SIST IEC 60034-1:2023

IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 14.0 2022-02
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 1: Rating and performance

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IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 14.0 2022-02
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –

Part 1: Rating and performance

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1082-6

– 2 – IEC 60034-1:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Duty . 18
4.1 Declaration of duty . 18
4.2 Duty types . 18
4.2.1 Duty type S1 – Continuous running duty . 18
4.2.2 Duty type S2 – Short-time duty . 19
4.2.3 Duty type S3 – Intermittent periodic duty . 20
4.2.4 Duty type S4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting . 21
4.2.5 Duty type S5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking. 22
4.2.6 Duty type S6 – Continuous operation periodic duty . 24
4.2.7 Duty type S7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking . 25
4.2.8 Duty type S8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related
load/speed changes . 26
4.2.9 Duty type S9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations . 27
4.2.10 Duty type S10 – Duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 28
5 Rating. 31
5.1 Assignment of rating . 31
5.2 Classes of rating . 31
5.2.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 31
5.2.2 Rating for short-time duty . 31
5.2.3 Rating for periodic duty . 31
5.2.4 Rating for non-periodic duty . 31
5.2.5 Rating for duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 32
5.2.6 Rating for equivalent loading . 32
5.3 Selection of a class of rating . 32
5.4 Allocation of outputs to class of rating . 32
5.5 Rated output . 33
5.5.1 DC generators . 33
5.5.2 AC generators . 33
5.5.3 Motors . 33
5.5.4 Synchronous condensers compensators . 33
5.6 Rated voltage . 33
5.6.1 DC generators . 33
5.6.2 AC generators . 33
5.6.3 AC motors . 33
5.7 Co-ordination Preferred combination of voltages and outputs . 33
5.8 Machines with more than one rating . 34
6 Site conditions . 34
6.1 General . 34
6.2 Altitude . 34
6.3 Maximum ambient air temperature . 34
6.4 Minimum ambient air temperature . 34
6.5 Water coolant temperature . 35

6.6 Standstill, storage and transport . 35
6.7 Purity of hydrogen coolant . 35
7 Electrical operating conditions . 35
7.1 Electrical supply . 35
7.2 Form and symmetry of voltages and currents . 36
7.2.1 AC motors . 36
7.2.2 AC generators . 37
7.2.3 Synchronous machines . 37
7.2.4 DC motors supplied from static power converters . 38
7.3 Voltage during starting of AC motors . 39
7.4 Voltage and frequency variations during operation . 39
7.5 Three-phase AC machines operating on unearthed systems . 42
7.6 Voltage (peak and gradient) withstand levels . 43
8 Thermal performance and tests . 43
8.1 Thermal class . 43
8.2 Reference coolant . 43
8.3 Conditions for thermal tests . 44
8.3.1 Electrical supply . 44
8.3.2 Temperature of machine before test . 45
8.3.3 Temperature of coolant . 45
8.3.4 Measurement of coolant temperature during test . 45
8.4 Temperature rise of a part of a machine . 45
8.5 Methods of measurement of temperature . 46
8.5.1 General . 46
8.5.2 Resistance method . 46
8.5.3 Embedded temperature detector (ETD) method . 46
8.5.4 Thermometer method. 46
8.6 Determination of winding temperature . 46
8.6.1 Choice of method . 46
8.6.2 Determination by resistance method . 47
8.6.3 Determination by ETD method . 49
8.6.4 Determination by thermometer method . 49
8.7 Duration of thermal tests . 50
8.7.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 50
8.7.2 Rating for short-time duty . 50
8.7.3 Rating for periodic duty . 50
8.7.4 Ratings for non-periodic duty and for duty with discrete constant loads . 50
8.8 Determination of the thermal equivalent time constant for machines of
duty type S9 . 50
8.9 Measurement of bearing temperature . 50
8.10 Limits of temperature and of temperature rise . 51
8.10.1 General . 51
8.10.2 Indirect cooled windings . 51
8.10.3 Direct cooled windings . 55
8.10.4 Adjustments to take account of hydrogen purity on test . 56
8.10.5 Permanently short-circuited windings, magnetic cores and all structural
components (other than bearings) whether or not in contact with
insulation . 56
8.10.6 Commutators and sliprings, open or enclosed and their brushes and
brushgear . 56

