SIST-TP CEN/TR 16220:2011

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST FprCEN/TR 16220:2011
01-marec-2011
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Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Complement
to sampling
Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen Substanzen - Ergänzung zur
Probenahme
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 16220
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
91.100.01 Gradbeni materiali na Construction materials in
splošno general
kSIST FprCEN/TR 16220:2011 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST FprCEN/TR 16220:2011

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kSIST FprCEN/TR 16220:2011


TECHNICAL REPORT
FINAL DRAFT
FprCEN/TR 16220
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHER BERICHT

December 2010
ICS 91.100.01; 13.020.70
English Version
Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous
substances - Complement to sampling
 Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefährlichen
Substanzen - Ergänzung zur Probenahme


This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Technical Committee Approval. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 351.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 16220:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
Foreword .4
0 Introduction .5
0.1 Objective .5
0.2 Terminology .5
0.3 Relation with the deliverables of CEN/TC 351/WG 1 and WG 2 .5
0.4 Users of this CEN/TR .6
0.5 Two sampling domains .6
0.6 Uncertainty and statistical testing .6
0.7 Structure of this CEN/TR .7
1 Scope .8
2 Key concepts .8
2.1 Introduction .8
2.2 Objective of sampling . 13
2.3 Preparation of a sampling plan . 13
2.4 Considerations on sampling strategy . 15
2.5 Application of sampling techniques . 23
2.6 On site sub-sampling / on site sample pre-treatment . 24
2.7 Packaging, preservation, storage and transport . 25
2.8 Sampling report and chain of custody report . 27
3 Recommendations to CEN/TC 351/WG 1, CEN/TC 351/WG 2 and product TCs . 27
3.1 Introduction . 27
3.2 Objective of sampling . 28
3.3 Preparation of a sampling plan . 28
3.4 Considerations on sampling strategy . 28
3.5 Application of sampling techniques . 32
3.6 On site sub-sampling / on site sample pre-treatment . 32
3.7 Packaging, preservation, storage and transport . 33
3.8 Sampling report and chain of custody report . 34
Annex A (informative) Terminology . 35
Annex B (informative) Assessment of uncertainty resulting of sampling activities as part of the
overall test procedure . 38
B.1 General . 38
B.2 Determining factors . 38
B.3 Variability of the product . 39
B.4 Variability caused by sampling and testing . 39
B.5 Determination of the overall uncertainty . 39
B.6 Accepted level of uncertainty . 40
Annex C (informative) Minimum increment and sample size mass (mass/volume) in case of
probabilistic sampling . 41
C.1 General . 41
C.2 Estimation of increment and sample size . 41
C.3 Calculation of the actual increment and/or sample size . 44
Annex D (informative) Calculation of the required number of increments and samples in case of
probabilistic sampling . 46
D.1 General . 46
D.2 Symbols . 46
D.3 Estimating a mean concentration . 47
D.4 Estimating a standard deviation . 49
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Annex E (informative) Sample containers, preservation and storage conditions for different
parameters for the determination of the release to soil and water . 51
Annex F (informative) Example forms for the sampling plan, the field report and the chain of
custody report . 52
F.1 Example of a form for the sampling plan . 52
F.2 Example of a form for the sampling report . 53
F.3 Example form for a chain of custody report . 55
Annex G (informative) Checklist for product TCs to be used for the evaluation of their sampling
standard or sampling paragraph . 56
Bibliography . 57

