SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
01-julij-2018
Varovalna obleka za gasilce - Fiziološki vpliv - 1. del: Merjenje skupnega prenosa
toplote in mase s torzom za potenje (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact - Part 1: Measurement of
coupled heat and moisture transfer with the sweating torso (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische Wärmebelastung - Teil 1: Messung
von gekoppelter Wärme und Stoffaustausch mit dem schwitzenden Torso (ISO 18640-
1:2018)
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Impact physiologique - Partie 1:
Mesurage du transfert de masse et de la chaleur couplé de chaleur et d'humidité à l'aide
du torse transpirant (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ICS:
13.220.10 Gašenje požara Fire-fighting
13.340.10 Varovalna obleka Protective clothing
SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018


EN ISO 18640-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

May 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.340.10
English Version

Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact -
Part 1: Measurement of coupled heat and moisture
transfer with the sweating torso (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische
Impact physiologique - Partie 1: Mesurage du transfert Wärmebelastung - Teil 1: Messung von gekoppelter
de masse et de la chaleur couplé de chaleur et Wärme und Stoffaustausch mit dem schwitzenden
d'humidité à l'aide du torse transpirant (ISO 18640- Torso (ISO 18640-1:2018)
1:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18640-1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
EN ISO 18640-1:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

2

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
EN ISO 18640-1:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18640-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94
"Personal safety - Personal protective equipment" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 162 “Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2018, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18640-1:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18640-1:2018 without any
modification.

3

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18640-1
First edition
2018-05
Protective clothing for firefighters —
Physiological impact —
Part 1:
Measurement of coupled heat and
moisture transfer with the sweating
torso
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers — Impact
physiologique —
Partie 1: Mesurage du transfert de masse et de la chaleur couplé de
chaleur et d'humidité à l'aide du torse transpirant
Reference number
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 4
5 Apparatus . 4
5.1 Sweating torso . 5
5.1.1 General. 5
5.1.2 Heated cylinder . 6
5.1.3 Thermal guard sections . 6
5.1.4 Heating and temperature control . 6
5.1.5 Temperature measurement . 6
5.1.6 Simulation of perspiration . 6
5.1.7 Wicking layer . 6
5.1.8 Balance torso weight . 7
5.2 Computer, control system and data acquisition . 7
5.2.1 General. 7
5.2.2 Computer and measurement software . 7
5.2.3 Control system . 7
5.2.4 Data acquisition . 7
5.2.5 Measurement control options . 7
5.3 Climatic chamber . 8
5.3.1 General. 8
5.3.2 Climatic chamber sensors . 8
5.4 Fan system . 8
5.5 Sweat water supply . 8
5.5.1 Gravimetric sweat water control system . 9
5.6 Simulation of air layers .10
6 Sampling and test specimens .11
6.1 General .11
6.1.1 Size of samples.11
6.1.2 Type of test specimen .11
6.1.3 Garment/ensemble specification .11
6.2 Number of test specimens .11
7 Specimen preparation .11
7.1 Pre-treatment .12
7.2 Conditioning .12
8 Measurement procedure .12
8.1 Test preparation .12
8.1.1 Preparation of climatic chamber .12
8.1.2 Wind speed .12
8.2 Specimen testing .13
8.2.1 General.13
8.2.2 Dressing the torso .14
8.2.3 Recording specimen identification and test observations .14
8.2.4 Starting the test .14
8.2.5 Calculated values .15
9 Test report .18
9.1 General .18
9.2 Specimen identification .18
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)

9.3 Experiment conditions .18
9.4 Calculated results.18
10 Maintenance and calibration .19
10.1 Maintenance .19
10.1.1 Sweat water tank .19
10.1.2 Valve checks .19
10.2 Calibration .19
10.2.1 General.19
10.2.2 Correction value for thermal resistance, R .
ct0 (torso) 19
10.2.3 Wicking layer .19
10.2.4 torso temperature sensors .20
10.2.5 torso heating power .20
10.2.6 torso sweat rate .20
10.2.7 Environmental conditions .20
10.3 Experiments with a standard fabric (optional) .20
Annex A (informative) torso size and materials definition .21
Annex B (informative) Calibration .25
Annex C (informative) Example of data evaluation .27
Annex D (informative) Sample check list .31
Annex E (informative) Validation of the measurement device .32
Annex F (informative) Example Matlab code .33
Bibliography .37
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety, Subcommittee SC 14,
Firefighters PPE.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18640 series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)