– 4 – IEC 60034-1:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
9 Other performance and tests . 58
9.1 Routine tests. 58
9.2 Withstand voltage test . 60
9.3 Occasional excess current . 64
9.3.1 General . 64
9.3.2 Generators . 64
9.3.3 Motors (except commutator motors and permanent magnet motors) . 64
9.3.4 Commutator machines . 64
9.4 Momentary excess torque for motors . 64
9.4.1 Polyphase induction motors and DC motors . 64
9.4.2 Polyphase synchronous motors . 65
9.4.3 Other motors . 65
9.5 Pull-up torque and locked-rotor torque for cage induction motors with direct
online starting . 65
9.6 Safe operating speed of cage induction motors . 65
9.7 Overspeed . 66
9.8 Short-circuit current for synchronous machines . 67
9.9 Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machines . 67
9.10 Commutation test for commutator machines . 68
9.11 Total harmonic distortion (THD) for synchronous machines . 68
9.11.1 General . 68
9.11.2 Limits . 68
9.11.3 Tests . 68
9.12 Protective earth test . 68
9.13 Measurement of insulation resistance and polarization index of winding
insulation . 69
9.14 Shaft-voltage test . 70
10 Information requirements . 70
10.1 General . 70
10.2 Product documentation . 70
10.3 Rating plate . 70
10.4 Marking Information content . 71
10.4.1 General . 72
10.4.2 Minimum information requirements . 72
10.4.3 All AC machines . 73
10.4.4 All DC machines . 74
10.4.5 Machines over 5 kW (or 5 kVA) rated output . 74
10.4.6 Optional information . 74
11 Miscellaneous requirements . 74
11.1 Protective earthing of machines . 74
11.2 Shaft-end key(s) . 76
12 Tolerances . 76
12.1 General . 76
12.2 Tolerances on values of quantities . 76
13 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 78
13.1 General . 78
13.2 Immunity . 79
13.2.1 Machines not incorporating electronic circuits . 79
13.2.2 Machines incorporating electronic circuits . 79

13.3 Emission . 79
13.4 Immunity tests . 79
13.5 Emission measurements . 79
14 Safety Application requirements . 79
Annex A (informative) Guidance for the application of duty type S10 and for
establishing the value of relative thermal life expectancy TL . 81
Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits . 82
Bibliography . 83

Figure 1 – Continuous running duty – Duty type S1 . 19
Figure 2 – Short-time duty – Duty type S2 . 20
Figure 3 – Intermittent periodic duty – Duty type S3 . 21
Figure 4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting – Duty type S4 . 22
Figure 5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S5 . 23
Figure 6 – Continuous operation periodic duty – Duty type S6 . 24
Figure 7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S7 . 25
Figure 8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes – Duty
type S8 . 27
Figure 9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations – Duty type S9 . 28
Figure 10 – Duty with discrete constant loads – Duty type S10 . 30
Figure 11 – Voltage and frequency limits for generators .
Figure 12 – Voltage and frequency limits for motors .
Figure 11 – Voltage and frequency limits for motors and for generators except
generators or synchronous compensators within the scope of IEC 60034-3 and hydro
generators within the scope of IEC 60034-33 . 42
Figure 12 – Worst case increase in temperature rise (∆θ) and recommended reduction
of output power (∆P) of motors as a function of the combined change of voltage and
frequency |∆∅| (indicative guideline to users of motors and generators only) . 42
Figure 13 – Factor K for determining R . 69
PE,M
Table 1 – Preferred voltage ratings . 34
Table 2 – Unbalanced operating conditions for synchronous machines . 38
Table 3 – CCC symbol designation . 39
Table 4 – Primary functions of machines . 41
Table 5 – Reference coolant (see also Table 11) . 44
Table 6 – Time interval . 48
Table 7 – Measuring points . 50
Table 8 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by air. 52
Table 9 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by hydrogen . 53
Table 10 – Adjustments to limits of temperature rise at the operating site of indirect
cooled windings to take account of non-reference operating conditions and ratings . 54
Table 11 – Assumed maximum ambient temperature . 55
Table 12 – Adjusted limits of temperature rise at the test site (∆θ ) for windings
T
indirectly cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 56
Table 13 – Limits of temperature of directly cooled windings and their coolants . 57

