SIST EN 12831-1:2018

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 12831-1:2018
01-maj-2018
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SIST EN 12831:2004
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Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of the design heat load - Part 1:
Space heating load, Module M3-3
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Norm-Heizlast -
Teil 1: Raumheizlast, Modul M3-3
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul de la charge thermique
nominale - Partie 1 : Charge de chauffage des locaux, module M3-3
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12831-1:2017
ICS:
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
SIST EN 12831-1:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 12831-1:2018

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SIST EN 12831-1:2018


EN 12831-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

July 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.140.10 Supersedes EN 12831:2003
English Version

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation
of the design heat load - Part 1: Space heating load, Module
M3-3
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
calcul de la charge thermique nominale - Partie 1 : Berechnung der Norm-Heizlast - Teil 1: Raumheizlast,
Charge de chauffage des locaux, module M3-3 Modul M3-3
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12831-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 12831-1:2018
EN 12831-1:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 15
4.1 Symbols . 15
4.2 Subscripts . 16
5 Description of the methods . 19
6 Standard method – Heat load of rooms, building entities and buildings . 20
6.1 Output data . 20
6.2 Input data . 21
6.3 Calculation procedure . 27
6.3.1 Design heat load . 27
6.3.2 Design transmission heat losses of a heated space (i) . 29
6.3.3 Design ventilation heat loss . 33
6.3.4 Additional heating-up power in intermittently heated spaces . 41
6.3.5 Time constant . 42
6.3.6 Heat transfer coefficients without temperature adjustment . 43
6.3.7 External design temperature (climatic data) . 44
6.3.8 Influence of the heat emission system in high rooms (ceiling height ≥ 4 m) . 46
7 Simplified method for the calculation of the design heat load of a heated space (single
rooms) . 48
7.1 Output data . 48
7.2 Input data . 48
7.3 Calculation procedure . 49
7.3.1 Design heat load of a heated space . 49
7.3.2 Design transmission heat loss of a heated space . 50
7.3.3 Design ventilation heat loss of a heated space . 50
8 Simplified method for the calculation of the building design heat load . 51
8.1 Output data . 51
8.2 Input data . 51
8.3 Calculation procedure . 52
8.3.1 Building design heat load . 52
8.3.2 Building design transmission heat loss. 53
8.3.3 Design ventilation heat loss of a building . 53
9 Compliance check. 54
9.1 General . 54
9.2 Dimensioning of heat emission systems . 54
9.3 Dimensioning of heat generators . 54
Annex A (normative) Input data, structure for default values . 55
A.1 General . 55
A.2 Input data for the standard method (6) . 55
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SIST EN 12831-1:2018
EN 12831-1:2017 (E)
A.2.1 Consideration of thermal bridges . 55
A.2.2 Correction of U-values for the influence of building element properties and
meteorological conditions . 55
A.2.3 Heat loss through the ground . 55
A.2.4 Temperature adjustment for heat loss to unheated spaces . 56
A.2.5 Internal temperatures of adjacent building entities . 56
A.2.6 Influence of the heat emission system in high rooms . 56
A.2.7 Specific thermal storage capacity c . 57
eff
A.2.8 Specific properties of air . 57
A.2.9 Volume flow ratio between room (i) and zone (z) . 58
A.2.10 Air tightness . 58
A.2.11 Minimum air change rate . 58
A.2.12 Coefficient for the volume flow ratio f . 59
qv,z
A.2.13 Estimation of design data of external ATDs. 59
A.2.14 Pressure exponent for leakages . 59
A.2.15 Adjustment factor for the orientation of the zone (orientation factor) . 59
A.2.16 Adjustment factor for the number of exposed facades . 60
A.2.17 Air volume flow through large openings . 60
A.2.18 Additional heating-up power in intermittently heated spaces ϕ . 60
hu
A.2.19 Heat gains Φ . 60
gain
A.3 Input data for the simplified methods (7, 8) . 60
A.3.1 Ratio between external and internal surface areas . 60
A.3.2 Thermal bridges . 61
A.3.3 Temperature correction factor f . 61
x
A.3.4 Air change rate . 61
A.4 Input data for the standard method and the simplified methods . 61
A.4.1 Climatic data . 61
A.4.2 Internal design temperature . 64
A.4.3 Simplified determination of U-Values . 64
Annex B (informative) Input data, default values . 65
B.1 General . 65
B.2 Input data for the standard method (6) . 65
B.2.1 Consideration of thermal bridges . 65
B.2.2 Correction of U-values for the influence of building element properties and
meteorological conditions . 65
B.2.3 Heat loss through the ground . 65
B.2.4 Temperature adjustment for heat loss to unheated spaces . 66
B.2.5 Internal temperatures of adjacent building entities . 66
B.2.6 Influence of the heat emission system in high rooms . 66
B.2.7 Specific thermal storage capacity c . 67
eff
B.2.8 Specific properties of air . 68
B.2.9 Volume flow ratio between room (i) and zone (z) . 68
B.2.10 Air tightness . 68
B.2.11 Coefficient for the volume flow ratio f . 69
qv,z
B.2.12 Estimation of design data of external ATDs. 70
B.2.13 Pressure exponent for leakages . 71
B.2.14 Adjustment factor for the orientation of the zone (orientation factor) . 71
B.2.15 Adjustment factor for the number of exposed facades . 71
B.2.16 Air volume flow through large openings . 71
B.2.17 Additional heating-up power in intermittently heated spaces ϕhu . 71
B.2.18 Heat gains Φgain. 71
B.3 Input data for the simplified methods (7, 8) . 71
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SIST EN 12831-1:2018
EN 12831-1:2017 (E)
B.3.1 Ratio between external and internal surface areas . 71
B.3.2 Thermal bridges . 72
B.3.3 Temperature correction factor f . 72
x
B.3.4 Air change rate . 72
B.4 Input data for the standard method and the simplified methods . 72
B.4.1 Climatic data . 72
B.4.2 Internal design temperature . 73
B.4.3 Simplified determination of U-Values . 74
Annex C (informative) Detailed consideration of thermal bridges . 77
Annex D (informative) Internal temperatures θ of adjacent building entities or adjacent
u
unheated spaces within the same building . 78
Annex E (informative) Equivalent thermal transmittance of building elements against ground. 81
Annex F (informative) Estimation of heating-up power in intermittently heated spaces (6.3.4) . 84
F.1 General . 84
F.2 Determination of the specific heating-up power φ based on the time of disuse. 86
hu,i
F.3 Determination of the specific heating-up power φ based on the internal temperature
hu,i
drop during setback . 87
Annex G (informative) External air volume flow through large openings . 89
Bibliography . 94

