliography . 25

Figure 1 – Example of a test set-up for the impact test. 19
Figure 2 – Example for the marking of packages with primary or secondary
(rechargeable) lithium cells or batteries . 24

Table 1 – Number of primary test cells and batteries for type testing . 12
Table 2 – Number of secondary test cells and batteries for type testing . 13
Table 3 – Number of packages with primary or secondary test cells and batteries. 13
Table 4 – Mass loss limits . 15
Table 5 – Transport and packaging tests and requirements . 16
Table 6 – Vibration profile (sinusoidal) . 17
Table 7 – Shock parameters . 18

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SIST EN 62281:2013
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62281 has been prepared jointly by IEC technical committee 35:
Primary cells and batteries and by subcommittee 21A: Secondary cells and batteries
containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes, of IEC technical committee 21: Secondary
cells and batteries.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2004, and constitutes
a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) distinction between small and large cell or battery by gross mass rather than by lithium
content or Watt-hour rating (“nominal” energy);
b) combination of the no mass loss (NM) and no leakage (NL) criteria into one criteria (NL);
c) extension of an acceptable mass loss of 0,2 % from 5 g to 75 g mass of a cell or battery;
d) reduction of large batteries to be tested under tests T-1 to T-5 and T-8 from 4 to 2
samples;

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SIST EN 62281:2013
62281 © IEC:2012(E) – 5 –
e) reduction of test samples required for small battery assemblies (5.2.2);
f) reduction of the vibration amplitude to 2 g for large batteries in T-3 vibration test method;
g) replacement of the impact test by the crush test for prismatic, pouch, button, and coin
cells as well as cylindrical cells with no more than 20 mm in diameter.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
35/1303/FDIS 35/1307/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.

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SIST EN 62281:2013
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INTRODUCTION
Primary lithium cells and batteries were first introduced in military applications in the 1970s.
At that time, little commercial interest and no industrial standards existed. Consequently, the
United Nations (UN) Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, although
usually referring to industrial standards for testing and criteria, introduced a sub-section in the
Manual of tests and criteria concerning safety tests relevant to transport of primary lithium
cells and batteries. Meanwhile, commercial interest in primary and secondary (rechargeable)
lithium cells and batteries has grown and several industrial standards exist. However, the
existing IEC standards are manifold, not completely harmonized, and not necessarily relevant
to transport. They are not suitable to be used as a source of reference in the UN Model
Regulations. Therefore this group safety standard has been prepared to harmonize the tests
and requirements relevant to transport.
This International Standard applies to primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and
batteries containing lithium in any chemical form: lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium-ion.
Lithium-metal and lithium alloy primary electrochemical systems use metallic lithium and
lithium alloy, respectively, as the negative electrode. Lithium-ion secondary electrochemical
systems use intercalation compounds (intercalated lithium exists in an ionic or quasi-atomic
form within the lattice of the electrode material) in the positive and in the negative electrodes.
This International Standard also applies to lithium polymer cells and batteries, which are
considered either as primary lithium-metal cells and batteries or as secondary lithium-ion cells
and batteries, depending on the nature of the material used in the negative electrode.
The history of transporting primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries is worth noting.
Since the 1970s, over ten billion primary lithium cells and batteries have been transported,
and since the early 1990s, over one billion secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and
batteries utilizing a lithium-ion system have been transported. As the number of primary and
secondary lithium cells and batteries to be transported is increasing, it is appropriate to also
include in this standard the safety testing of packaging used for the transportation of these
products.
This International Standard specifically addresses the safety of primary and secondary lithium
cells and batteries during transport and also the safety of the packaging used.
1
The UN Manual of Tests and Criteria [1] distinguishes between lithium metal and lithium alloy
cells and batteries on the one hand, and lithium ion and lithium polymer cells and batteries on
the other hand. While it defines that lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries can be
either primary (non-rechargeable) or rechargeable, it always considers lithium ion cells and
batteries as rechargeable. However, test methods in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria are
the same for both secondary lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries and lithium ion
and lithium polymer cells and batteries. The concept is only needed to distinguish between
small and large battery assemblies. Battery assemblies assembled from (primary or
secondary) lithium metal and lithium alloy batteries are distinguished by the aggregate lithium
content of all anodes (measured in grams), while battery assemblies assembled from lithium
ion or lithium polymer batteries are distinguished by their “nominal” energy (measured in
Watt-hours).
___________
1
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography

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62281 © IEC:2012(E) – 7 –
SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT



1 Scope
This International Standard specifies test methods and requirements for primary and
secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport
other than for recycling or disposal. Requirements specified in this standard do not apply in
those cases where special provisions given in the relevant regulations, listed in 7.3, provide
exemptions.
NOTE Different standards may apply for lithium-ion traction battery systems used for electrically propelled road
vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 61960, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications
IEC 62133, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them,
for use in portable applications
IEC 62660-1, Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles – Part 1:
Performance testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
aggregate lithium content
total lithium content of the cells comprising a battery
3.2
battery
one or more cells electrically connected and fitted in a case, with terminals, markings and
protective devices etc., as necessary for use
Note 1 to entry: This definition is different from the definition used in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria [1]. The
standard was, however, carefully prepared so that the test set-up for each test is harmonized with the UN Manual.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 [2], 482-01-04, modified – reference to "electrically
connected" has been added]
3.3
battery assembly
battery comprising two or more batteries

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3.4
button (cell or battery)
coin (cell or battery)
small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter, e.g. in the shape
of a button or a coin
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-40, modified – the term "small round cell or battery"
replaces the original "cell with a cylindrical shape""]
3.5
cell
basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals
and, usually, separators that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of
chemical energy
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-01]
3.6
component cell
cell contained in a battery
3.7
cycle (of a secondary (rechargeable) cell or battery)
set of operations that is carried out on a secondary (rechargeable) cell or battery and is
repeated regularly in the same sequence
Note 1 to entry: These operations may consist of a sequence of a discharge followed by a charge or a charge
followed by a discharge under specified conditions. This sequence may include rest periods.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-05-28, modified – the words "secondary (rechargeable"
have been added]
3.8
cylindrical (cell or battery)
round cell or battery in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-39, modified – the words "round cell or battery"
replace the original "cell with a cylindrical shape"]
3.9
depth of discharge
DOD
percentage of rated capacity discharged from a battery
3.10
first cycle
initial cycle of a secondary (rechargeable) cell or battery following completion of all
manufacturing, formation and quality control processes
3.11
fully charged
state of charge of a secondary (rechargeable) cell or battery corresponding to 0 % depth of
discharge
3.12
fully discharged
state of charge of a cell or battery corresponding to 100 % dep
...