– 6 – IEC 60034-1:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
Table 14 – Adjustments to limits of temperature at the operating site for windings
directly cooled by air or hydrogen to take account of non-reference operating
conditions and ratings . 57
Table 15 – Adjusted limits of temperature at the test site θ for windings directly
T
cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 58
Table 16 – Minimum routine tests for machines assembled and tested in the factory of
the manufacturer . 59
Table 17 – Withstand voltage tests . 62
Table 18 – Test voltage factors for machines with an assigned Impulse Voltage
Insulation Class (IVIC) according to IEC 60034-18-41 and IEC 60034-18-42. 63
Table 19 – Maximum safe operating speed (min− ) of three-phase single-speed cage
induction motors for voltages up to and including 1 000 V . 66
Table 20 – Overspeeds . 67
Table 21 – Cross-sectional areas of earthing conductors . 76
Table 22 – Schedule of tolerances on values of quantities . 77
Table B.1 – Electromagnetic emission limits per CISPR 11 Class B Group 1. 82
Table B.2 – Electromagnetic emission limits per CISPR 11 Class A Group 1. 82

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 1: Rating and performance

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes made to
the previous edition IEC 60034-1:2017. A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change
has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text.

– 8 – IEC 60034-1:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
IEC 60034-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2: Rotating machinery. It is an
International Standard.
This fourteenth edition cancels and replaces the thirteenth edition published in 2017. This
edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
Clause or
Change
subclause
1 Clarification of the scope
2 General use of dated references
3.29 Clarification on identification of maximum and minimum current
3.34 Definition of main insulation
3.35 Definition of converter capable machine
3.36 Definition of converter duty machine
3.37 Definition of shaft voltage
4.2 Explanation for using duty types S9 and S10 for converter duty machines
5.6.3 New subclause for clarification of the terms range of rated voltages and voltage variations
6.2 Requirement to consider reduced arcing distance in machine design for altitudes >1 000 m
7.1 Clarification on bus transfer or fast reclosing
Clarification on the capability to withstand impulse voltages
7.3 New subclause on voltage deviation during starting
7.4 Extended variation of supply frequency
Note added on design for operation with extended voltage and frequency
Recommended derating added for high variations of voltage and frequency
7.6 Clarification that enamelled wires are no bare living material
8.3.1 Clarification on electrical supply during thermal tests added
9.1 Changes in Table 16, especially inclusion of PM and reluctance synchronous machines
9.2 Requirement on test equipment for withstand voltage test added
Test voltage for variable speed AC machines added
Clarification to withstand voltage test for machines after stock holding
9.5 Extended to requirements on minimum locked rotor torque
9.10 Note added on criteria for commutation test
9.11.3 Clarification added that synchronous motors do not need a THD test
9.12 New subclause on protective earth test
9.13 New subclause on measurement of insulation resistance and polarization index
9.14 New subclause on shaft-voltage measurement
10. Clause has been rearranged completely
Clarification on unit symbol for speed added
11.1 Clarification on protective earth test after installation added
12.1 Clarification on the tolerances due to the accuracy of the test equipment
Note on measurement uncertainty added

Clause or
Change
subclause
12.2 Change in the tolerance on efficiency
Clarification on the tolerance on locked-rotor current
New tolerance on sound pressure level
14 Improved title of clause
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
2/2084/FDIS 2/2090/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60034 series, published under the general title Rotating electrical
machines, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 10 – IEC 60034-1:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 1: Rating and performance

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines, except those covered by
other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349 except rotating electrical machines for rail and
road vehicles, which are covered by the IEC 60349 series of standards.
Machines within the scope of this document may also be subject to superseding, modifying or
additional requirements in other standards, for example, IEC 60079 and IEC 60092.
NOTE If particular clauses of this document are modified to meet special applications, for example machines subject
to radioactivity or machines for aerospace, all other clauses apply insofar as they are compatible.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60027-1:1992, Letters symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 1: General
IEC 60027-1:1992/AMD1:1997
IEC 60027-1:1992/AMD2:2005
IEC 60027-4:2006, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 4: Rotating electric
machines
IEC 60034-2 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 2: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
IEC 60034-3:2020, Rotating electrical machines – Part 3: Specific requirements for
synchronous generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines and for
synchronous compensators
IEC 60034-5:2020, Rotating electrical machines – Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the
integral design of rotating electrical machines (IP code) – Classification
IEC 60034-6:1991, Rotating electrical machines – Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC code)
IEC 60034-8:2007, Rotating electrical machines – Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
IEC 60034-8:2007/AMD1:2014
IEC 60034-12:2016, Rotating electrical machines – Part 12: Starting performance of single-
speed three-phase cage induction motors
IEC 60034-15:2009, Rotating electrical machines – Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels
of form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines

