SIST EN 1114-1:2011

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1114-1:2008
01-marec-2008
Stroji za predelavo gume in plastike - Ekstruderji in oprema za iztiskavanje - 1. del:
Varnostne zahteve za ekstruderje
Plastics and rubber machines - Extruders and extrusion lines - Part 1: Safety
requirements for extruders
Kunststoff- und Gummimaschinen - Extruder und Extrusionsanlagen - Teil 1:
Sicherheitsanforderungen für Extruder
Machines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc - Extrudeuses et lignes
d'extrusion - Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité pour les extrudeuses
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1114-1
ICS:
83.200
oSIST prEN 1114-1:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 1114-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2007
ICS 83.200 Will supersede EN 1114-1:1996
English Version
Plastics and rubber machines - Extruders and extrusion lines -
Part 1: Safety requirements for extruders
Machines pour les matières plastiques et le caoutchouc - Kunststoff- und Gummimaschinen - Extruder und
Extrudeuses et lignes d'extrusion - Partie 1: Exigences de Extrusionsanlagen - Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen für
sécurité pour les extrudeuses Extruder
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 145.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
: This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
Warning
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1114-1:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 List of significant hazards .8
4.1 General.8
4.2 Mechanical hazards.8
4.3 Hazards due to electrical energy.9
4.3.1 Electrical shock or burns due for example to direct or indirect contact with live parts.9
4.3.2 Electrical shock due to electrostatic phenomena .9
4.3.3 Thermal hazards .9
4.3.4 Hazards generated by noise .9
4.3.5 Hazards resulting from materials and substances processed, used and/or exhausted by
the machinery.9
4.3.6 Fire Hazards .9
4.3.7 Hazards due to falling from height.10
4.3.8 Hazards due to unsuitable ergonomics .10
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures.10
5.1 General.10
5.2 Mechanical hazards.10
5.2.1 Drive and power transmission .10
5.2.2 Screw shaft.10
5.2.3 Openings in the barrel.10
5.2.4 Feed System.11
5.2.5 Excess pressure protection.12
5.2.6 Screen changer.12
5.2.7 Melt/gear pump .13
5.2.8 Melt pipes and adaptors.13
5.2.9 Static mixer.13
5.2.10 Extruder head.13
5.2.11 High level working places.13
5.2.12 Power operated horizontal movement of the complete machine or parts of it.14
5.3 Electrical energy .14
5.3.1 General.14
5.3.2 Electrostatic phenomena .15
5.4 Hot machine parts.15
5.5 Noise .15
5.5.1 General.15
5.5.2 Noise reduction at source by design.15
5.5.3 Determination of noise emission values.16
5.6 Materials and substances processed, used and/or exhausted by the machinery.16
5.7 Fire hazards.16
5.8 Emergency stop.16
5.9 Ergonomics .16
5.10 Fixing systems of fixed guards.17
6 Verification of conformity with safety requirements and/or protective measures .17
7 Information for use .18
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
7.1 Minimum marking on the machine .18
7.2 Instruction manual .19
7.2.1 Contents .19
7.2.2 Interfaces with machines mounted up-stream and downstream of the extruder.20
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.21
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EG.22