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Foreword
This document (FpCEN/TR 16220:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 351
“Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances”, the secretariat of which is held by
NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the Technical Committee Approval.
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0 Introduction
0.1 Objective
This CEN/TR provides a complement to the sampling of construction products. Sampling of construction
products for other characteristics than the release or emission of regulated dangerous substances is
1
described in product standards and ETAs ). This CEN/TR is based on mandate M/366 of the European
2
Commission ). It provides requirements which are specific for the sampling of construction products for the
determination of the release or emission of regulated dangerous substances. The mandate implies that
existing sampling standards from product TCs, or sampling instruction in product standards from product TCs,
are to be used as much as possible. Consequently this CEN/TR and the sampling parts of the standards
prepared by WG 1 and WG 2 of CEN/TC 351 (see below 0.3) should be used as a complement to the
sampling of construction products as described in existing standards and ETAs. It does not provide full
guidance to sampling of construction products.
NOTE 1 As a consequence of the fact that this CEN/TR is a complement to existing standards of product TCs, some
instructions that would be an integral part of a full sampling standard, are missing in this CEN/TR. An obvious example
thereof is the fact that this CEN/TR contains no instructions for actually taking a sample.
3)
Existing sampling standards and instructions for the sampling of construction products are to be compared
with this CEN/TR, in order to determine if the requirements for sampling as described in this CEN/TR can be
met with the existing sampling standards and instructions. If not, product TCs may have to adapt their
sampling standards and instructions following appropriate provisions included in the standards to be produced
by WG 1 and WG 2. For this purpose this CEN/TR contains a checklist in Annex G.
NOTE 2 Product TCs should be aware of the fact that sampling for the determination of the emission and/or release of
dangerous substances, might differ from their current sampling procedures which are used to determine product
characteristics.
0.2 Terminology
It is essential that a number of key terms, as mentioned in Clause 2, are well understood when working with
this CEN/TR. These key terms are defined in Annex A, which annex also contains Figure A.1 that depicts the
relation between these key terms.
0.3 Relation with the deliverables of CEN/TC 351/WG 1 and WG 2
At the time that this CEN/TR is developed, CEN/TC 351 comprises two Working Groups (WGs): CEN/TC
351/WG 1: Release from construction products into soil, ground water and surface water and CEN/TC
351/WG 2: Emissions from construction products into indoor air. Both WGs have to, within their scope, deliver
a complete test procedure of which sampling is just a part. The interface between these sampling parts,
4)
product standards and this TR have been defined in TC 351 resolution 81 . The test results are to be used for
CE-marking (and corresponding AoC) and are produced according to WG 1 and WG 2 standards. Since it is