IEC 60034-18 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 18: Functional evaluation of
insulation systems
IEC 60034-18-41:2014, Rotating electrical machines – Part 18-41: Partial discharge free
electrical insulation systems (Type I) used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage
converters – Qualification and quality control tests
IEC 60034-18-41:2014/AMD1:2019
IEC 60034-18-42:2017, Rotating electrical machines – Part 18-42: Partial discharge resistant
electrical insulation systems (Type II) used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage
converters – Qualification tests
IEC 60034-18-42:2017/AMD1:2020
IEC 60034-19:2014, Rotating electrical machines – Part 19: Specific test methods for d.c.
machines on conventional and rectifier-fed supplies
IEC TS 60034-25:2014, Rotating electrical machines – Part 25: AC electrical machines used in
power drive systems – Application guide
IEC 60034-27-4, Rotating electrical machines – Part 27-4: Measurement of insulation
resistance and polarization index of winding insulation of rotating electrical machines
IEC 60034-29:2008, Rotating electrical machines – Part 29: Equivalent loading and
superposition techniques – Indirect testing to determine temperature rise
IEC 60034-30-1:2014, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-1: Efficiency classes of line
operated AC motors (IE-code)
IEC TS 60034-30-2, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-2: Efficiency classes of variable
speed AC motors (IE-code)
IEC 60034-33: Rotating electrical machines – Part 33: Specific technical requirements for hydro
generators
IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60050-411:1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 411: Rotating
machines machinery
IEC 60050-411:1996/AMD1:2007
IEC 60050-411:1996/AMD2:2021
IEC 60060-1:2010, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60072 (all parts), Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60085:2007, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60204-1:2016, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60204-11:2018, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 11:
Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC and not
exceeding 36 kV
– 12 – IEC 60034-1:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
IEC 60335-1:20102020, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60364 (all parts), Low-voltage electrical installations
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment – 12-month subscription to regularly
updated online database comprising all graphical symbols published in IEC 60417
IEC 60445:2017, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and
identification – Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors
IEC 60664-1:2020, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 61148:2011, Terminal markings for valve device stacks and assemblies and for power
conversion equipment
IEC TS 61800-8, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Part 8: Specification of
voltage on the power interface
IEC 61293, Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply – Safety
requirements
CISPR 11:2015, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 11:2015/AMD1:2016
CISPR 11:2015/AMD2:2019
CISPR 14 (all parts), Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
CISPR 16 (all parts), Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60050-411, some of which
are repeated here for convenience, and the following apply.
NOTE 1 For definitions concerning cooling and coolants, other than those in 3.17 to 3.22, see IEC 60034-6.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the term ‘agreement’ means ‘agreement between the manufacturer and
purchaser’.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rated value
quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of a
machine
Note 1 to entry: The rated voltage or voltage range is the rated voltage or voltage range between lines at the
terminals.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-23]
3.2
rating
set of rated values and operating conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-24]
3.3
rated output
value of the output included in the rating
3.4
load
all the values of the, in case of a generator, electrical and, in case of a motor, mechanical
quantities that signify the demand made on a rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a
mechanism at a given instant
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-01, modified:modification indicated in italics.]
3.5
no-load (operation)
state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal operating
conditions)
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-02, modified: modification indicated in italics.]
3.6
full load
load which causes a machine to operate at its rating
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-10]
3.7
full load value
quantity value for a machine operating at full load
Note 1 to entry: This concept applies to power, torque, current, speed, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-11]
3.8
rest and de-energized
complete absence of all movement and of all electrical supply or mechanical drive
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-03]
3.9
duty
statement of the load(s) to which the machine is subjected, including, if applicable, starting,
electric braking, no-load and rest and de-energized periods, and including their durations and
sequence in time
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-06]