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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 1114-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 145 “Plastics and
rubber machines”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1114-1:1996.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA and ZB, which is an integral part of this
document.
This is the first in a series of standards on the safety of extruders and extrusion lines.
Part 2 deals with die face pelletisers.
Part 3 deals with caterpillar, roller and belt take-offs.
Introduction
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
1 Scope
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to all types of
screw extruders for plastics and rubber, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse
which are foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This standard additionally covers the following feeding systems:
 hoppers;
 single roller feeding systems;
 double roller feeding systems;
 crammer feeding systems;
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
and the following ancillary equipment which form part of or are attached to the extruder:
 screen changers;
 melt/gear pumps;
 melt pipes and adaptors;
 static mixers;
 extruder head.
NOTE Metering devices are not covered by this standard.
This European Standard does not deal with hazards caused by processing materials and which may lead to a
risk of fire or release of health hazardous materials.
This standard only applies to extruder heads that give initial shape to the plasticised material.
An extruder conforming to this standard is not regarded as a pressure vessel as defined in the Pressure
Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.
Extruders usually do not produce explosive atmospheres. Where materials are processed, which may cause
an explosive atmosphere, the Directive 94/9/EC on the Equipment intended for use in Potentially Explosive
Atmospheres (ATEX) shall be applied. Explosion hazards are not dealt with in this standard.
This document is not applicable to extruders which are manufactured before the date of its publication
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper
limbs
EN 349:1993, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects — Principles for design
EN 574:1996, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Functional aspects — Principles for
design
EN 614-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general
principles
EN 626-1:1994, Safety of machinery — Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by
machinery — Part 1: Principals and specifications for machinery manufacturers
EN 811:1996, Safety of Machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower
limbs
EN 953:1997, Safety of Machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed
and movable guards
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Hydraulics
EN 1037:1995, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principals for design
and selection
EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of Machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2005 modified)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-Code)
EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources — Engineering
methods for free-field conditions over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)
EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustic – Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 9614-1:1995, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity
- Part 1: Measurement at discrete points (ISO 9614-1:1996)
EN ISO 9614-2:1996, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity
– Part 2: Measurement by scanning (ISO 9614-2:1996)
EN ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at the workstation and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an
essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995)
EN ISO 11204:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at the workstation and other specified positions — Method requiring environmental
corrections (ISO 11204:1995)
EN ISO 11688-1:1998, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688:1998)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of Machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of Machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2:
Technical principles and specifications (ISO 12100-2:2003)
EN ISO 13732-1:2006, Ergonomic of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-1:2006, Safety of machinery —Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849- 1:2006)
EN ISO 13850:2006, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006)
EN ISO 14122-1:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of
fixed means of access between two levels (ISO 14122-1:2001)
EN ISO 14122-2:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2001)
EN ISO 14122-3:2001, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3:2001)
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
EN ISO 14122-4:2004, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed
ladders (ISO 14122-4:2004)
CENELEC Report R044-001:1999, Safety of machinery — Guidance and recommendations for the avoidance
of hazards due to static electricity
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12100:2003 and the following apply.
3.1
extruder
a machine which conveys materials by means of one or more screws rotating within a barrel and discharges it
continuously through the extrusion head
Note In doing so the material can be heated, cooled, consolidated, mixed, plasticised, can undergo chemical
reactions, and may be degassed or gas injected. Viewed in the direction of flow of the material the extruder itself ends with
the tip of the screw or screws.
3.2
hopper
a container for gravity feeding of material into the extruder
3.3
single roller feeding device
a roller, which has an axis parallel to that of the screw
NOTE The screw and the roller counter-rotate and form an in-running nip and thereby improve the regularity of
feeding. The device may be driven by the screw or by an independent device.
3.4
double roller feeding
a device used for constant feeding of the extruder
NOTE The feeding device consists of two rollers arranged in parallel positioned at the feed opening of the extruder
3.5
crammer feeding system
a system which has a dedicated drive which assists or densifies the flow of materials into the extruder by
means of screws or other devices
3.6
main feed opening
an opening in the barrel through which for example the granule, sheets, strips, powder or plasticised material
passes
3.7
secondary opening
a subsidiary opening in the barrel through which for example granulate, powder, liquid, gases or paste (e. g.
colour, stabilisers, plasticisers) enters, or gases or vapours are removed
3.8
barrel
a housing which surrounds one or more screws
3.9
accessories attached to openings in the extruder barrel
parts or devices for example pins, temperature or pressure gauges, vent or degassing chimneys
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
3.10
melt/gear pump
a device which has a dedicated drive used to convey molten material at a defined pressure
3.11
melt pipes and adaptors
parts for connecting accessories for example screen changers, melt pumps and static mixers
3.12
static mixer
a device positioned at the outlet of the screw of an extruder which contains fixed obstacles used to
homogenize, cool and heat the material
3.13
screen changer
a device containing one or more screens through which molten material flows to remove foreign particles
NOTE The screen or screens are fixed on a carrier and can be moved from an on-line operating position and vice
versa.
3.14
extruder head
a device that gives shape to the molten material
4 List of significant hazards
4.1 General
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with
in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require
action to eliminate or reduce the risk
4.2 Mechanical hazards
NOTE Table 1 below shows the danger areas and the types of mechanical hazards which may occur.
Table 1 ― Mechanical hazards and danger areas
Crushing hazards Shearing hazards Cutting and Drawing-in or Ejection of parts
severing trapping of machinery

Rotating parts of
the drive and
X X X X X
power
transmission
machinery

Rotation of
screw(s) X X X X


Moving parts of
the feeding X X X X

system

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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
Table 1 ― Units / danger areas ant its relevant types of hazards (concluded)
Crushing hazards Shearing hazards Cutting and Drawing-in or Ejection of parts
severing trapping of machinery

Over pressure in
the barrel   X


Over pressure in
melt pipes and   X

adaptors

Accessible
moving parts of X X X X

the screen
changer
Extruder itself
X
when moved or
moving
Dangerous
X X X X
movement of the
extruder head
and/or its parts

