SIST EN 15104:2011

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.PHWRGHFeste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff - Instrumentelle VerfahrenBiocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en carbone, hydrogène et azote - Méthodes instrumentalesSolid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen - Instrumental methods75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15104:2011SIST EN 15104:2011en,de01-april-2011SIST EN 15104:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15104:20051DGRPHãþD



SIST EN 15104:2011



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15104
February 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15104:2005English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen - Instrumental methods
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en carbone, hydrogène et azote - Méthodes instrumentales Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff - Instrumentelle Verfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 December 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15104:2011: ESIST EN 15104:2011



EN 15104:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41Scope .52Normative references .53Terms and definitions .54Principle .55Reagents and calibration substances .65.1General .65.2Carrier gas .65.3Oxygen .65.4Additional reagents .65.5Calibration substances .65.6Use of Certified Reference Materials (CRM or SRM) .76Apparatus .77Preparation of the test sample .78Procedure .88.1Preparation of the test portion .88.2Calibration of the apparatus .88.3Analysis of test samples .89Expression of results .910Performance characteristics .911Test report .9Annex A (informative)
Performance data . 11Bibliography . 13 SIST EN 15104:2011



EN 15104:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15104:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2011. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15104:2005. In the pre-normative project BIONORM I&II a robustness test has been performed to find out if all critical parameters in the standard were addressed. Based on the results of that test it has been concluded that all critical parameters were covered. Only minor technical changes were necessary which have been implemented in the revised text. The revision also includes a change of deliverable from Technical Specification to European Standard and updated normative references. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15104:2011



EN 15104:2011 (E) 4 Introduction Instrumental methods for the analysis of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen are now in widespread and in regular use, often in preference to formerly developed chemical methods for which International Standards exist. The reliable determination of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen is important for quality control and the results can be used as input parameters for calculations applied to the combustion of solid biofuels. The environmental importance of the nitrogen content is linked to emissions of NOx (formation of fuel NOx). Hydrogen content is important for calculation of the net calorific value. Carbon content is required for the determination of CO2-emissions. It is recognized that the Kjeldahl method is most reliable for determining nitrogen contents with a concentration lower than 0,1 %. Possible suitable methods are summarised in the bibliography. SIST EN 15104:2011



EN 15104:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents in solid biofuels. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels  Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-3, Solid biofuels  Determination of moisture content  Oven dry method  Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample FprEN 14780, Solid biofuels  Sample preparation EN 15296, Solid biofuels  Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 Reference Material RM material or substance, one or more of whose property values are sufficiently homogeneous and well established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a measurement method, or for assigning values to materials 3.2 Certified Reference Material CRM reference material, accompanied by a certificate, one or more of whose property values are certified by a procedure which establishes traceability to an accurate realisation of the unit in which the property values are expressed, and for which each certified value is accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level of confidence 3.3 NIST Standard Reference Material® SRM CRM issued by NIST that also meets additional NIST-specific certification criteria and is issued with a certificate or certificate of analysis that reports the results of its characterisations and provides information regarding the appropriate use(s) of the material 4 Principle A known mass of sample is burnt in oxygen, or in an oxygen/carrier gas mixture, under conditions such that it is converted into ash and gaseous products of combustion. These consist mainly of carbon dioxide, water vapour, elemental nitrogen and/or oxides of nitrogen, oxides and oxyacids of sulfur and hydrogen halides. The products of combustion are treated to ensure that any hydrogen associated with sulfur or halides products of combustion are liberated as water vapour. Oxides of nitrogen are reduced to nitrogen, and those products of combustion which would interfere with the subsequent gas-analysis procedures are removed. The carbon SIST EN 15104:2011



EN 15104:2011 (E) 6 dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen mass fractions of the gas stream are then determined quantitatively by appropriate instrumental gas- analysis procedures. 5 Reagents and calibration substances 5.1 General Unless otherwise stated, use only reagents and calibration standards of recognised analytical grade for the analysis. WARNING — Care should be exercised when handling reagents, many of which are toxic and corrosive. 5.2 Carrier gas The carrier gas used is Helium or another suitable gas as specified by the instrument manufacturer. 5.3 Oxygen Oxygen is used as specified by the instrument manufacturer. 5.4 Additional reagents Additional reagents are of types and qualities as specified by the instrument manufacturer. 5.5 Calibration substances Examples of pure organic substances suitable for calibration are given in Table 1. Table 1 — Examples of suitable calibration substances and their theoretical C, H and N contents Name Formula% C% H% N Acetanilide C8H9NO 71,1 6,7 10,4 Atropin C17H23NO3 70,6 8,0 4,8 Benzoic acid C7H6O2 68,8 5,0 0,0 Cystine C6H12N2O4S2 30,0 5,0 11,7 Diphenyl amine C12H11N 85,2 6,6 8,3 EDTA C10H16N2O8 41,1 5,5 9,6 Phenylalanine C9H11NO2 65,4 6,7 8,5 Sulfanil amide C6H8N2O2S 41,8 4,7 16,3 Sulfanilic acid C6H7NO3S 41,6 4,1 8,1 TRIS C4H11NO3 39,7 9,2 11,6
SIST EN 15104:2011



EN 15104:2011 (E) 7 The materials shall be dry and of high purity, i.e. more than 99,9 %. For calibration purposes, the contents of C, H and N according to the certificate of the materials shall be used, not the theoretical contents. Other pure materials can be used provided that they meet the requirement of this standard. 5.6 Use of Certified Reference Materials (CRM or SRM) Use certified reference materials, issued by an int
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