– 14 – IEC 60034-1:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
3.10
duty type
continuous, short-time or periodic duty, comprising one or more loads remaining constant for
the duration specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally load and speed vary within the
permissible operating range
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-13]
3.11
cyclic duration factor
ratio between the period of loading, including starting and electric braking, and the duration of
the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-09]
3.12
locked-rotor torque
smallest minimum measured torque the motor develops at its shaft and with the rotor locked,
over all its angular positions, at rated voltage and frequency
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-48-06]
3.13
locked-rotor current
greatest steady-state r.m.s. current taken from the line with the motor held at rest rotor locked,
over all angular positions of its rotor, at rated voltage and frequency
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-48-16]
3.14
pull-up torque
smallest minimum steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops between zero
speed and the speed which corresponds
...

IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 14.0 2022-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 1: Rating and performance

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et caractéristiques de fonctionnement

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IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 14.0 2022-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –

Part 1: Rating and performance

Machines électriques tournantes –

Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et caractéristiques de fonctionnement

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1076-8

– 2 – IEC 60034-1:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Duty . 17
4.1 Declaration of duty . 17
4.2 Duty types . 18
4.2.1 Duty type S1 – Continuous running duty . 18
4.2.2 Duty type S2 – Short-time duty . 19
4.2.3 Duty type S3 – Intermittent periodic duty . 20
4.2.4 Duty type S4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting . 21
4.2.5 Duty type S5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking. 22
4.2.6 Duty type S6 – Continuous operation periodic duty . 24
4.2.7 Duty type S7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking . 25
4.2.8 Duty type S8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related
load/speed changes . 26
4.2.9 Duty type S9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations . 27
4.2.10 Duty type S10 – Duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 28
5 Rating. 31
5.1 Assignment of rating . 31
5.2 Classes of rating . 31
5.2.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 31
5.2.2 Rating for short-time duty . 31
5.2.3 Rating for periodic duty . 31
5.2.4 Rating for non-periodic duty . 31
5.2.5 Rating for duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 32
5.2.6 Rating for equivalent loading . 32
5.3 Selection of a class of rating . 32
5.4 Allocation of outputs to class of rating . 32
5.5 Rated output . 33
5.5.1 DC generators . 33
5.5.2 AC generators . 33
5.5.3 Motors . 33
5.5.4 Synchronous compensators . 33
5.6 Rated voltage . 33
5.6.1 DC generators . 33
5.6.2 AC generators . 33
5.6.3 AC motors . 33
5.7 Preferred combinations of voltages and outputs . 33
5.8 Machines with more than one rating . 34
6 Site conditions . 34
6.1 General . 34
6.2 Altitude . 34
6.3 Maximum ambient air temperature . 34
6.4 Minimum ambient air temperature . 34
6.5 Water coolant temperature . 35

6.6 Standstill, storage and transport . 35
6.7 Purity of hydrogen coolant . 35
7 Electrical operating conditions . 35
7.1 Electrical supply . 35
7.2 Form and symmetry of voltages and currents . 36
7.2.1 AC motors . 36
7.2.2 AC generators . 37
7.2.3 Synchronous machines . 37
7.2.4 DC motors supplied from static power converters . 38
7.3 Voltage during starting of AC motors . 39
7.4 Voltage and frequency variations during operation . 39
7.5 Three-phase AC machines operating on unearthed systems . 41
7.6 Voltage (peak and gradient) withstand levels . 42
8 Thermal performance and tests . 42
8.1 Thermal class . 42
8.2 Reference coolant . 42
8.3 Conditions for thermal tests . 43
8.3.1 Electrical supply . 43
8.3.2 Temperature of machine before test . 43
8.3.3 Temperature of coolant . 44
8.3.4 Measurement of coolant temperature during test . 44
8.4 Temperature rise of a part of a machine . 44
8.5 Methods of measurement of temperature . 45
8.5.1 General . 45
8.5.2 Resistance method . 45
8.5.3 Embedded temperature detector (ETD) method . 45
8.5.4 Thermometer method. 45
8.6 Determination of winding temperature . 45
8.6.1 Choice of method . 45
8.6.2 Determination by resistance method . 46
8.6.3 Determination by ETD method . 48
8.6.4 Determination by thermometer method . 48
8.7 Duration of thermal tests . 48
8.7.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 48
8.7.2 Rating for short-time duty . 49
8.7.3 Rating for periodic duty . 49
8.7.4 Ratings for non-periodic duty and for duty with discrete constant loads . 49
8.8 Determination of the thermal equivalent time constant for machines of
duty type S9 . 49
8.9 Measurement of bearing temperature . 49
8.10 Limits of temperature and of temperature rise . 50
8.10.1 General . 50
8.10.2 Indirect cooled windings . 50
8.10.3 Direct cooled windings . 54
8.10.4 Adjustments to take account of hydrogen purity on test . 55
8.10.5 Permanently short-circuited windings, magnetic cores and all structural
components (other than bearings) whether or not in contact with
insulation . 55
8.10.6 Commutators and sliprings, open or enclosed and their brushes and
brushgear . 55

