ISO 12614-16:2021

Overview

ISO 12614-16:2021 is an international standard that specifies the requirements and test methods for heat exchanger-vaporizer components used in liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel systems on road vehicles. These vehicles are classified according to ISO 3833. The heat exchanger-vaporizer plays a critical role by converting LNG from its liquid phase into gaseous fuel suitable for use by the engine.

This standard is essential for manufacturers and system integrators working with LNG-powered motor vehicles, ensuring consistent safety, reliability, and performance of heat exchanger-vaporizers. It does not apply to fuel containers, stationary gas engines, container mounting hardware, electronic fuel management systems, or refuelling receptacles.

Key Topics

• Scope and Application
  Specifies that the standard applies to heat exchanger-vaporizer components designed for road vehicles using LNG fuel, excluding certain parts like fuel containers and refuelling equipment. It adapts to natural gas working pressures around 1.6 MPa (16 bar), with provisions for adjusting testing pressures for different operational pressures.

• Marking Requirements
  Ensures traceability through markings that include manufacturer information, model designation, maximum allowable pressure, working temperature ranges, serial numbers, and optional details such as flow direction, fuel type, electrical ratings, certification symbols, and references to ISO 12614-16.

• Construction and Assembly
  Demands compliance with general LNG fuel system component standards (ISO 12614-1 and ISO 12614-2) and compatibility with rigid fuel lines. Proper assembly is crucial for operational safety and longevity.

• Test Protocols
  Includes a range of tests to verify safety and durability:

  • Hydrostatic Strength: Tested at 2.5 times the design pressure to ensure structural integrity under pressure.
  • Leakage and Excess Torque Resistance: Confirm sealing effectiveness and mechanical robustness.
  • Continued Operation: Endurance tested via 100 operational cycles, including 25 connection/disconnection cycles.
  • Water Jacket Freezing: Simulates exposure to freezing temperatures (−40 °C or −20 °C) to verify resistance to frost damage and leakage.
  • Compatibility with Heat Exchange Fluids: Non-metallic parts are tested for chemical and mechanical stability after prolonged immersion in water/ethylene-glycol mixtures at elevated temperatures.

Applications

ISO 12614-16:2021 is vital for:

• LNG-fueled Road Vehicles
  Ensures heat exchanger-vaporizers meet stringent safety and performance criteria for buses, trucks, and other motor vehicles using LNG as fuel.

• Component Manufacturers
  Assists in designing and testing heat exchanger-vaporizers to comply with international requirements, facilitating global market access.

• System Integrators and OEMs
  Provides guidance on component selection and quality assurance to enhance vehicle reliability and fuel system efficiency.

• Safety and Compliance Auditors
  Establishes a common reference for inspecting and certifying LNG fuel system components, promoting safer LNG vehicle operations.

Related Standards

• ISO 12614-1: LNG Fuel System Components – General Requirements and Definitions
  Sets foundational terms and general requirements applicable to LNG fuel system components.

• ISO 12614-2: LNG Fuel System Components – Performance and General Test Methods
  Defines the testing framework and performance criteria applicable to the heat exchanger-vaporizer and other components.

• ISO 3833: Road Vehicles – Types – Terms and Definitions
  Provides classification and terminology for motor vehicles covered by ISO 12614 series standards.

Conclusion

ISO 12614-16:2021 is an essential standard for ensuring the safety, durability, and operability of heat exchanger-vaporizers within LNG fuel systems for road vehicles. By complying with its marking, construction, and rigorous testing requirements, stakeholders in the automotive and alternative fuel sectors can enhance system reliability and regulatory compliance. This standard supports the broader adoption of LNG as a clean, efficient alternative fuel by ensuring critical fuel system components meet global quality benchmarks.

Keywords: ISO 12614-16, LNG fuel system, heat exchanger-vaporizer, liquefied natural gas, road vehicles, LNG components, fuel system testing, hydrostatic strength, water jacket freezing, fuel system safety, automotive LNG standard.