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SIST EN 12831-1:2018
EN 12831-1:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 12831-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating
systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by January 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12831:2003.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
EN 12831, Energy performance of buildings — Method for the calculation of the design heat load, is composed
with the following parts:
— Part 1: Space heating load, Module M3-3;
— Part 2: Explanation and justification of EN 12831-1, Module M3-3 [CEN/TR];
— Part 3: Domestic hot water systems heat load and characterisation of needs, Module M8-2, M8-3;
— Part 4: Explanation and justification of EN 12831-3, Module M8-2, M8-3 [CEN/TR].
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 12831-1:2018
EN 12831-1:2017 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the
methodology for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “set of EPB standards”.
All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency.
All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and
references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B
with informative default choices.
For the correct use of this standard a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these choices.
Informative default choices are provided in Annex B.
The EPB set of standards deals with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system
sizing) to provide the building services considered in the EPBD.
The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:
— design of heating systems (water based, electrical, etc.);
— installation of heating systems;
— commissioning of heating systems;
— instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;
— methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;
— methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.
Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems.
All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a
whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system.
Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a. o. product standards.
However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the
system requirements.
The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the
function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.
The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements
might be used if fulfilment can be proved.
Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In
some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated.
In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.
Use by or for regulators: In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal
requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific applications.
These choices (either the informative default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to national / regional
needs, but in any case following the template of this Annex A) can be made available as national annex or as
separate (e.g. legal) document (national data sheet).
NOTE So in this case:
— the regulators will specify the choices;
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SIST EN 12831-1:2018
EN 12831-1:2017 (E)
— the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and thereby use the
choices made by the regulators.
Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation. Public regulation on the same topics
can override the default values in Annex B of this standard. Public regulation on the same topics can even,
for certain applications, override the use of this standard. Legal requirements and choices are in general not
published in standards but in legal documents. In order to avoid double publications and difficult updating
of double documents, a national annex may refer to the legal texts where national choices have been made
by public authorities. Different national annexes or national data sheets are possible, for different
applications.
It is expected, if the default values, choices and references to other EPB standards in Annex B are not
followed due to national regulations, policy or traditions, that:
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional
values, according to the model in Annex A. In this case the national annex (e.g. NA) refers to this text;
— or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a national
annex in agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give
national or regional values and choices.
Further target groups are parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy
performance for a dedicated building stock.
More information is provided in the Technical Report accompanying this standard (CEN/TR 12831-2).
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SIST EN 12831-1:2018
EN 12831-1:2017 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard covers methods for the calculation of the design heat load for single rooms, building
entities and buildings, where the design heat load is defined as the heat supply (power) needed to maintain
the required internal design temperature under design external conditions.
Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the
modular structure as set out in EN ISO 52000-1.
NOTE 1 In CEN ISO/TR 52000-2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant
EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation.
NOTE 2 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard may cover more than one module and
one module may be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method
respectively. See also Clause 2 and Tables A.1 and B.1.
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SIST EN 12831-1:2018
EN 12831-1:2017 (E)
Table 1 — Position of this standard, within the modular structure of the set of EPB standards
Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)
Building
Humidifi Dehumid Domestic Electricity
Sub module Descriptions  Descriptions  Descriptions Heating Cooling Ventilation Lighting automation
cation ification Hot water production
and control
sub1  M1  M2  M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
15316–
1 General  General  General     15316–1
1
Common
terms and
Building
2 definitions;   Needs      12831–3
Energy Needs
symbols, units
and subscripts
(Free) Indoor
Maximum
Conditions 12831–
3 Applications   Load and     12831–3
without 1
Power
Systems
Ways to Ways to Ways to
Express Express Express 15316–
4       15316–1
Energy Energy Energy 1
Performance Performance Performance
Building
Heat Transfer
categories and Emission and 15316–
5  by  15316–2
Building control 2
Transmission
Boundaries
Building Heat Transfer
Occupancy by Infiltration Distribution 15316–
6   15316–3    15316–3
and Operating and and control 3
Conditions Ventilation
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SIST EN 12831-1:2018
EN 12831-1:2017 (E)
Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)
Building
Humidifi Dehumid Domestic Electricity
Sub module Descriptions  Descriptions  Descriptions Heating Cooling Ventilation Lighting automation
cation ification Hot water production
and control
sub1  M1  M2  M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
Aggregation of
Energy 15316–5
Internal Storage and 15316–
7 Services and       15316–4–
Heat Gains control 5
Energy 3
Carriers
Building Solar
8   Generation
zoning Heat Gains
Combustion 15316– 15316–4–
8–1
boilers 4–1 1
15316– 15316– 15316–4–
8–2     Heat pumps
4–2 4–2 2
Thermal solar
15316– 15316–4–
8–3           15316–4–3
4–3 3
...