– 4 – IEC 60034-1:2022 © IEC 2022
9 Other performance and tests . 57
9.1 Routine tests. 57
9.2 Withstand voltage test . 58
9.3 Occasional excess current . 62
9.3.1 General . 62
9.3.2 Generators . 62
9.3.3 Motors (except commutator motors and permanent magnet motors) . 62
9.3.4 Commutator machines . 62
9.4 Momentary excess torque for motors . 62
9.4.1 Polyphase induction motors and DC motors . 62
9.4.2 Polyphase synchronous motors . 63
9.4.3 Other motors . 63
9.5 Pull-up torque and locked-rotor torque for cage induction motors with direct
online starting . 63
9.6 Safe operating speed of cage induction motors . 63
9.7 Overspeed . 64
9.8 Short-circuit current for synchronous machines . 65
9.9 Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machines . 65
9.10 Commutation test for commutator machines . 66
9.11 Total harmonic distortion (THD) for synchronous machines . 66
9.11.1 General . 66
9.11.2 Limits . 66
9.11.3 Tests . 66
9.12 Protective earth test . 66
9.13 Measurement of insulation resistance and polarization index of winding
insulation . 67
9.14 Shaft-voltage test . 68
10 Information requirements . 68
10.1 General . 68
10.2 Product documentation . 68
10.3 Rating plate . 68
10.4 Information content . 69
10.4.1 General . 69
10.4.2 Minimum information requirements . 69
10.4.3 All AC machines . 70
10.4.4 All DC machines . 70
10.4.5 Machines over 5 kW (or 5 kVA) rated output . 70
10.4.6 Optional information . 70
11 Miscellaneous requirements . 71
11.1 Protective earthing of machines . 71
11.2 Shaft-end key(s) . 72
12 Tolerances . 72
12.1 General . 72
12.2 Tolerances on values of quantities . 73
13 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 74
13.1 General . 74
13.2 Immunity . 75
13.2.1 Machines not incorporating electronic circuits . 75
13.2.2 Machines incorporating electronic circuits . 75

13.3 Emission . 75
13.4 Immunity tests . 75
13.5 Emission measurements . 75
14 Application requirements . 75
Annex A (informative) Guidance for the application of duty type S10 and for
establishing the value of relative thermal life expectancy TL . 77
Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits . 78
Bibliography . 79

Figure 1 – Continuous running duty – Duty type S1 . 19
Figure 2 – Short-time duty – Duty type S2 . 20
Figure 3 – Intermittent periodic duty – Duty type S3 . 21
Figure 4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting – Duty type S4 . 22
Figure 5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S5 . 23
Figure 6 – Continuous operation periodic duty – Duty type S6 . 24
Figure 7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S7 . 25
Figure 8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes – Duty
type S8 . 27
Figure 9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations – Duty type S9 . 28
Figure 10 – Duty with discrete constant loads – Duty type S10 . 30
Figure 11 – Voltage and frequency limits for motors and for generators except
generators or synchronous compensators within the scope of IEC 60034-3 and hydro
generators within the scope of IEC 60034-33 . 41
Figure 12 – Worst case increase in temperature rise (∆θ) and recommended reduction
of output power (∆P) of motors as a function of the combined change of voltage and
frequency |∆∅| (indicative guideline to users of motors and generators only) . 41
Figure 13 – Factor K for determining R . 67
PE,M
Table 1 – Preferred voltage ratings . 34
Table 2 – Unbalanced operating conditions for synchronous machines . 38
Table 3 – CCC symbol designation . 39
Table 4 – Primary functions of machines . 40
Table 5 – Reference coolant (see also Table 11) . 43
Table 6 – Time interval . 47
Table 7 – Measuring points . 49
Table 8 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by air. 51
Table 9 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by hydrogen . 52
Table 10 – Adjustments to limits of temperature rise at the operating site of indirect
cooled windings to take account of non-reference operating conditions and ratings . 53
Table 11 – Assumed maximum ambient temperature . 54
Table 12 – Adjusted limits of temperature rise at the test site (∆θ ) for windings
T
indirectly cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 55
Table 13 – Limits of temperature of directly cooled windings and their coolants . 56
Table 14 – Adjustments to limits of temperature at the operating site for windings
directly cooled by air or hydrogen to take account of non-reference operating
conditions and ratings . 56