1) ETA: European Technical Approval issued by the European Organisation for Technical Approvals (EOTA).
2) Mandate M/366 "Development of horizontal standardised assessment methods for harmonised approaches relating to
dangerous substances under the Construction Products Directive”; European Commission, DG Enterprise, Brussels 16
March 2005.
3) This document refers both to sampling standards as published by product TCs as well as to product standards that
contain sampling instructions as part of an overall test procedure.
4) Resolution 81 taken by CEN/TC 351 on 23-24 April 2008 reads : CEN/TC 351 confirms the recommendation 1 of TG
4 taken at its March 2008 meeting as given in document N 149, which is "It is the responsibility of product TCs to specify
the detailed procedure for sampling. However, they have to follow the general requirements provided by WG 1 and WG 2
that are to be based on the technical report prepared by TG 4." The decision was taken by unanimity.
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not possible to test all possible conditions, WG 1 and WG 2 establish reference conditions under which the
test results are expressed.
0.4 Users of this CEN/TR
This CEN/TR is intended to be used by two principal users:
 CEN/TC 351/WG 1 (Release from construction products into soil, ground water and surface water) and
CEN/TC 351/WG 2 (Emissions from construction products into indoor air).
 CEN/TCs and EOTA committees responsible for the development and maintenance of standards for
products under the Construction Products Directive (CPD). These CEN product TCs fall under the
framework of mandate M/366 on the “Emission of dangerous substances from construction products into
indoor air, soil, surface water and ground water". This mandate is a “horizontal complement” to the
construction product mandates.
Additionally, this CEN/TR might for instance be used as a reference document by individual producers when
indirect test procedures are derived e.g. for Factory Production Control (FPC).
0.5 Two sampling domains
Two different sampling domains are relevant to regulated dangerous substances:
 sampling of the construction product to obtain a quantity of the product which is used in a test;
 sampling of the air (emission) or water (release) with which a quantity of the product has been in contact.
This CEN/TR is only of relevance to the first sampling domain, the sampling of the construction product. At the
same time, restrains which result from the second sampling domain might impose boundary conditions on the
first sampling domain.
NOTE To avoid confusion, this Technical Report often uses the term 'product sampling' for the first sampling domain.
0.6 Uncertainty and statistical testing
The number and type of samples to be taken relates directly to the accepted uncertainty of the test result(s). A
number of individual sources of uncertainty can be identified, which can be clustered in three groups: the
variability of the product, the variability introduced due to sampling activities and the variability introduced by
the laboratory activities.
NOTE 1 In most situations the uncertainty caused by the variability of the product dominates the other sources of
uncertainty.
NOTE 2 The variability of the release or emission of dangerous substances often differs from the other characteristics
tested by product TCs.
Variability of the product results in uncertainty of the obtained test result(s). By taking account of the variability
when sampling, a representative test result can be obtained. Representative within the context of this CEN/TR
means the acceptance of a certain level of uncertainty. The level of uncertainty should at least be such that
the chance that another sample would result in another assessment of conformity than the original sample is
acceptably small.
NOTE 3 This means that the test result obtained from the sample can be used to assess the sampled product, while
the uncertainty of that assessment is sufficiently small: the risk of false positive or false negative results is acceptable.
This CEN/TR focuses on obtaining an individual laboratory sample that is representative for a defined quantity
of the construction product. Implementation of the guidance of this CEN/TR provides individual samples which
are sufficiently representative. Whenever repetitive sampling is necessary, for example to quantify the risk of
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exceeding a limit value, a second source of variability in the product is introduced. This is the variability of the
relevant product properties over a period of (production) time. This CEN/TR does not provide the necessary
guidance to deal with that level of uncertainty, nor does it provide the tools to define the statistical testing that
does.
NOTE 4 Considering the fact that the uncertainty of the actual test and measurement often is much smaller than the
uncertainty that is due to the heterogeneity of the sampled construction product, it is important to realise that the quantity
of the product represented by the test portion / test specimen should be sufficiently large to incorporate that heterogeneity.
In Annex B, more information is provided with respect to the assessment of the uncertainty related to sampling
activities as part of the overall test procedure.
0.7 Structure of this CEN/TR
This CEN/TR consists, apart from the scope in Clause 1, of two main parts:
 Clause 2 describes in general the principle requirements for sampling construction products for the
determination of the release or emission of dangerous substances. It provides explanatory texts on the
key issues that are to be covered in sampling standards and sampling instructions for construction
products;
 Clause 3 provides a practical translation between the theoretical principles as described under Clause 2,
and the test procedures as developed by CEN/TC 351/WG 1 and WG 2, as well as the product standards
as developed and maintained by product TCs.
In addition to these two clauses a number of annexes provide background information and examples:
 Annex A provides definitions for the key terms on sampling as used in this CEN/TR;
 Annex B discusses the assessment of the uncertainty resulting from sampling as part of the overall test
procedure;
 Annex C provides help for the estimation of the minimum increment and sample mass when applying
probabilistic sampling;
 Annex D provides methods for the calculation of the required number of increments and samples when
applying probabilistic sampling;
 Annex E provides some details on sample containers and storage conditions;
 Annex F provides example forms for the sampling plan, the field report and the chain of custody report;
 Annex G provides a checklist for the product TCs to assess their existing sampling standards or sampling
paragraph against the essential elements as identified in this CEN/TR.
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1 Scope
This CEN/TR covers the specific requirements for sampling construction products to determine the release or
emission of dangerous substances in their intended use. It is complementary to existing sampling standards
and sampling instruction in product standards or test methods for construction products of CEN product TCs
and EOTA committees which fall under the CPD.
The scope of this CEN/TR covers all activities related to product sampling, starting with the initial planning of
sampling until the delivery and formal transfer of the laboratory sample at the laboratory.
This CEN/TR:
 does not deal with sub-sampling in the laboratory as a step towards the preparation of the test portion /
5)
test specimen ;
 does not deal with the second sampling domain in which a sample is to be taken from the air (emission)
or water (release) with which the test portion / test specimen has been in contact;
 does not deal with the statistical testing of a construction product against (legislative) limit values, nor
does it deal with the definition of repetitive sampling, suitable for fulfilling requirements with respect to a
minimum level of uncertainty in a series of test results.
This Technical Report focuses on obtaining a single sample. Repetitive sampling is outside the scope as the
boundary conditions for routine testing against a limit are not yet defined (e.g. the necessary reliability).
Despite the fact that repetitive sampling is not covered, the conditions provided in this Technical Report apply
for an individual sample, as well as for a sample that is part of a series.
2 Key concepts
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Key terms
A number of key terms for product sampling are introduced in this clause, including: population, sub-
population, scale, increment, composite sample, sample, laboratory sample and test portion / test specimen.
The definition of these key terms is independent whether the release or emission of dangerous substances is
to be assessed.
NOTE 2.1 gives a general description of some of the key terms and Annex A gives a formal definition together with a
figure showing the relationship between some of these terms.
2.1.2 Representativeness
The ultimate goal of product sampling is obtaining a representative portion of the sampled construction
product; maintaining the representativeness is essential in all steps where a (partial) sample of the product is
involved. Whenever there is variability in the product, measures are to be taken in order to ensure the
representativeness of the sample.
NOTE 1 When it comes to maintaining the representativeness of the sampled product, the full test procedure needs to
be taken into account.