Introduction
The main functions of protective clothing are protection against hazards and maintenance of health and
comfort for the wearer. Furthermore, protective clothing against heat and flame prevents the wearer
from health risks or even life threatening heat stress in extreme environmental conditions. Today’s
standards provide requirements for the protective properties of protective clothing against heat and
flame. However, the higher the protective properties of such clothing, the less the heat originating
2
from the human body is dissipated. Firefighters reach metabolic rates above 500 W/m during their
[5][6] [7]
work . Thereof 75-85 % is released as heat , which has to be dissipated from the human body
by thermo-regulative processes to avoid an increase in body core temperature. If heat dissipation is
not restricted, the human body is able to maintain its temperature in the range of 36,5 °C to 37,5 °C
[8]
(normothermia) . However, in harsh environmental conditions and/or in situations of restricted heat
dissipation due to protective clothing the human body is not able to maintain body core temperature
within normothermia and suffers from heat stress. The working performance is gradually reduced and
[16]
any further increases in body core temperature can become life threatening . To reduce the risk of
heat stress during high intensity physical activities, protective clothing should additionally be assessed
with regard to its impact on human thermoregulation and heat stress.
Different approaches exist for the assessment of thermo-physiological impact. On the one hand,
established standard parameters such as water vapour resistance, R , and thermal insulation, R , of
et ct
fabric samples are considered with regard to thermo-regulative impact. However, these parameters do
not fully reflect the real impact of protective clothing; for example, moisture management properties
and the combined effect of heat and moisture transfer are not considered. On the other hand, human
subject trials reveal real thermo-physiological responses for a specific environmental condition
and protective clothing ensemble. However, the outcome of this methodology does not only refer to
the intrinsic properties of material samples but are influenced also by the design of the clothing and
trapped air layers within the clothing. Furthermore, human subject trials are very time consuming and
expensive, constricted by ethical guidelines and provide findings related to the collective of participants
included. Thus, reproducibility between laboratories might be limited. The use of thermal manikins
overcomes the limitations for human subject trials. As for human subject trials, full body manikins
provide findings on ready-made protective garments including design and fit. Hence, the attribution to
intrinsic material properties remains difficult.
A methodology referring to intrinsic clothing properties and taking into account combined heat and
[9][10]
moisture transfer is the Sweating torso . Sweating torso device is an upright standing heated
[11]
cylinder, representing the surface of a human trunk, with the ability for perspiration . The clothing
sample is investigated by wrapping specimens around the sweating torso. Three phases are run to
measure dry thermal insulation, dry and wet heat transfer and drying properties. Findings from the
Sweating torso have been validated with standard methodologies, such as sweating guarded hotplate,
[11]
and were shown to be highly reproducible . Furthermore, validation studies have been conducted
to relate human thermos-physiological measurements to Sweating torso findings under realistic
environmental conditions and activities for firefighters. Based on this knowledge, guidelines are
provided for intrinsic textile properties based on thermo-physiological responses. In addition to the
standard procedure described above, the impact of more complex protective clothing systems including
underwear, air gaps and/or design features is investigated optionally applying the same experimental
protocol described in this document.
vi © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18640-1:2018(E)
Protective clothing for firefighters — Physiological
impact —
Part 1:
Measurement of coupled heat and moisture transfer with
the sweating torso
1 Scope
This document provides a test method for evaluating the physiological impact of protective fabric
ensembles and potentially protective clothing ensembles in a series of simulated activities (phases)
under defined ambient conditions. This standard test method characterizes the essential properties
of fabric assemblies of a representative garment or clothing ensemble for thermo-physiological
assessment:
— dry thermal insulation;
— cooling properties during average metabolic activity and moisture management (dry and wet heat
transfer);
— drying behaviour.
Default measurements are done on fabric samples representing the garment or protective clothing
combination. Optionally and in addition to the standard test method, the same testing protocol can be
applied to characterise more complex protective clothing ensembles including underwear, air layer and
1)
certain design features . In addition, measurements on readymade garments are possible.
This test method is intended to be used to measure and describe the behaviour of fabric assemblies of a
garment or clothing ensemble in response to a simulated series of activities under controlled laboratory
conditions, with the results used to optimize garment combinations and material selection. Furthermore,
this document together ISO 18640-2, is intended to be used to describe the thermo-physiological impact
of protective clothing but not the risk for heat stress under actual fire conditions. The results of this test
can be used as elements of a risk assessment with respect to thermo-physiological load.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
1) A study conducted by Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Switzerland)
showed good correlation between results of standard torso tests (without underwear and air layers on fabrics) to
tests on fabrics with underwear, tests on fabrics with underwear and air layers and test on readymade garments (with
underwear and with or without air layers) o
...