4.3 Hazards due to electrical energy
4.3.1 Electrical shock or burns due for example to direct or indirect contact with live parts
4.3.2 Electrical shock due to electrostatic phenomena
4.3.3 Thermal hazards
 Burns, or
 scalds,
due to contact with hot machine parts or hot extruded product.
4.3.4 Hazards generated by noise
 Hearing loss, or
 interference with speech communication, or
 interference with the perception of acoustic signals, due to high noise levels.
4.3.5 Hazards resulting from materials and substances processed, used and/or exhausted by the
machinery
Contact with, or inhalation of, materials, fumes or gases escaping from the openings.
4.3.6 Fire Hazards
Ignition due to
 contact with flammable materials;
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
 leakage from hydraulic lines onto hot surfaces.
4.3.7 Hazards due to falling from height
Injury due to falling from high level working places.
4.3.8 Hazards due to unsuitable ergonomics
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-2 for relevant but not
significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
5.2 Mechanical hazards
5.2.1 Drive and power transmission
The drive shafts and couplings between the motor and reduction gear and transmission belts shall be
protected by fixed guards in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2. For safety distances of EN 294:1992 tables 2,
3 or 4 apply.
5.2.2 Screw shaft
If the end of the screw shaft is not enclosed by a housing, it shall be protected by fixed guards in accordance
with EN 953:1997, 3.2. For safety distances of EN 294:1992, tables 2, 3 or 4 apply.
5.2.3 Openings in the barrel
5.2.3.1 Main feed opening – with or without a feeding system
The main feed opening shall be protected:
 by design, taking into account the safety distances in accordance with EN 294:1992, tables 2, 3 or 4; or
 by the presence of a fixed or interlocked feeding system, for example hoppers or crammer feed systems.
The safety related parts of the interlocked system shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1, PL 'c'.
5.2.3.2 Secondary openings
Secondary openings not under pressure shall be protected in accordance with 5.2.3.1.
Secondary openings which are pressurised shall be protected in accordance with 5.2.3.3.
5.2.3.3 Openings for the attachment of accessories
Openings for the attachment of accessories shall be protected by the presence of the accessories or by using
plugs.
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
5.2.4 Feed System
5.2.4.1 Hopper
Access to dangerous movement shall be prevented by design, taking into consideration the safety distances
in accordance with EN 294:1992, table 2, 3 or 4.
If the hopper is provided with a door or cover which permits access to the dangerous movements, that door or
cover, shall be provided with an interlocking system in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.26.1. For
safety related parts of the control EN ISO 13849:2006, PL 'c' applies
5.2.4.2 Single roller feeding system
The intake area of the single roller feeding system shall be protected:
 by design, taking into account the safety distances in accordance with EN 294:1992, tables 2, 3 or 4; or
 by a hopper or another fixed guard in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2.
If the single roller feeding system is opened, the movement of the screw(s) and the roller shall be stopped by
an interlocking system in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.26.1. The safety related parts of the
control shall be in accordance with EN ISO 3849-1:2006.
If the opening and closing of the feed roller is motorised, the danger points shall be protected:
 by an interlocking guard in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.5. The safety related parts of the control shall
be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2006, PL 'c'; or
 by a hold-to-run control device in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.26.3, which is positioned so
that the danger area is visible to the operator and at a sufficient distance to prevent the operator being
endangered by the opening and closing of the roller housing. The safety related parts of the control shall
be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2006, PL 'c'.
If it is necessary for certain operations to rotate the screw(s) or the feed roller with the feed system open, a
two hand control device in accordance with EN 574:1996, type II shall be provided if they are not protected by
design. This two hand control device shall be located in the immediate vicinity of the feed roller. Fixed guards
in accordance with EN 953, 3.2 or equivalent protective devices shall be fitted where this is necessary to
prevent the access of a second person to the danger area.
The single roller feeding device shall be provided with an emergency stop actuator in accordance with
EN ISO 13850:2006, stop category 0 or stop category 1 so that movement of the extruder screw and feed
roller can be stopped.
5.2.4.3 Double roller feeding system
The intake area of the feed rollers shall be protected:
 by design, taking into account the safety distances in accordance with EN 294:1992, tables 2, 3 or 4; or
 by a fixed hopper or other fixed guard in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2.
If the double roll feeding system is opened, for example by swinging away the feed hopper, the movement of
the rollers shall be stopped by an interlocking system in accordance with EN ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.26.1. The
safety related parts of the control shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2006, PL 'c'.
If it is necessary for certain operations (e. g. in laboratories) to rotate the rollers with the feeding system open
a two hand control device in accordance with EN 574:1996, type II shall be provided. This two hand control
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prEN 1114-1:2007 (E)
device shall be positioned in the immediate vicinity of the roller. Fixed guards in accordance with EN 953:1997,
3.2 or equivalent protective devices shall be fitted where this is necessary to prevent access of a second
person to the danger area.
If the double roller feeding device can be swivelled away or dismantled, the opening shall be safeguarded in
accordance with 5.1.3.1.
The double roller feeding system shall be provided with an emergency stop actuator in accordance with
EN ISO 13850:2006, stop category 0 or stop category 1 so that movement of the extruder screw and the feed
rollers can be stopped.
5.2.4.4 Crammer feeding system
Danger areas of crammer feeding systems shall be protected:
 by design; or
 by fixed guards in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2; or
 by interlocking guards in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.5. The safety related parts of the control shall
be in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2006, PL 'c'.
In all these cases the sa
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