5) This document regularly refers both to the term 'test portion' and the term 'test specimen' which are equivalent terms.
However, as the term 'test portion' is used in the field of release to soil and water, and the term 'test specimen' is used in
the field of emissions to indoor air, both are referred to.
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NOTE 2 The same set of samples may show a different distribution of test results for different properties.
The degree of variability encountered, depends on the quantity of the product for which a sample is
representative.
EXAMPLE A simple numerical example might be four tiles with a slightly different characteristic property,
represented by single numbers. Observations are available for three series of four individual tiles:

The mean and standard deviation for these three series are:
Series 1: mean 6,0 standard deviation 2,6
Series 2: mean 5,8 standard deviation 1,7
Series 3: mean 3,8 standard deviation 2,8
The overall mean and standard deviation are 5,2 and 2,4 respectively.
When, instead of individual tiles, a group of four tiles is tested in a single test, the mean values for these three series
would become the new measurements. The standard deviation between these three measurements is decreased to 1,2
(instead of 2,4 when measuring all individual tiles). Using a bigger quantity of product (four tiles) reduces observed
variability from 2,4 to 1,2. The results are less variable when a larger quantity of the product is tested. Consequently the
product might comply more easily.
In order to obtain comparable test results, it is important that in a harmonized product standard a choice is
made with respect to the quantity of product (the scale) on which that product is tested. See also 2.4.4.
Representativeness of the test portion / test specimen is ensured differently for the release to soil and water
and the emission to indoor air, reflecting the different nature of influencing factors (see below). For the
determination of the release, incremental sampling and subsequent use of a composite sample is possible
when sampling particulate products. Even for monolithic and shaped products this is still a potential, although
less simple, option, when assessing the release to soil and water.
NOTE 3 Sampling might well result in a laboratory sample of 10 kg, while the size of the test portion / test specimen
can only be 1 kg. This implies that maintaining the representativeness of the sample is essential, in order to ensure that
the test result of the 1 kg test portion / test specimen indeed represents the original laboratory sample of 10 kg. As should
the laboratory sample of 10 kg actually be a representative portion of the original product. Maintaining representativeness
throughout the whole test procedure, from the first stage of sampling until the actual testing, is therefore essential.
NOTE 4 The size of the test portion / test specimen might put demands on the size of the laboratory sample, i.e. the
laboratory sample should at least be sufficiently large to accommodate all test portions / test specimens necessary.
Especially when determining the emission into indoor air, probabilistic sampling may result in less effective
sample selection at higher costs than educated or skilled selection of samples. Such sampling is to be based
on knowledge of the key parameters influencing emissions properties of a certain piece of sample. The
emission of dangerous substances across a certain amount of product often does not follow a statistically
describable distribution, showing rather distinct changes depending on parameters such as actual
composition, raw materials used, details of manufacturing process and storage conditions (e.g. temperature
control, drying period), age of product and more.
NOTE 5 Some examples: Use of another source of tree may influence emissions of a wood based product. Purchase
of nominally identical resin or dispersion from a different supplier may influence emissions of a water-based adhesive.
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Changing to cement from another mill may influence emissions of a cement-based product. Slightly elevated temperature
due to sunshine on the roof of a manufacturing plant may influence remaining volatiles in the final product.
Additionally, incremental sampling shall be avoided when cutting is essential to obtain the individual
increments, because the cutting edges creates fresh surfaces which potentially may disturb the release or
emission test result.
Thirdly, products manufactured in a discontinuous manner are not always available as freshly manufactured
products (although some products need aging before testing).
Therefore, the alternative approach comprises a targeted and informed selection of sampling date and
sampling site, such that the sampled product represents either typical emission properties, or worst case
elevated release or emission properties, taking into account the availability of the product at the selected
sampling site. In this approach, specific technological knowledge is used to ensure representativeness instead
of statistical observations.
The key terms as used in this CEN/TR are defined in Annex A.
2.1.3 Uncertainty
The associated uncertainty of the final test result is
...