– 6 – IEC 60034-1:2022 © IEC 2022
Table 15 – Adjusted limits of temperature at the test site θ for windings directly
T
cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 57
Table 16 – Minimum routine tests for machines assembled and tested in the factory of
the manufacturer . 58
Table 17 – Withstand voltage tests . 60
Table 18 – Test voltage factors for machines with an assigned Impulse Voltage

Insulation Class (IVIC) according to IEC 60034-18-41 and IEC 60034-18-42. 61
Table 19 – Maximum safe operating speed (min− ) of three-phase single-speed cage
induction motors for voltages up to and including 1 000 V . 64
Table 20 – Overspeeds . 65
Table 21 – Cross-sectional areas of earthing conductors . 72
Table 22 – Schedule of tolerances on values of quantities . 73
Table B.1 – Electromagnetic emission limits per CISPR 11 Class B Group 1. 78
Table B.2 – Electromagnetic emission limits per CISPR 11 Class A Group 1. 78

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 1: Rating and performance

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
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preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
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with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60034-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2: Rotating machinery. It is an
International Standard.
This fourteenth edition cancels and replaces the thirteenth edition published in 2017. This
edition constitutes a technical revision.

– 8 – IEC 60034-1:2022 © IEC 2022
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
Clause or
Change
subclause
1 Clarification of the scope
2 General use of dated references
3.29 Clarification on identification of maximum and minimum current
3.34 Definition of main insulation
3.35 Definition of converter capable machine
3.36 Definition of converter duty machine
3.37 Definition of shaft voltage
4.2 Explanation for using duty types S9 and S10 for converter duty machines
5.6.3 New subclause for clarification of the terms range of rated voltages and voltage variations
6.2 Requirement to consider reduced arcing distance in machine design for altitudes >1 000 m
7.1 Clarification on bus transfer or fast reclosing
Clarification on the capability to withstand impulse voltages
7.3 New subclause on voltage deviation during starting
7.4 Extended variation of supply frequency
Note added on design for operation with extended voltage and frequency
Recommended derating added for high variations of voltage and frequency
7.6 Clarification that enamelled wires are no bare living material
8.3.1 Clarification on electrical supply during thermal tests added
9.1 Changes in Table 16, especially inclusion of PM and reluctance synchronous machines
9.2 Requirement on test equipment for withstand voltage test added
Test voltage for variable speed AC machines added
Clarification to withstand voltage test for machines after stock holding
9.5 Extended to requirements on minimum locked rotor torque
9.10 Note added on criteria for commutation test
9.11.3 Clarification added that synchronous motors do not need a THD test
9.12 New subclause on protective earth test
9.13 New subclause on measurement of insulation resistance and polarization index
9.14 New subclause on shaft-voltage measurement
10. Clause has been rearranged completely
Clarification on unit symbol for speed added
11.1 Clarification on protective earth test after installation added
12.1 Clarification on the tolerances due to the accuracy of the test equipment
Note on measurement uncertainty added
12.2 Change in the tolerance on efficiency
Clarification on the tolerance on locked-rotor current
New tolerance on sound pressure level
14 Improved title of clause
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
2/2084/FDIS 2/2090/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60034 series, published under the general title Rotating electrical
machines, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 10 – IEC 60034-1:2022 © IEC 2022
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 1: Rating and performance

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines, except rotating electrical
machines for rail and road vehicles, which are covered by the IEC 60349 series of standards.
Machines within the scope of this document may also be subject to superseding, modifying or
additional requirements in other standards, for example, IEC 60079 and IEC 60092.
NOTE If particular clauses of this document are modified to meet special applications, for example machines subject
to radioactivity or machines for aerospace, all other clauses apply insofar as they are compatible.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60027-1:1992, Letters symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 1: General
IEC 60027-1:1992/AMD1:1997
IEC 60027-1:1992/AMD2:2005
IEC 60027-4:2006, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 4: Rotating electric
machines
IEC 60034-2 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 2: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
IEC 60034-3:2020, Rotating electrical machines – Part 3: Specific requirements for
synchronous generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines and for
synchronous compensators
IEC 60034-5:2020, Rotating electrical machines – Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the
integral design of rotating electrical machines (IP code) – Classification
IEC 60034-6:1991, Rotating electrical machines – Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC code)
IEC 60034-8:2007, Rotating electrical machines – Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
IEC 60034-8:2007/AMD1:2014
IEC 60034-12:2016, Rotating electrical machines – Part 12: Starting performance of single-
speed three-phase cage induction motors
IEC 60034-15:2009, Rotating electrical machines – Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels
of form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines
IEC 60034-18 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 18: Functional evaluation of
insulation systems
IEC 60034-18-41:2014, Rotating electrical machines – Part 18-41: Partial discharge free
electrical insulation systems (Type I) used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage
converters – Qualification and quality control tests
IEC 60034-18-41:2014/AMD1:2019
IEC 60034-18-42:2017, Rotating electrical machines – Part 18-42: Partial discharge resistant
electrical insulation systems (Type II) used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage
converters – Qualification tests
IEC 60034-18-42:2017/AMD1:2020
IEC 60034-19:2014, Rotating electrical machines – Part 19: Specific test methods for d.c.
machines on conventional and rectifier-fed supplies
IEC TS 60034-25:2014, Rotating electrical machines – Part 25: AC electrical machines used in
power drive systems – Application guide
IEC 60034-27-4, Rotating electrical machines – Part 27-4: Measurement of insulation
resistance and polarization index of winding insulation of rotating electrical machines
IEC 60034-29:2008, Rotating electrical machines – Part 29: Equivalent loading and
superposition techniques – Indirect testing to determine temperature rise
IEC 60034-30-1:2014, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-1: Efficiency classes of line
operated AC motors (IE-code)
IEC TS 60034-30-2, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-2: Efficiency classes of variable
speed AC motors (IE-code)
IEC 60034-33: Rotating electrical machines – Part 33: Specific technical requirements for hydro
generators
IEC 60050-411:1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 411: Rotating
machinery
IEC 60050-411:1996/AMD1:2007
IEC 60050-411:1996/AMD2:2021
IEC 60060-1:2010, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60085:2007, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60204-1:2016, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60204-11:2018, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 11:
Requirements for equipment for voltages above 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC and not exceeding
36 kV
IEC 60335-1:2020, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60364 (all parts), Low-voltage electrical installations
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment – 12-month subscription to regularly
updated online database comprising all graphical symbols published in IEC 60417

– 12 – IEC 60034-1:2022 © IEC 2022
IEC 60445:2017, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and
identification – Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors
IEC 60664-1:2020, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 61148:2011, Terminal markings for valve device stacks and assemblies and for power
conversion equipment
IEC TS 61800-8, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Part 8: Specification of
voltage on the power interface
CISPR 11:2015, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 11:2015/AMD1:2016
CISPR 11:2015/AMD2:2019
CISPR 14 (all parts), Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
CISPR 16 (all parts), Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60050-411, and the
following apply.
NOTE 1 For definitions concerning cooling and coolants, other than those in 3.17 to 3.22, see IEC 60034-6.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the term ‘agreement’ means ‘agreement between the manufacturer and
purchaser’.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rated value
quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of a
machine
Note 1 to entry: The rated voltage or voltage range is the rated voltage or voltage range between lines at the
terminals.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-23]
3.2
rating
set of rated values and operating conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-24]
3.3
rated output
value of the output included in the rating

3.4
load
all the values of the, in case of a generator, electrical and, in case of a motor, mechanical
quantities that signify the demand made on a rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a
mechanism at a given instant
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-01, modified:modification indicated in italics.]
3.5
no-load (operation)
state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal operating
conditions)
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-02, modified: modification indicated in italics.]
3.6
full load
load which causes a machine to operate at its rating
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-10]
3.7
full load value
quanti
...